ZIL-157: ngā me ngā whakaahua

"ZIL 157" (e te aroaro he whakaahua o te motokā i runga i te whārangi), he taraka kaha, i hangaia i roto i te wā Soviet i roto i te wheketere Likhachev, i 1958 ki te 1991. He te mīhini nga āhuatanga o te puku-wira katoa katoa-nga whenua waka, a na reira hāngai te production rangatū i i whakarite i te taraka o te Armed Forces o te Soviet Union. I roto i tenei take, e whakamahia ana he nui etahi o "ZIL 157" i roto i te ōhanga motu.

whakapai ake

I te tau 1961, ka whakarerekētia te tauira, ka riro taupū "ZIL 157K." whakaputaina te putanga hou o te motokā i tae noa ki 1978, ka oho tona production ki te Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), engari i raro i te ingoa o "ZIL 157KD". Ko rerekē i te tuku ake o mua, pono mamau kōpae kotahi te mīhini hou, he axial pai whakataurite i ki ara tohatoha kawenga me te telescopic ru absorbers. Taraiwa Kei te pai ake hoki mahi o te tauira whakarerekētia, nui haere te auau i 60 ki te 65 kiromita ia haora. Ko te putanga whakahoutia kua wātea mō etahi wa ki te kia maheni, "Zil 157" nei whakaahua kihai i whakaputaina ki hea, i whakarōpūtia rite tetahi taputapu hōia o te wa.

Ko te tinana motokā ko te turanga rakau hipoki ki te taha whakarewa wä roa e tiaki ki abrasion. Ko te papa huihui i paraharaha rakau, matotoru 20 me te whanui o te 80 mitamano. Hei hoahoa kaha tutaki hake roa rahi ki taiapa whakarewa. i eke poari mua pu me te taha, me te muri noho, reira tino te whakatuwhera i te tinana pūhara. Ko te kupu, ko te utanga me unloading o te hōia, me tetahi atu taonga kawea atu ngāwari me hohoro.

Mai i te ope i te ōhanga motu

Car "ZIL 157KD" i whakaputaina noa 1991, a kihai i te mahi o te motokā ke, te whakatau tino nga tawhā hangarau katoa nga whakaritenga o te mahi. A mai timata te ope hanga o te katoa-nga whenua waka i roto i 1966 i te tipu Likhachev "Zil 131", te supply o "ZIL 157KD" i roto i te Armed Forces o te USSR wāhanga mutu. Kei te piki te mīhini whakamahia i roto i te metarahi, i roto i nga pāmu me ngā, me te āhua ngahere. kua riro pono, waka whenua unpretentious te taputapu mahuinga ia i roto ngā mara.

Model "ZIL 157B" tarakihana kahore te tinana, ko transportation rawa watea i roto i te takiuru. te pamu mano whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i te mīhini mo te waka o rākau roa.

āhuatanga hangarau

Tawhā o te wāhanga matua, me te hahi, "Zil 157" tutuki nga whakaritenga teitei o te wā. Mai i hangaia te mīhini mo te Army Soviet, mo tona production kihai i tohungia moni. Ko te kupu, "Zil 157", te āhuatanga o e kore e hiahia ana ki te whakapai ake, kohia i runga i te ara nekeneke i roto i te take matarohia, hoki tau kahore te huri hangarau.

rite rawa te motokā i ki te pūkaha o te kaha toharite, me te tuku ki rima ngahaú puku, tetahi o e hono te wae tokonaki mai ki te tōnā, e rua huringa ringa o te mua, me etahi kakau wira waenganui. Ko te take cardan tuawha, me te tuarima hono te piriti waenganui ki te muri, i roto i te whakaminenga whanau takawaenga.

pahi

Wheels "Zil 157" i he Anga takahi hohonu, tata whakakore slippage. i whakaturia hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i te ahumahi automotive motu i roto i te taraka pūnaha whakararangi ki te whakahaere i te pēhanga mauiui. Punctures me rua iti i roto i nga wira e kore e pā te rere o te mīhini, kei te mäminga aunoa i te compressor te nui e hiahiatia ana o rangi ki te utu mo te kore o te pēhanga. Mai i te nohoanga o te taraiwa i taea hoki ngā kutētē tikanga.

