Whakahounga kaupapa here nga tau o te kāwanatanga Russian Empress Catherine I., kāinga me te ke

Ahakoa te meka e totohe maha pūtaiao nui te tūranga o te tupono noa i roto i te aamu, e kore e taea te whakakahore te reira e Catherine kake ahau te torona Russian te nuinga i te aituā. Ture ko reira roa - he iti ake i te rua tau. Otiia, ara he wā poto taua o kingitanga, kua noho ia i roto i te aamu rite te Empress tuatahi.

O washerwomen i Empress

Maehe Skavronskaya, hohoro ka mohiotia ki te ao rite Empress Catherine 1 i riro, i whanau i runga i te rohe o Lithuania o tenei ra, i roto i nga whenua o Livonia, i roto i te 1684. mōhiohio tika e pā ana ki tona tamarikitanga reira. I roto i te whānui, i te Catherine heke mai 1, tona biography he pai rangirua me ētahi wā whakahē, kia rite ki te kotahi putanga, i whanau ki te whānau kaiahuwhenua. hohoro mate ona matua o te whiu, a ka ka tonoa te kotiro ki te whare o te minita rite te kotiro. E ai ki tetahi atu putanga, kotahi tekau ma rua nga tau i ora ai a Marta me tona whaea keke, a katahi ka kitea i roto i te hapu o te tohunga rohe, i ko i te mahi, me te ako ki te pānui i me te ngira. Kei te tautohetohe tonu Scientists e pā ana ki te wahi whanau te heke mai Ekaterina 1 i.

biography

Na te takenga o te Empress Russian tuatahi, me te rā, me te wahi o tona whanau e kore e tonu whakapumautia e kōrero Russian. Ētahi atu iti iho ranei āta i roto i te historiography whakapumautia putanga, whakakite ana ko ia te tamahine o te kaiahuwhenua Paratiki Samuila Skavronskogo. I roto i te whakapono iriiria Katorika kotiro ara matua, hoatu ia te ingoa o Martin. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, i whakaarahia ia i roto i Marienburgskom whare, i raro i te mātakitaki o Pastor Gluck.

Future Catherine i ahau e kore he ākonga pai. Na ko taku kupu e ko ia ki te auautanga maere rerekē Cavaliers. He he mōhiohio noa e ka hapu Marta e te tetahi rangatira, ka hoatu e whanau ki te tamahine. whakahaere Pastor ki marena ia, engari ko te tane, ko wai i he dragoon Swedish, hohoro ngaro kahore he wahi i roto i te Pakanga Northern.

I muri i te hopu o Marienburg Russian Maehe, hoko i te "taonga o te whawhai", i muri mai, i roto i August 1702, te tuarua, ko te rangatira o te rangatira kore-whakahau ano, a i roto i te rārangi o Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev. purepure ia ia, ka mau ki tona wahine korenga - he kaihoroi kakahu, i muri mai whakawhiti A. Menshikov. Ko tenei te wahi i mau ia te kanohi o Pita I.

Ngā kaituhi kei te miharo tonu uri kingi Russian aha reira i taea e hopu i te kingi. I muri i te katoa, ko ataahua Mata. Heoi, i te reira hohoro ka tetahi o ona mistresses.

1 Pita ko Catherine 1

Te 1704th Maehe, rite ki Siu iho, i iriiria i raro i te ingoa o Catherine I. E te wa i hapu ia. Future Empress iriiri Tsarevich Alexei. Ko wai i taea e ki ngāwari urutau ki nga mea katoa o huru, e kore Catherine ngaro tona aroaro o te ngakau. ako ia huru pai me ngā ritenga o Pita, ka tika i roto i te hari mo ia, a i roto i te maunga. I roto i Maehe 1705 te tuarua i rua tama ratou. Heoi, ko te Catherine heke tonu tonu ahau ki te ora i roto i te whare Menshikov i St Petersburg. I roto i te 1705th i kawea te Empress heke mai ki te whare o te tuahine o te kingi Natalia Alekseevna. Here kaihoroi kakahu matau ki timata ki te ako ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi. E ai ki etahi pūrongo, i roto i tenei wā te Catherine ahau heke mai te here i te hononga ka makona ratou tata ki Menshikov.

Āta, ka rawa tata te hononga ki te kingi. Ka kitea tënei e ratou reta i roto i te 1708. maha mistresses a Pita. Ia kōrero noa ratou ki a Catherine, engari i ia te mea e kore ia i tawainga, e ngana ana ki te urutau ki hiahia o te kingi, a hoatu ake ki ana he riri riro te wahi o. Ko tata tonu ia i roto i ona haurangi hunga haurangi, te faaiteraa i tahi ia nga fifi katoa o te ora puni, me te tahuri marie ki te wahine tūturu o te kingi. A, ia whai wāhitanga tika i roto i te otinga o maha ngā take tōrangapū mo te Catherine heke mai tamata ahau, engari i te kingi, he mana nui i runga i.

