Hanganga, Pūtaiao
Wai te whakamāramatanga o "tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū"?
Ancient Greece - te pouraka o te kaupapa, tōrangapū, pāpori, me ētahi atu pūtaiao, kahore nei he uaua ki te whakaaro i to tatou ao. Ko te āhuarangi pai o Hellas whanau whakaaro tino hou, me te ariā o te kāwanatanga, te hapori tangata ... ka ki te whānuitanga rahi, to tatou ki te whakawhetai mo tenei te philosopho Aristotle rongonui, he waia ki ia o tatou tona ingoa, me ki Plato ko Socrates. Ana whakatutukitanga i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao māori, arorau, kōrero, kaupapa, ka taea e matatika kōrero oku taengata. Ko ia te tangata e mea e te tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū. Hei matau he aha te tikanga o te Aristotle, he utu, he iti hohonu ki ona mau haapiiraa.
Aristotle: he haurongo poto
"Tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū ..." Aristotle, te kaituhi o tenei kupu, i ora ia, ka mahi i roto i nga wa o te te pai nui o Kariki, i te 384-322. BC. e. I whanau ia i roto i te Stagira, he koroni iti Kariki tata te rohe Makeronia. Te nuinga o tona ora i roto i Atene, i reira i taea e tangohia e ia tetahi wahi kaha i roto i te ora tōrangapū. Kei te mohiotia ano te reira mo te te kaiako Aleksandra Makedonskogo, mo e reira, ka whawhati te tutu i roto i roto i Atene ki kua te kāwanatanga Makeronia kua whakataua.
te mana o Plato
ako Aristotle i te Academy o Plato, a ko tino hoa ki te kaiako, ki te haunga o tautohetohe tahi o rerekē āhua. Plato, whakahē Aristotle te kāhua nehenehe o kakahu, tona aroha mo te whakapaipai me te tiaki whaiaro, whakaaro Kāore reira mo te tangata tohe. Aristotle, te tuatahi he Platonist, hohoro anga ka totohe etahi o nga mau haapiiraa o Plato. Ko te rerekētanga matua o ratou ariā arotahi ki runga ki nga ariā o te kāwanatanga "pai", te State o te take, te tūranga o te kāwanatanga, ngā momo o te hapori, me te mahi takitahi i roto i reira. E whakairia Aristotle te ki ka mea, "Plato -. Toku hoa, engari he nui ake te utu pono" Anake nga ariā metaphysical e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te wairua, me te mea, ka mau katoa te akonga i runga i te kaiako. Ko te kupu, e taea te whakaaro te reira i te pakanga, me te ara mauahara rangitahi i waenganui Platon me Aristotle rite he āhuatanga pai, no te mea te āhuatanga matua o te tangata tohe ko ki kia kouma "whakapae" e ko, ui pātai, māramatanga me te ö o ariā tīariari i roto i te rapu o te pono. E Ua tauturu Plato tona tauira pai ki te whakawhanake i tētahi tauira tino rerekē o te kāwanatanga me te iwi.
Ko wai te mea te tangata i roto i Aristotle?
Hei matau aha rite te tangata tāutuhia rite te kararehe tōrangapū, Aristotle i tona pukapuka i runga i "Politics", kia whakatau nei Aristotle te tikanga whakaaro he tangata, a kahore he tangata e. I roto i te tawhito pa-āhua, tae atu Atene, ¾ he pononga, a kahore a tika ā-iwi te hapori. E tano ia tapao e kore tetahi o te tangata tohe Kariki i whakakahore i te mea hei akiaki ia o pononga, whakapono pononga iwi "i te natura te tikanga mo te subordination." I tua atu i enei, kahore e nga tangata whakaaro manene, me nga kaimahi. No reira, Aristotle, mea e te tangata - ko reira he kararehe tōrangapū, te auraa anake ki ngā mema o Huuri me utu motu. He tuhipoka iti: te wahine e kore e hoki i te tini o ngā tika ā-iwi, engari i te wa ano ko te wahi nui o te hapori.
