-Whānui roa rererangi Russia: hītori me te whakaahuatanga o te manureva

-Whānui roa rererangi Russia noho te wahi motuhake i roto i te rarangi o te Air me te rautaki ope karihi o Russia. Ka whakamahia e Supreme Whakahaua reira ki te whakatutuki i te raruraru whakahaere, me te rautaki i roto i te pakanga hōia fakavaha'akonitinēnití me te moana.

History o te roa-whānui rererangi Russian

Ko te hītori o Russian roa-whānui rererangi Taketake 12/23/1914, ka puta Emperor Nicholas II he tikanga te whakatū waka rererangi o te ao wha-engine tuatahi o te matua hoia, i huaina nei "Ilya Muromets". Ko reira nganatanga tuatahi o te ao ki te whakakotahi i te rererangi piha taimaha. meinga e ia he rangatira matua hoia M. V. Shidlovsky, e piri te kaha rangi o te Tari Navy. I te wa, ko ia te tiamana mahi o te wheketere carload Russian-Paratiki, a ka hua, e ia te mīhini rangi "Ilya Muromets".

I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, enei rererangi roa-whānui rererangi Russia hanga neke atu i 400 misioni whawhai, tae atu i te poma o te nui whakaurunga hoariri rautaki me te wāhi Scouting ope drum whenua. I roto i te 1917, ngā te matua hoia o ngā waeine hōia wha me kaimahi neke atu i te rua tekau waka. i ngaro i te wa katoa o tetahi anake rererangi ngā mahi whawhai.

Ko te whanaketanga o te roa-whānui rererangi i roto i te USSR

I roto i te Mahuru 1917, he matua hoia o rererangi i ngaro. Aircraft tahuna noa, na kihai i ratou ka ki te hoariri. timata-whānui roa rererangi Russia ki whakahauora i muri i te Oketopa Revolution. i puta 22.03.1918 he tikanga o te Kaunihera o Commissars o People, i tukuna ki te whakatūnga o te manureva e Northern Group "Ilya Muromets" kaha o 3 wae hōia.

Ko tētahi atu wāhanga kounga o te whanaketanga o tenei mara o rererangi ka haere mai i roto i nga thirties o te rau tau rua tekau. I roto i tenei wā, te taitama ope Russian patu ki te hou kaihoahoa waka irirangi rererangi Tupolev me Ilyushin. Mai i nga ra tuatahi o te Pakanga II o te Ao rererangi Russian tawhiti pai te mahi misioni whawhai hohonu i muri rārangi hoariri, he aha kua meinga hei takoha faufaa ki te wikitoria nui i runga i te hoariri.

I roto i nga tau kaumātua, kua tae te whanaketanga o aeronautics rautaki te atamira hou. I runga i te ringa ka anga ki te farii i te manureva hou "Tu" me "IL", e kėia nei te mea nui rawa o te hou rererangi roa-whānui o te Russian Federation.

"Muromets Ilya" - rererangi rautaki tuatahi o te ao

I hangaia rererangi tuatahi o te ao ki te whai wāhitanga o tino rererangi kaiwhakanao I. I. Sikorskogo. Wahi o te take "Ili Muromtsa" - Russian-Paratiki wheketere carload. Ko te wā tuatahi ka mau te rererangi ki te rangi 12.10.1913, te rererangi noa 1918 hua arumoni i ngā akatuke'anga. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, te mihini 23/12/1914 "Ilya Muromets" i whakatōpū ki te matua hoia kotahi - rererangi whawhai tahi tuatahi o te ao. Ko te aha i runga i Hakihea 23 i roto i Russia whakanui i runga i te ra o te waka rererangi tawhiti Russian Air Force.

