Hanganga, Kōrero
Pakanga Persian o Pita 1 (1722-1723). Russian-Persian te whawhai
pakanga Persian 1722-1723 gg. ka mau te reira i wahi i roto i te wahi te tonga-rawhiti o te Caucasus me Dagestan. Ko tōna whāinga ko ki whakahoki te ara hokohoko i India ko Central Asia ki Ūropi.
hiahiatanga
utua Pita nui whakarongo ki te ōhanga me te hokohoko. I roto i te 1716, ka tonoa e ia he ropu Bekovich-Cherkassky i Bukhara ko Khiva mā te Moana o Kapiana. I roto i te waitaua i reira tika ki ako i te ara ki India, te tūhura putunga koura i roto i nga taha o raro o te Amu Darya. I tua atu, ko te mahi ki te kukume i te Emir o Bukhara ki te auhoaraa, me te Khan o Khiva ki raraunga Russia. Otiia ko tino kino te ope tuatahi. i whakakikitia Khivan Khan Bekovich-Cherkasskiy titaria wehe, ka hinga ki runga ki ngā rōpū takitahi, whakangaro ratou. pakanga Persian o Pita 1, ko ano hoki e tika ana ki te karere i homai e nga māngai o Iharaira Ori i Syunik Melik. I roto i te reira ka ui ratou ki te Russian Tsar awhina. i korero a Pita ki te hoatu tautoko i muri i te mutunga o nga pakanga ki Sweden.
Ko te āhuatanga i runga i te rohe
History o Pahia, i tohua wawe rau tau 18 e nui haere mahi i roto i te Caucasus Eastern. Ka rite ki te hua, i raro ki te rohe takutai katoa o Dagestan. kaipuke Pahia te mana e te Moana o Kapiana. Heoi, e kore tenei i hoatu he mutunga ki te i te ngangare rangatira rohe. I roto i te Dagestan puta papatu tutu. Ratou āta ka whai wāhi, ko Turkey. ohorere enei whanaketanga katoa Russia. Ko te āhua arahina hokohoko i roto i Dagestan Te Tai Rāwhiti. Nā ki te mahi o Pahia i te ara katoa mau hatepea atu. kaihokohoko Russian parekura nui. kitea katoa o taua āhuatanga kino te i roto i te taonga kāwanatanga.
Ko te take tonu
Kaha tata puta i te Pakanga Northern, kua timata Russia ki te faaineine no te unga hōia ki te Caucasus. Ko te take tika te pahua, me te patu o kaihokohoko Russian i Shamakhi. Ko te kaiwhakahaere o te whakaeke ka Lezghian rangatira Daoud Bey. August 7, whakangaromia 1721 iino patu nga toa Russian Gostiny Dvor, he mea patu, ka whakamararatia atu nga kalake. Lezgins ko Kumyks pahuatia taonga e pā ana ki te hawhe te miriona moni utu.
whakangungu
ako Russian Emperor e patua Shah Tahmasp II i te taha o te Afghans i roto i to ratou whakapaipai. I roto i te āhua o te pōuri timata. He ko he fakatu'utāmaki e nga Turkey, tango painga o te āhuatanga, te whakaekenga tuatahi, me te ka puta ki te aroaro o te Russian i roto i te Moana o Kapiana. Faataime pakanga Persian i rawa meá. timata Teuteu i roto i te hotoke. I roto i te pa Täingäwai o Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, timata Tver hanga hohoro o kaipuke. I roto i te 1714-1715 gg. maheretia Bekovich-Cherkasskii rohe Kapiana rawhiti, me te raki. I roto i 1718-m hanga whakaahuatanga hoki Urusov ko Kozhin, a i roto i 1719-1720. - Verdun ko Soimonov. Kua mahere Heoi whānui o te Moana o Kapiana kua haaputuhia.