Politics: te whakamāramatanga o Aristotle
Ka te korenga i te ariā o "tangata", ka taea e koe te haere tonu ki te whakamāramatanga o te kupu "tōrangapū", "tōrangapū". Etymology Kariki o te kupu, a reira i whakaahuatia tuatahi nä aua. mai Kaupapahere i te kupu "kaupapa here", e ko he pa i roto i Greece tawhito ki ngā wāhi ahuwhenua circumlocution, tona ope ake, me whanaunga takawaenga. Nä, i te mau ohipa katoa o te pa, hui, pōti, herenga ā-, arā, te iwi whānui katoa - ko tōrangapū tenei. e kore Family me te pakihi tūmataiti i roto i tēnei kāwai ngā. kitea Aristotle toru "matau" momo o te kāwanatanga: arikitanga, kāhui me te pule'i (nuinga ture). ko pule'i hoki ia i te otinga pai no te mea fakatahai reira te taonga o te oligarchy, te kāhui o te viivii ore, me te haere noa o te manapori. kia te pūtake o tenei "pai" o te whenua te ope (Kaiperu me Sparta i hoki ariā o Aristotle Me tauira). Ko "tōrangapū" i roto i te parau hao "tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū" - te tikanga reira "tūmatanui, viivii, whānui, ture."
Aha e te tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū?
ka rongonui tēnei kīanga i roto i te Māmá, ka ko reira i roto i te pukapuka faahiti Sharl Monteske - te philosopho French rongonui, me te theorist tōrangapū. I te tahi taime e taea rongo koe i te faaiteraa Kariki tūturu: zoon politikon. I roto i te whakarāpopototanga, te "tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū" parau kia matau e whai ake: anake te iwi i roto i te hapori whakawhanake, ka taea e te iwi te hanga rite te tangata. Kia kawea mai ki runga i roto i te iwi - he hiahia tūturu o te takitahi. I roto i te ngaro o te hapori e kore e taea e te tangata te ako i te mau viretu taketake tika mo te mahi tika o te kāwanatanga. He āhua pai Aristotle hoatu tiketike rawa i roto i to ratou raupapatanga o uara.
I roto i to tatou wa, ki te karanga i te tangata i te kararehe - e kore e tino pai, engari ka rite ki te taiao o ngingila Aristotle matau e te tangata i ia kua he parau tumu koiora, me e te pai. Na te whai te iwi i te ture o te natura, ki te ora i roto i te "kau", i waho ngaro te tikanga o te tangata (!) Tura me te hinengaro hauora.
ariā kāwanatanga
A paraparau o te kāwanatanga, te faaau nei tatou ki te polis Kariki nei Aristotle (rite, te mea, ko Platon) pēnei kore noa te mahi tiaki. Ko te philosopho whakapono e te whakaaro o te kāwanatanga, ko te ki te whakarite i te (ataahua, tika pūtea) ora hari mo nga tangata. Ko te oraraa o ture, me ratou hanganga ture ki te faahanahana o te tangata, me te āhua ano he mea ke atu, engari te tahitanga o te mau utuafare, puninga me kainga.
meka ngā
- Aristotle ko te Pythias wahine - kaikoiora me embryologist (mahi onge mō wahine i roto i te Kariki tahito). I muri i te matenga o tona wahine timata te tangata tohe ki te ora ki tona pononga, a i ratou he tama.
- Aristotle, i muri i te matenga o tona kaiwhakaako nui whakatuwheratia tona kura - Lyceum.
- Aleksandr Makedonsky rite he whakawhetai ki a koutou mo te matauranga tonoa mahi Aristotle o toi i nga whenua i raro i to ratou mana.
- Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te philosopho te akonga tuatahi. I roto i te tahi atu mea, ko te kaiwhakaū o te huarere me te hinengaro.
- Hoki te meka e whai wāhi ki te mahi a Aristotle civilisation Pākehā tenei ra, kia whakawhetai te Arapi, e whakamoemititia whakaaro o te philosopho, me te ata tuhi i tona mahi.
Pānga mō te Future
Te tangata e no ki te whakamāramatanga o te tangata rite te kararehe tōrangapū, hanga hoki te whanaketanga o te whakaaro tōrangapū atu i nga philosopho katoa me pūtaiao o te tenetere e whai ake nei. E whakaraupapahia wahi o te tangata Aristotle i te hapori, me tona tūranga, ki ngā mahi whakatakoto o te kāwanatanga, i te hunga whakahauanga i roto i te nuinga o nga whenua hou, me ara hanga he whakarōpū o kāwanatanga - a ko katoa tenei tika i roto i te pūtaiao tōrangapū! "Politics" Aristotle ako tonu ngā ākonga i te whare wānanga, mahi ia dissertations täkutatanga Written, a i faauruhia ona ariā e taua feruriraa nui o te mua, rite Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius o Padua ko Dante Alighieri. Ka taea te faahiti Aristotle kahore hoki e mutu, a matou e matau i teie nei e no te reira ki a ia e mea ana: ". Ko te tangata - he kararehe tōrangapū" Kaituhi o maha Ngā tuhinga whakapae me mahi pūtaiao rongonui tika kia huaina ki tetahi o nga tangata mohio i roto i te aamu o te taata nei ki.
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