Manureva "Muromets Ilya" i whakamahia rite rererangi, whakaeke tirohia, ranei. taea anga poma kia whakanohoia e rua roto me waho, poutū haere te takere. i whakaturia srabatyvatel hiko, me te waru pū mīhini ki te tiaki i ki rererangi hoariri i tuatahi whakawhanakehia, ka whakamahia ki te fakahoko projectiles. I te mutunga o te Pakanga Civil, i whakamahia nga rererangi ora mo te whakahaere o poutāpeta me te pāhihi waka i runga i te ara Moscow - Eagle - Kharkiv. Aircraft "Ilya Muromets" taea tae te tere mōrahi o te 130 km / h. tae ratou tuanui teitei 3200 m, rere tawhiti - ki runga ki te 560 km, a ko te wa haere mōrahi e pā ana ki 4.4 haora.

Ko te rererangi "TB-3" - te tuatahi rererangi roa-whānui Soviet

timata te whanaketanga o te tuatahi rererangi roa-whānui Soviet i roto i te tau 1925. Kua i 1930, tona tauira, i i te ngaro tohua "popokorua-6", ka mau ki nga kapua. Ko te rererangi rangatū tuatahi "TB-3" hanga tona rere i roto i te 1932. I whakamahia ēnei rererangi rite rererangi, waka hōia, me te taunga mahi.

mihini rautaki "TB-3" Kua whakamatauria ratou i roto i pakanga hōia i roto i nga whenua ngā. I te mutunga o 1930, i roto i te hononga ki te whanaketanga o te rangi korero me te toa rererangi, mihini tawhitotia, a i roto i 1938 mutu ratou production. Ahakoa tenei, ki te rererangi rautaki "TB-3" te mahi misioni whawhai i roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao.

Hoki te wa production katoa o neke atu i te 800 rererangi o ngā akatuke'anga i hanga. He pai ake te āhuatanga hangarau he mīhini taua: tae tona tere mōrahi 380 km / h, te tātari i te teitei i taea tae ake ki te 7000 m i roto i tona whānuitanga o e pā ana ki 3 mano Km.. Ko te rererangi "TB-3" i ahei ki te mau ake ki te 2 taranata o utu poma.

"IL-4" - te pūtake o te roa-whānui rererangi i roto i te Pakanga nui Patriotic

rererangi-whānui roa, hurupoki "CDB-26" tīmata ki te kia whakawhanakehia i roto i te CB S. V. Ilyushina i te tīmatanga o te 1930. rere te tauira tuatahi i roto i te tau 1935. I hanga te reira o te hanga whakarewa totoka ki parirau duralumin cantilever. Ko te takere he āhua kaunuku a i te wāhanga ripeka porotītaha. Ko ake te tauira tātari ngā ki 3 mano. Km. ngā te waka o toru kaiurungi, ka māngai tona rākau o te riri ārai i e pū mīhini e toru. ka mau whakaaturanga Tauira wahi i roto i 1936, me te production papatipu kua taukei kua i roto i te 1938. enei mīhini i engines hou, tuku tere o runga ki te 445 km / h. Poma kawenga ko 2.5 ton, i ake ano āhuatanga ārai o te rererangi. Planes Russian roa-whānui rererangi, "IL-4" mo te tere me te rere ngā ko te pai i roto i te ao i te kotahi wā.

Ano, hoki te Air Force o te Navy i te pūtake o te mīhini taua i hanga tōkiri "DB-3T" tikanga te ki te whakangaro i ngā taumata manuao me fairways keri. ka Aircraft "DB-3T" te tauira papatipu Russian tuatahi e taea te mahi i etahi mahi i roto i te rohe.

I roto i te pakanga rererangi "IL-4" ko te pūtake o te roa-whānui rererangi Russian, e mau ana i roto i ngā marau i runga i te hohonu muri o te hoariri, i te taputapu taumata hōia me airfields. Hoki te production katoa wa i tukua atu atu i 7 mano. Putanga rerekē o te bomber rongonui.