Ki te 1709-th te tahi tonu reira e Pita, tae atu ki ngā haerenga katoa. I roto i te pakanga Prut o 1711, ka i karapotia hōia Russian, whakaorangia reira tana tane heke mai e kore anake, engari ano hoki te ope, hoatu te vizier Turkish tona whakapaipai katoa ki te whakapati a ia ki te haina i te rangaawatea.

te faaipoiporaa

I tona hokinga mai ki te whakapaipai, nga rua tekau o Pepuere 1712, ka moea e Pita ko Catherine 1 1. Kua whanau e te wa ratou tamahine Anna, e riro i muri i te wahine o te Tiuka o Holstein, ko Erihapeti - te Empress heke mai, i te tau o toru me rima nga tau, i te marena faatere i te aata tahi kotiro. ka mau wahi te marena tata puku i roto i te fare pureraa iti, i no ki Prince Menshikov.

Mai taua wa riro ahau iari Catherine. ka anga ia ki te whakaae ki karere ke, me te whakatau ki maha piriniha Pākehā. Ka rite ki te wahine o te kingi reforomatio, Ekaterina Velikaya - Empress Russian 1 - e kore i runga i te kaha o to ratou whakapono me te manawanui he iho ki tana tane. I roto i te wā i 1704 ki te st 1723rd hoatu ia whanau ki te tekau ma tahi tamariki Heoi, Pita, mate te nuinga o ratou i roto i te aruaruraa. Heoi kihai i ārai ia hapūtanga auau i haere tahi tana tane i roto i tona haerenga maha: taea ora i te reira i roto i te teneti, me te moe i runga i te moenga pakeke, e kore te amuamu moka.

Kaiaka

I roto i te 1713, Pita ahau, e whakamoemiti te whanonga tura o tana wahine i te wa o te kore hoki pakanga Russian Prut, whakapumautia te Order o St. Catherine. fakafo'ituitui whakanohoia e ia tohu i runga i tana tane i roto i Noema 1714 th. I huaina tuatahi te reira i te Order o te Liberation, a i te tikanga anake ki Catherine. I runga i nga hua o te wahine i roto i te pakanga Prut kino-hū, mahara a Pita ahau i roto i tona Faaiteraa o te koroneihana o tana wahine i roto i te Whiringa 1723rd. kia manene ki atu aro mea katoa e haere i runga i roto i te marae Russian, kotahi tuhia aroha o te kingi mo te Empress. A i roto i te pakanga Pahia i roto i 1722 tae noa heua Catherine tona mahunga, a ka anga ki te kakahu Grenadier pōtae. pau ia ki tana parade tane o ngā hōia, mahue tika ki te whawhai.

Rua tekau-toru o Hakihea 1721 te poari o te kaumatua me te Hinota o te Russian Empress Catherine ra uru. Rawa hoki tona koroneihana i Mei 1724 te tuatahi i whakaritea e te karauna, i nui atu ki tona kororia i te karauna o te kingi. I te matenga o te wahine o te huru a te Hiha Pita whakatakotoria ia.

poutū

Whakaaro i runga i te mea i te waho ko Catherine, whakahē. Ki te arotahi koe i runga i te taiao o tona tangata, nga whakaaro o te katoa pai, engari te wahine, penei i te reira rītaha, whakapono ia poto, matotoru, me te pango. Oia mau, te ahua o te Empress kihai i hanga nui o te mana'o. i anake ia ki te titiro ki a ia ki te kite ia takenga iti. Ko te kākahu kakahu ia i te kāhua tawhito-pupuku, tino paparuatia nei ki te kora hiriwa. Kua kua tonu te reira i te rohe e i roto i te mua whakairo te ki te ngira i hanga o nga kohatu utu nui i te tātuhi taketake i roto i te puka o te ekara-ahu rua. I runga i te kuini i whakairia tonu te Order, he tatini ata iti me hongihongi. Ka rite ki haere ia, ngateri tenei taonga katoa.

haupae

Ko tētahi o ratou tama - Pita, ko wai, i muri i whakaaro te Tuhinga o o Evdokia Lopukhina kainga matamua o te Hiha he 1718 prestolonasledovatelem mōhiohio, i roto i te mate 1719-m. Na reira ko te kingi anake te reforomatio i roto i tana wahine ki te kite i tona mono heke mai. Otiia i roto i te ngahuru o 1724 te Empress tuatahi, Pita whakapae o he i ki te kāmera-tauira Mons. oti ana ia te whakamutunga, ka mutu ki te kōrero ki tana wahine: kihai i korero, ka rāhuitia te uru ki reira te. Passion mō ētahi atu mahi he patu whakamataku ki te kingi, i roto i tona riri haea e ia he pai ai i roto i i haere te torona ki tana wahine.

Na kotahi i runga i te tono mārama o tona tamahine Erihapeti, whakaae a Pita ki te tina ki Catherine - he wahine nei ko tona hoa rāua me te kaiāwhina i te rua tekau tau ki tonu hoki. A he marama ki te aroaro o te matenga o te emepera. I roto i te Hānuere 1725 hinga mate te tuarua ia. Catherine tonu ko i te ro'i o te ariki mate. I roto i te po i 28 th ki 29 th mate Pita i nga ringa o tona wahine.