mahere
mahara pakanga Persian o Pita 1 i ki timata i Astrakhan. whakaritea e ia ki te haere me te rohe o te Moana o Kapiana. Here te mahara reira ki te hopu i te pa o Derbent me Baku. I muri i taua, i whakaritea ai ki te haere ki te awa. Heihei, ki te whakaturia ki reira te pa. Na ka haere te ara ki Tiflis ki āwhina Georgians i te whawhai ki te Ottoman Empire. Mai i reira ko kahupapa ki tae i roto i Russia. I roto i te kaupapa o te pakarutanga o whawhai i whakapā ki Vakhtang VI (Kingi o Kartli) me ki Astvatsatur ahau (Armenian Catholicos). ka Astrakhan ko Kazan nga pokapū o te whakangungu me te whakahaere pakanga. kua o te mangai 80 mara i hanga 20 matua. Ko to ratou tokomaha katoa 22 mano. People. 196 mongamonga pū. I te ara ki Astrakhan Pita kua whakaae ki te tautoko i te Kalmyk Khan Ayuka. Ka rite ki te hua o te ropu piri Kalmyk kaieke hoiho, taua 7 mano. People. Pipiri 15, tae 1722 te emepera i Astrakhan. Here faaoti ia ki te tukua atu 22,000 Moana i runga i te moana, me nga Tuhinga dragoon whitu (9 mano iwi ..) - uta i Tsaritsyn. Ko te whakahau whakamutunga o Meiha Tianara Kropotov. I te whenua kia rite ki Don me Cossacks Ukrainian i tonoa. I tua atu, ko utua 3000 Tatars. I roto i Kazan hanga kaipuke waka Admiralty i (katoa 200) mo te 6 th. Sailors.
Manifesto ki nga Iwi o te Caucasus me Pahia
I whakaputaina te reira i 15 (26) o Hōngongoi. Ko te kaituhi o te kupu, ko te Dimitrie Cantemir, ko wai i roto i te tiaki o te tari puni. Tenei rangatira e nohoia reo Oriental, i whakahohea ia ki te whai wāhi nui ngā i roto i te pakanga. whakaputaina Cantemir kakano whakauru hōtuhi Arabic, hanga he pūreretā motuhake. Kua te Faaiteraa kua whakamaoritia ki Persian, Tatar ko Turkish.
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi
timata pakanga Persian i Moscow. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakatere i te ahunga whakamua i runga i te kaihoe awa taurangi kua rite haere te ara. Na roto i te mutunga o Mei, ka tae a Pita i Nizhny Novgorod, Pipiri 2 - i roto i Kazan, 9 - i Simbirsk, 10 - ki Samara, 13 - i roto i Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - ki Astrakhan. 2,06 i Nizhny Novgorod, a mahue te marae ki te kariri me hoia. haere hoki ratou ki Astrakhan. ko nga kaipuke e rima rarangi kotahi i muri i te tahi atu i roto i. Hōngongoi 18, kaipuke katoa i roto ki te moana. hoatu tino i Count Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. tomo Hōngongoi 20 kaipuke te Moana o Kapiana. I roto i te wiki, arahina Fedor Matveevich Kooti Apraksin haere te rohe ki te hauauru. Na roto i te timatanga o August ki te ope ope Kabardian piri. I whakahau ratou e Knyaz Aslan-Bek Murza me Cherkassy.
Endirey
Hōngongoi 27, 1722 i reira ko tetahi taunga i roto i Agrakhan Gulf. marere Russian kingi mo te wa tuatahi i runga i te whenua o Dagestan. I te ra ano, ka tonoa a Pita he wehe arahina e veterans ki te hopu Endireya. Heoi, i runga i te ara ki te whakataunga o te awaawa i whakaekea Kumyks. Highlanders i piri i roto i te kamaka, me ngahere. whakahaere ratou ki te hoatu i roto i o mahi 2 rangatira, me te 80 hoia. Heoi, hohoro huihui te kapa, a haere ana i runga i te ino. I patua te hoariri, a tahuna Erdirey. Ua faaite te rangatira severokumykskie toe ratou hihiko tonu ki te mahi ki te Russian. August 13, tomo ngā hōia te Tarki. Here, tutaki a Pita ki te honore. aroaro Shamhal Aldy Giray ki te mea koi Russian Tsar, riro te waina, kai me te kai i nga hoia. Etahi wa i muri mai, tomo hoia te kainga Utamyshskoe, i tū kore matara atu i Derbent. I reira i patua e ratou i wehe 10000th o Sultan Mahmud. Heoi, whakahaere te Russian ki te utu rere te ope rite ki te hua o te whawhai poto. I tahuna te kainga.
Derbent
ko tino mateaki ki te hunga e whakaae ana ki te tuku, me te tino uaua ki te pehi atu i te Russian mua. hohoro horahia e tenei rongo puta noa i te mataeinaa. I roto i tenei whakaaro, kihai i whai Derbent resistance. August 23 te kawana ki te maha tangata tairanga tutaki tawhiti atu Russian i te pa. hinga katoa ki o ratou turi, mau mai i te mau taviri hiriwa Pita ki te kuwaha. ka mau tsar Russian te kawana aroha, a kihai i korero ki te tonoa ngā hōia ki te pa. Heoi, Kei tawhiti atu i te iwi katoa te pōhiri mahana, a te nuinga Shia. noho ratou i te tūranga fana'o, rite ko te mea nui rawa o te tikanga Safavid. E August 30 ka haere Russian ki te rohe. Rubas a whakatakotoria te pa i roto i te takiwā tonu o te rohe e nohoia e Tabasarans. I raro i te mana o Pita i maha hoki nga kainga. Hoki i te torutoru ra te tata katoa, e takoto i waenganui i nga awa, me te Belbele Yalama, oho ano ki ngohengohe ki te Russian.