"Tu-4" - te rangi kawe Russian tuatahi o patu karihi

Tonu i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua rererangi Russian pito mahue ki waho i te mihini e tika ana. Na roto i taua wa, kua hemo "IL-4" Air oko maehaa-engine ratou whai wāhitanga rauemi hangarau. Ko e hāngai ana te pātai o te hanga i tētahi momo hou o te bomber rautaki. Heoi ko te manureva "Tu-4" - mīhini kōkeke, i te mea he kape urutau o US rangi whawhai kaipuke "B-29".

tuatahi ka mau tenei rererangi ki te rangi i roto i te 1947, a i roto i te rangi o te manureva anga ki te rere i roto i 1949. Ko te whanaketanga o te take o taua mihini hoatu te whenua he rererangi hou, a ka kawea mai he momo hou o te feia faatere Soviet i roto i te rererangi rautaki. "Tu-4 'i he tere mōrahi o te 558 km / h, ko te tiketike o te tātari 11 200 m ki te 6200 ngā m. He mīhini taua he patu hou. Neke atu i te 11 tana o ututaumaha i taea te tango i runga i te papa i te rererangi Russian Air Force. riro-whānui roa rererangi he māngai ahurei hou he te kaha ki te kawe i runga i o patu karihi tona poari pērā i "RDS-3."

"TU-16" - te tuatahi jet airliner te roa-whānui rererangi Russian

"TU-16" Ko te tuatahi rererangi rautaki Russian roa-whānui rererangi he pūkaha jet. Whāinga o tenei mīhini - te otinga o ngā whāinga rautaki. Engineers Hoahoa timata Tupolev mahi i runga i te hanganga o te waka rererangi i te 1950, a kua 27 Paengawhāwhā 1952 ka mau te tauira tuatahi ki te kapua. I te mutunga o te tau kei te whakarewa te rererangi ki production papatipu. Mīhini "TU-16" mo te wa tuatahi piri nga rarangi o te rererangi rautaki i roto i te 1954

Ko te hoahoa o te rererangi āhuatanga e te aroaro o te waenganui-parirau kahakina me hiku o te āhua kotahi. Ko te takere o te rererangi ngā o rima compartments me he wāhanga ripeka porohita. rererangi fare āhuatanga e tapatahi teitei, kua oti wehea ki whakatauki a whakapūmautia karaihe Armoured me mau api tiaki. ngā rererangi kaumoana o ono kaiurungi. Ko te engines matua o te waka, e rua tāutanga turbojet o ngā akatuke'anga. Ka taea e rererangi kawe ake ki 9 toni o poma i whakanohoia e i roto i te wehenga kotahi. Hoki, "TU-16" taea ea rua whakahaeretia missiles whai parirau pērā i "CS-1".

Model "TU-16" Kua tahuri atu ki te kia kia angitu i timata te reira ki te whakaputa i rererangi reconnaissance hāngai "Tu-16P" kaipuke-taraka "Tu-163" me te rererangi pere tuatahi matatini Russian "Tu-16K-10." Ano hoki, ko tenei rererangi te tauira mo te rererangi jet pāhihi "Tu-104", i tīmata ki te whakaputa i roto i 1964. whakaaro te Russian rererangi tuatahi rautaki tākirirangi "TU-16" ko ki te hei rererangi roa-ora kāinga me te ke. ka mawehe atu te reira i i mahi i roto i te 1994 anake.

"Tu-95MS" - te pūtake o te roa-whānui rererangi Russian

"Tu-95MS" - he Russian roa-whānui rererangi rererangi rautaki hangaia mo te pere me te poma aro i runga i ngā pahoho i tetahi wa o te ra ahakoa o nga tikanga huarere. Mahi i runga i te hoahoa o te tauira kaipuke taketake "TU-95" timata i roto i te tīmatanga o te 1950. I roto i te 1956, ka tomo te rererangi production tuatahi mahi i roto i ngā o te roa-whānui rererangi.

Nā ki te tere anō-taputapu o aeronautics rautaki United States, ua faaoti te kāwanatanga Russian i runga i te whakatū o te rererangi hou e taea te whakataetae ki te rererangi American. I roto i te 1981, hono te roa-whānui rererangi Russian nga rarangi o te rererangi hou "Tu-95MS".