Pikitanga ki te torona

E ai ki te mate o te hoa faaipoipo, e kore kua i te wa ki te whakapuaki i tana i pai ai whakamutunga, whai wāhi te whakatau o te pātai o te monoraa ka i roto i "Supreme Ariki" - te mau melo o te kaumatua, te Hinota, me nga tianara, e i kua i roto i te whare o te rua tekau-whitu o Hānuere. I roto ia ratou e rua ngā rōpū. Ko tētahi, arā, o te noho i runga i te tihi rawa o te mana o te kāwanatanga kei te kāhui, arahina e Pākehā-kuraina Prince Dmitry Golitsyn. I roto i te kaha ki te whakawhāiti i te autocracy, ui te whakamutunga ki te hanga i runga i te torona o Pita ahau - he mokopuna iti Petra Velikogo. Me ahau mea e te candidature o te i tino hira i roto i te piha haapiiraa kahurangi Russian katoa, te hunga hiahia ki te kitea i roto i te meapango uri rangatira te tangata nei ka taea e whakahokia ratou mau haamaitairaa o mua tamaiti.

wikitoria

Ko te rōpū tuarua i te taha o Catherine. Ko mooni ko te pakaru. Ki te awhina o tona hoa maoro Menshikov ko Buturlina Yaguzhinskii me falala ki te Guard, kake ia ki te torona rite Catherine 1, i roto i te kingitanga o nei mo te tetahi mea Russia motuhake e kore kua i tohua. i poto-ora ratou. Na roto i te whakaaetanga ki Menshikov, kihai Catherine i pokanoa i te mau ohipa o te kāwanatanga, ano, te tuawaru i tanguru 1726 i hoatu e ia te mana Russian tuatahi i roto i nga ringa o te Hupirimi Privy Kaunihera.

Politics i roto i te whenua

I whāiti ahau mahi State Catherine ki te nuinga noa te takiuru pepa. Ahakoa me mea te reira e ko hiahia i roto i te mau ohipa o te kaipuke Russian te Empress. I te mo o te whenua mau mano te Kaunihera Motuhake a - he tinana i hanga tata ki te aroaro o tona Maueraa ki te torona. Tuhinga reira o Menshikov, G. Golovkin, FM Apraksin, D. Golitsyn, P. ko A. Osterman Tolstoy.
Catherine timata 1 kingitanga ki te meka e kua heke takoha, a murua maha herehere, me te whakahekea. i tika ki te utu maranga me wehi take riri i roto i te iwi te tuatahi. whakakahoretia ētahi whakahou Catherine te tetahi tawhito, tangohia e Pita 1. Hei tauira, tino heke i whakakorea te tūranga o te kaumatua me mana rohe, i puta ke ki te kaha o te kawana, he Komihana, e ngā tianara me flagships. E ai ki te ihirangi o tenei whakahou, Catherine 1 i ratou ki te tango i tiaki o te whakapai ake o ngā hōia Russian.

whanaunga ao

A ki te mea te ā Politika Ekateriny 1 hēhē i te akoranga o te wā o Pita, i roto i nga mea te ao haere katoa i runga i te ara ano rite Russia tautoko te kerēme o Duke Charles Frederick, tama i roto i te ture a te Empress me tona papa Pita 3, ki Schleswig. Kua mauähara Denmark ko Austria whanaunga ki a ia. I roto i 1726, te whenua pātata ki te Vienna Union. I tua atu, riro Russia i Courland mana rawa, me te tamata ki tonoa ki Menshikov rite te rangatira o te Duchy, engari whakakeke nga kāinga. I te wa ano whanau Catherine 1 kaupapa here ke kua hua. Russia, he ātetenga tutuki i Pahia, a Turkey i te Caucasus, i taea ki te tango o te rohe Shirvan.

image tōrangapū

Mai te timatanga rawa o tona kingitanga e hāngai Catherine 1 kaupapa here ā-i i ki whakaatu katoa i te torona, ko te roto i te ringa haumaru, me te e kua te whenua kua i runga i te ara i whiriwhiri e te reforomatio nui. Te Kaunihera Motuhake a Supreme aroraa tonu he pakanga kawa mō te mana. Otiia i aroha iwi te Empress. Na tenei ahakoa te meka e kore te te ā Politika Ekateriny 1 tohua e tetahi painga motuhake mō te iwi noa.

Kei te tonu Kiki Ko tōna mua ki te iwi ki te tono rerekē. ka mau ia ratou, hoatu ana mahi atawhai, a mo te maha noa ka whaea wairua. I roto i te kingitanga o te wahine tuarua o Petra Velikogo i runga te whakahaere o te Academy o Sciences. I tua atu, i te anga Empress i te ope Kamchatka o Bering.

ka mate te tuatahi Russian Empress i Mei 1727. i whakaritea tona mono te punua Pita 2 - mokopuna, me te Regent - Menshikov. Heoi, tonu he pakanga kawa mō te mana. I muri i te kingitanga o Catherine 1, hītori mea, kua hoatu reira ara ki o Russian te wā roa huringa whare.