Ko te tauhohenga o mana ā-rohe
ariki feudal i roto i Dagestan rerekē waiaro ki te ahua o Russian. Kua kaha Haji Davud kua faaineine mo te korero. tamata ana hoa Ahmed III ko Surkhay ki noho i roto i to ratou ake rohe, ki te tatari. i mohio pu ana Haji Davud e anake ki nga hoariri kore e taea. I roto i tenei whakaaro, tumanako ia e Ahmed III ko Surkhay te āwhina, i te wa ano e ngana ana ki te whakapai ake i whanaunga ki te contenders matua o te tsar Russian - te Turkey.
Otinga o te wāhanga tuatahi
e kore pakanga Persian fokotu'u hono anake i roto i Dagestan, engari ano hoki tata te katoa o Transcaucasia. timata te ope Russian ki te faaineine no te te whakatairanga ki te tonga. I roto i te meka, ko te rangatira o te wahi tuatahi o te haerenga. Haere tonu i te ara vero araia i moana, i hanga reira uaua ki te kawe kai. mahue kingi Russian he hoia pupuri i raro i Kānara Juncker i Derbent, a haere ana ia ki a Russia i waewae. I te ara i te awa. Sulak whakatakotoria e ia te pa. Tapu. Whiti mo te korero o te rohe. No reira, ka haere a Pita me tona ope ki runga ki te wai i roto i Astrakhan. I muri i tona wehenga atu, i whakawhitia te kupu o ngā hōia i roto i te Caucasus ki Meiha Tianara Matiushkin.
Rasht
Na roto i te ngahuru o 1722 te kawanatanga o Gilan whakawehi mahi Afghan. Latest tomo ki te kawenata ngaro ki te Turkey. Ko te rangatira o te kawanatanga tahuri ki te tauturu Russian. faaoti Matyushkin ki āraingia te hoariri. Ko nui ki te hohoro rite kaipuke 14 e tangohia e 2 matua ki te pū. Whiringa 4, ka haere te marae i roto i o Astrakhan, a muri ka haere mai tetahi marama i roto i Anzali. tangohia Iti ū te pa o Rasht i waho te whawhai. Te tau e whai ake nei, i roto i te puna o Guilan i tonoa ki te taonga i roto i te nui o 2 mano. People. Moana ki 24 pū. E whakahau ana ratou e Meiha Tianara Levashov. Fakataha, noho nga hōia Russian te kawanatanga katoa. Ko te kupu i whakapumautia ai mana ki runga i te wahi tonga o te rohe moana o Kapiana.
Baku
tonoa tētahi atu o Derbent Russian Czar ki te pa o Rūtene Lunin ki ha fakaafe ki tukua. Heoi, awe Baku āpiha Daud tono mea. kihai i tukua ratou ki te pa Lunin, a kihai te awhina o Russian. Pipiri 20, 1773 ahu Matyushkin mo Baku i Astrakhan. I te Hōngongoi 28, tomo nga hoia te pa. Power, pōwhiri ratou hoatu Matiushkin te mau taviri ki te kuwaha. I muri tango i te pa, kei ropu 2 caravanserais me whakapumautia te mana ki runga i ngā rautaki nui katoa. He mea tuku mai rongo e puritia Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey roto i te pa ki Haji Dawood, whakahau Matyushkin ki te tango ia ia ki tiakina. I muri i taua, tonoa ana teina e toru me te taonga ki Astrakhan. whakaritea Derge Quli tohe tenei i kawana o Baku. I faateiteihia e ia ki te paetukutuku o te kānara. Ka rite ki whakaritea rangatira mano i Prince Baryatinsky. Campaign 1723 Kua tukua ki te hopu tata te rohe katoa o te Moana o Kapiana. Tenei, i roto i te tahuri, meinga e pokaia nui ki nga tūranga o Haji Dawood. Ngaro te kawanatanga o Kapiana, ia mau ngaro tona kaha ki-te hanga anō i te āhua motuhake me te kaha i runga i te rohe o Lezgistan me Shirvan. ko Haji Davud i taua wa i roto i te tangata whenua no Roma Turkish. kihai ratou i whai i tetahi tautoko ia, no te mea i pukumahi ki te taumira o ratou ake raruraru ratou.