Tires "Zil 157", i roto i ētahi atu, i hangaia mo te kaupapa i runga i te hukarere wahine wāhi reporepo ranei. Hoki tenei whakaaro i tika ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki 0.7 atmospheres. noho Wheels, ka whānui ratou mata. I muri haere te wahi hiato, mäminga ano te tupare ki runga ki te pēhanga noa o 2.8 atmospheres.

pūnaha tautauā

poraka puoto "Zil 157" ki te "koti" momo kati. Na roto i te komuhumuhu coolant koropiko. Te whakamahana i te hanganga tubular, rite rawa ki te ārai poutū. whakarato e ono-bladed wira tahi tautauā atu.

Na roto i te huakore whai hua meangiti pūnaha "Zil 157" Ka taea te pēnei ki te tūtohutanga o pūkaha iti pāmahana. I haunga te 10 i nga nekehanga ki te whakamahi i motuhake mō te tuuraa i shrouds mo wehenga engine, mai kore e te pūnaha meangiti tautoko te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana. I muri, kua te ine mahana i oti, engari kei te ngā tonu te kuhunga i roto i te mīhini tākainga.

Engine "Zil 157"

• kaha puoto - 5559 cm / 3;
• momo - penehīni, Carburetor;
• mana mōrahi - 109 hp;.
• maha o ngā ipurau - 6, i roto i-aho whakaritenga;
• diameter puoto - 101,6 mm;
• ōwehenga kōpeketanga - 6.2;
• meangiti - ārai makariri;
• rauemi - rino poraka rango, puoto upoko konumohe;
• e wha - mahi;
• tono 1-5-3-6-2-4 o ipurau;
• wahie A-66, A-72.

te tuku

tuku Manual, he rima-taahiraa:

• Tauira 151;
• whakawhiti - witi hua.

ōwehenga taputapu:

• taputapu rima (tika) - 0,81;
• taputapu tuawha - 1.00;
• taputapu tuatoru - 1.89;
• taputapu tuarua - 3.32;
• te whakawhitinga tuatahi - 6.24;
• Whakataka - 6.70.

Tufaki pouaka, e rua-atamira:

ōwehenga taputapu:

• te whakawhitinga tuatahi - 2.44;
• taputapu tuarua - 1.24;
• matua kakau puku tuku - kotahi, 6,67.

Āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga taimaha

• Ko te taimaha katoa 10.190 kg;
• roa 6684 mm;
• teitei: ki tonu, ki te hipoki 2915 mm, kahore hipoki 2360 mm;
• 2315 mm whanui;
• ara mua 1755 mm;
• ara muri 1750 mm;
• turanga wira 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• whakawātea whenua (whakawātea) - 310 mm.

akatuke'anga

I roto i te hanga o "ZIL 157" I hanga e tahi putanga taketake, e mahi he mahi motuhake. I tua atu, i reira nga waka whakaaro motuhake:

• taraka ahi ki te tank o te wai ki te kaha o 4.5 taranata, arawhata extendable me te piha rua mo kaimahi;
• motokā ki whakaputa ohorere whakaturia ki te tuku hiko ki poto ahanoa de-faaitoitohia.
• tauira ki whakapakaritia āraituki mua mō te kukume i te pana;
• cars rite rawa ki te wīra huri, hangaia hoki toia atu karapititia wira me te ara waka;
• tauira taketake "Zil 157", putanga 1958;
• tarakihana "157B";
• te tauira turanga mai 1961, "157K";
• tarakihana i roto i te 1961, "157KV";
• tauira turanga ki 1978 "157KD";
• tarakihana i roto i te 1978, "157KDV";
• putanga Tropical ki te pūnaha tautauā whakarei me karapoti whakamahana, "157YU";
• tauira kaweake "157E";
• tauira ki te taputapu tiaki, paruruhia - "157G";
• tauira ki te taputapu tiakina paruruhia mai 1961 - "157KG";
• tauira motuhake tāke wahie rua, rōrahi katoa o 300 rita - "Zil 157E".

i whakaputaina Tapeke 797 934 waka o akatuke'anga katoa, "te kingi o atu-ara", rite ki "Zil 157" tuku ki te taha o te iwi.