I teie mahana, te pūkaha matua roa-awhe rererangi ko te Russian vysokoplanom Air Force ki wha engines turboprop, e kua kei i runga i nga parirau o te pere-āhua. rite rawa te oko i te wae taputapu pārōnaki e e huri i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga rua honoa-rau wha hurirere. Kei te fare kaumoana e i roto i te takere whakamua, kua tino hiri reira. He he ano hoki te hoehoea me whare paku.

rite rawa pere i te taputapu hihiani hou, "Overview," i runga i-papa korero matatini, e ngā nga whanaketanga hou o Engineers hōia Russian, me te patu ino, me te ārai. I te kau e 60 rererangi "Tu-95MS" o ngā akatuke'anga te Russian Air Force.

"Tu-160" - "White Swan" rererangi Russian roa-whānui

Aircraft "Tu-160" Ko te hou kawe pere paorangi. I te ngakau o ratou hoahoa ko te āhuahanga taui o te parirau. kia pā ēnei māngai o te roa-whānui rererangi Russian whāinga nui o patu karihi o te hoariri, ara i roto i hohonu muri rārangi hoariri ki pakanga hōia continental.

timata te mahi i runga i te hanganga o te taua mīhini whawhai i roto i te tau 1975. Kua hangaia Engineers Tupolev paorangi bomber rautaki. Ka rite ki te hua, "Tu-160" i hanga - cantilever Pālesi ki te ōwehenga parirau āhuatanga tino, i reira i reira e wha nga tipu te mana. hoahoa rererangi taea ki a koe tuu katoa pere me te poma rākau o te riri i roto i te compartments roto taua. kauhoe rererangi - wha kaiurungi, e whakarato ana piha pressurized i te ihu o te bomber.

Kua timata te rerenga whakamātautau tuatahi i roto i 1981, a, i te mutunga o nga 1980, ka timata te hanga mīhini ki te haere mai ki te mahi. Ki te rā, te rererangi "Tu-160" kua whakaritea ki hoa ao te mahi rere pai. Ko te tere mōrahi o te mīhini i te teitei o runga ki te 2000 km / h tata te whenua - 1030 km / h. kia tae tuanui teitei Practical ngā rere 16 km -. Ki 13.200 mita i runga i te roa-whānui rererangi rākau o te riri Russian ngā o te 15 waka. E huaina ratou te "White Swan".

I roto i te 2014, whakanuia te whenua te rā nui - 100 tau o Russian roa-whānui rererangi. te mea i tuhituhia i raro nei i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Ra roa-whānui rererangi Russian Air Force

rā Hararei mo nga kaiurungi rererangi roa-whānui Russian ko 23 Hakihea. I roto i te 1999, i tautuhia te tikanga o te rangatira o te ra Russian Air Force Anatoliya Kornukova roa-whānui rererangi i roto i Russia. Rā Hakihea 23 E kore te mea he pai rawa tupurangi. Taua ra ano, te matua hoia rangi tuatahi "Ilya Muromets" i hanga i roto i te 1914.

2014 Ko te tau - 100 tau te roa o-ngā rererangi i roto i Russia. I roto i tenei whakaaro, i reira kua maha ngā wā motuhake. He hui nui i roto i te whakanui o te rau tau, ko te kitea o te maha o urupa whakatapua ki te kaha a Tūrongo matua o te Force Air. whāngai whai wāhitanga i roto i tenei tukanga te me te Poari o Veterans o Russian roa-whānui rererangi.

mutunga

I tēnei wā, roa-whānui rererangi i roto i Russia, whakawhetai ki tona Ratonga ki te fatherland, kua nga tika kia huaina ki te kaha a Tūrongo matua o te Russian Air Force. Tenei kōwae Ko te rahui rautaki nui o te Whakahaua Runga. Air wehe, e taea te whakaoti ngā mahi hōia, ahakoa o te wāhi matawhenua o ahanoa rautaki, ko reira he rererangi Russian tawhiti. 2014 Ko te tau tiupiri hoki tenei Air Force wae. I muri i te katoa, e te ka 100 nga tau i whakanuia te whenua mai te turanga o te roa-whānui rererangi.