hua
Ko rawa angitu hoki te kāwanatanga Russian pakanga Pahi. I mau pumau te reira i te mana i runga i te rohe o te Caucasus Eastern. Ko te angitu o te ope Russian me te whakaekenga o ngā hōia Ottoman takoha Pahia haina i te tiriti te rongo. I herea e ia i roto i Petersburg. I roto i runga ki te kawenata o 12 (23) i roto i Mahuru 1723, ki te Russian haere atu ngā wāhi nui. I roto ia ratou ko te kawanatanga Shirvan Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Whakangaueuetia ki te tsar Russian ko Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Mai atu i roto i te wahi pokapū o te Caucasus, Heoi, i reira ki te kia mahue. Ko tenei tika ki te meka e i roto i te raumati o 1723 i runga i te rohe o te hōia Ottoman tomo. moti ratou Georgia, nga whenua uru o hou Azerbaijan me Armenia. I roto i te 1724, ki te Porte i hainatia Constantinople tiriti. E ai ki a ia, ka mohiotia e te ariki nui te rironga o te kingitanga Russian i roto i te rohe o Kapiana ko Russia, i roto i te tahuri, - tona tika ki te rohe o te Caucasus Western. I muri mai whanaunga ki te Turkey nui heke. I roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te whawhai hou paanga te kāwanatanga Russian te i roto i te haumi ki Pahia, hoki ana ki a ia rohe Littoral katoa o Ganja pukapuka, me te kirimana Rasht.
mutunga
wā whakahaeretia e Pita tona pakanga. whakarite tona angitu he maha rawaka o iwi, kaipuke me pu. I tua atu, i taea ki te haina i te tautoko o noho tata te tsar Russian. noa pahono ratou ki tona tono. Hei tauira, i ngā hōia Russian whakakiia pakanga Kabardian, utua e nga Tatars. Engari ka tangohia e whakangungu whakaritenga wahi mo te hahaereraa. ka mau te reira i kore ko te katoa nui te wā. O te faufaa ngā i roto i te pakanga i tatou kaipuke waka. whakarite ratou supply ore o kai. Rite i nui nga nekeneke Russian, me te rautaki. Hoatu e ko tauhou te rohe, i taea ki te whakahaere tata te rohe katoa ratou. Ka taea e ngā raruraru Big whakaora Russian Turkey. mahi ai ratou i te pēhanga kaha i runga i Haji Dawood. Ia, i roto i te tahuri, te awe i te Society me ētahi atu rangatira. Otiia, ara kihai tenei i taea e ārai i te whakatinanatanga o te mahere o Pita. Ki te kahore hoki te mau vero ngahuru i roto i te Moana o Kapiana, he reira tino taea e kua ia ahu whakamua noa atu. Heoi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hoki mai. rohe Otiia mana nga hōia Russian. I kitea te reira e rave rahi taumaihi. I roto i nga kainga me nga pa i roto i te whakahaere o ngā āpiha Russian i reira. I runga i te rohe o te Caucasus Eastern i te wa o te haerenga o Pita i Russia kihai i he whakataunga whakakeke kotahi reira. faingataa te āhuatanga kei te hoki etahi maunga otirā o nga Hoa. kia whai ki te hoatu ake ātete etahi o ratou, engari ka mau ki pūkete te ōritenga o ope pai ki te tuku. Te nuinga o te whawhai ka mau wahi i waho toto ranei ki te parekura iti i runga i te taha ki Russian. Ko te nuinga e tika ana ki te meka i mohiotia rangatira rohe whanonga o Pita me te auraro tenei. Ki te mea ia e kore e ia ngā hōia unga ki te tuuraa o ratou ake pa, na e pupuri ia te kupu whakaari. Otiia pakeke nui ki te pato'ii te riro Russian. Ko te wāhi matua ko te hopu o Baku. Ki te mahi Russian o te pa ka mau te mana o tata te rohe katoa. Ko te ärai tino pai, me te nui rawa. Ki te puipuitua o te wikitoria tata i roto i te Pakanga Northern, ara atu whakanuia te angitu o te pakanga Pahia tsar Russian. kia hoki kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau e i roto i te whenua i whaia te kingi he whakahou kaha riro āhua Europeanization. tenei katoa kua hanga tahi Russia whenua pono kaha, e whai wāhi i roto i te whanaunga ke ka whakahauanga.
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