Ko te pūkaha hou

Ko te tauira turanga 1978 "157KD" rawa i ki te pūkaha, he waka pūkaha ki te kotahi "Zil 130". I nui haere kōpeketanga ōwehenga i 6.2 ki te 6.5. rōpū kōkeke - LINERS rango, piston, whakaturia o mowhiti kōpeketanga, maihao, tūhono tokotoko tino tono i te pūkaha "130". matemate ke pūnaha whakahinuhinu te horoia inaianei te hinu i roto i te tātari turai.

i tino nui haere te mana wai papu, eke alternator tino hou, kiato, wae pai. timata te wā whakakapi i te vysokooborotisty, nui haere te kaha. hoatu matawā Normal ara ki te whakapā me te pūnaha transistor pātīmata. tāuta te pūkaha whakahoutia i runga i "ZIL 157KD" i roto i te peka Ural o te ZIL.

"ZIL 157" diesel

Ko te wā hanga o te katoa-nga whenua waka, kihai i tipu diesel mana, e e kia whakaputaina i runga i te tauine ahumahi tīariari. Na reira, i roto i te USSR, i rite rawa taraka katoa anake ki motors penehīni. Heoi, "Zil 157" e taea i roto i te parau tumu e whakatakotoria D245-12S waitohu engine diesel, e kore e hiahia ana i te reira ki te whakaputa ke tetahi, whakapuru katoa e taea te ngāwari taunga te pūkaha tauranga me te pouaka predach. E mea titauhia anake ki tapahia te auau muri tautoko taiapa me te Weld i "Zil 130" ranei "131 Zil '. Heoi, ka tāuta i te pūkaha diesel Me rite mo sino wiri te mīhini katoa he anake te kino o taua ao hōu.

piriti

Car "Zil 157" ahakoa o te whakarerekētanga rawa te ki e toru o te taua taputapu momo rere. Tenei planetary, piriti semiaxial, ki nga Pārōnaki. Ko te ōwehenga taputapu o nihowhiti ōrite mō ngā kurupae toru katoa. E hangaia taiapa whakapuru mō puna rau porotītaha, ahakoa i taea e te whakatārewatanga he tāwēwē ki puna pōkai me absorbers ru waipēhi.

tikanga whakahaere Engari uaua, "Zil 157" piriti e e ite i te puai, i akina kaihoahoa ki te titiro hoki povyshayushie rongoā te aukati motokā pono. kaupapa kua whakawhanakehia, kua makona ohie, me te pono, e whai wāhi te tāutanga o absorbers ru waipēhi.

E piri te aho hawhe-katoa o te motokā ki te pahu maka-rino, e he wahi o te "157" pūnaha braking tino whai hua. Poraka o te ao rauemi "feredo" mahi flawlessly. Te motokā e kore tata te mahue tohu takahi ai ki runga i te ara, i maeneene me kahore tēpilé ia, e e te nuinga o tahi e inhibition o waka taimaha mutu.

hanga motokā

Ahakoa te tapatahi o te hanganga me te ora ratonga roa, "te kingi o atu-ara" ētahi wā wehenga. wahi Heoi, e kore e nga rangatira o nāianei manukanuka-whenua waka e manawapa "Zil 157" kei runga i te hoko i roto i te rawaka te nui. I roto i te wā Soviet, i roto i te whakarara ki te hanga o waka, rawa taraka, mahi wheketere mo te hanga o kete hanga. Na, ka rite ki te tikanga, wahi e manawapa whakaputaina i roto i ngā rahinga nui rawa tono tawhiti. ko nga utu o te ōhanga whakaritea enei, engari ko te whakawhetai ki a ratou i te reira e tenei ra ka taea e koe te hoko tata nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe ki te hanga i te waka.