Zu-23-2: āhuatanga, whakaahuatanga hangarau, photo

I roto i te Pakanga Patriotic nui o 1941-1945, fehangahangai to matou ope e ki tūkunga meapango e rua: he ngaro tata katoa o pū mīhini taimaha me tāuta anti-rererangi. No, airfields tiaki i ratou, engari ki te tiaki i maha te tīwae ope i runga i te haere tetahi mea noa. Ka rite ki te hua - roa, tata faatîtîraa-tau e toru o Nasí rererangi i roto i te rangi me te parekura nui i roto i te taputapu me te hōpuni.

Ko Ko te aha te tau pou-pakanga ki te whanaketanga o anti-rererangi puhipuhi maka i te pai kaimahi pūtaiao, me te hangarau o te USSR. Ko te hua o to ratou mahi, tae atu, ka te pū anti-rererangi zu-23-2, i puta rite ki te hua o te ao hou, o te mahara-23 ohie. Patu tu te reira mo neke atu i te 50 tau, me ona atu ona whanaketanga, i roto i nei i reira ko te mahanga (pū me te pere) zu-30, rau kore feaa tino angitu te whakaaro.

Te aha e haere mai i te reira i?

Na, i muri i te pūnaha katoa Patriotic nui o patu anti-rererangi kua oti te nāna oti, me te hanganga. Tonu, ka whakaae ai e te pū 25 mm, e tika ana ki to ratou taimaha nui, he pai anake mo te kaipuke. Te kaha rongonui hoki i te wa, e kore i nui ki te kawe i roto i motuhake "whenua" raruraru 37-mm ërä.

Otiia i te wa ano, ka ui wawe nga hoia iti-ërä repo aunoa i runga i te tauira o te hunga e i roto i te pakanga i tāutatia i runga i rererangi toa. Mau, ka rite ki te pūtake rite te wa, a ka tangohia i te patu rongonui o IL-2. Kia mōhio e reira e maha nei mano o antiaircraft zu-23-2 ka wae me 20mm analogues kore iti te pai-mohiotia atu i tona repo tawhiti "tupuna."

Kua i roto i 1955 i whakaurua te kaupapa anti-rererangi 23-mm 2A14 aunoa o. Engineers patua ana i roto i te rua whirihoranga: kotahi, me te rua. kotahi whakamutunga i matua teitei, a ko te kupu i whakaputaina i roto i te toru rerekē. momo katoa i noa te putanga ā-o te puku, rite rawa ki te titiro anti-rererangi paerewa zap-23.

faaoti te Komihana e te tauira zu-14 pai tutuki nga whakaritenga o te hōia. Ko ia 1959 "peia" i roto i ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakamātautau o ringa ngā i roto i te aua takiwa hōia. i whakaaetia ia ki te mahi i roto i te 1960, hoatu te ingoa o te zu-23. Whai wāhi i roto i te tau hanga tipu 535. Me kï hoki, e haere mai te tango tonu o hē tāutuhia katoa me "mate tamarikitanga" ka mau te reira i te 10 nga tau, a ka ki te tāuta te marama zu-23-2.

āhuatanga hoahoa

powered aunoa e te pūngao o ngā haurehu paura tohaina. Ko te kuwaha o te maukati oko momo poro i te tikanga o tona abutment "tereraa mau" i roto i te pito rawa o te kaiwhiwhi. hoahoa angitu o nga maunga kātua taea tona whakakapinga i roto i te āhuatanga whawhai i roto i te tika 15-20 hēkona. Ano he puku rawa angitu whakapae, me te poutū whai, rite rawa ki te pūrere puna cushioning.

Ahatia te kaiwhakahaere iti rawa te wa mo te arata'iraa ara tika. Ki te titiro koe ki te whakaahuatanga o te zu-23-2, e arata'i te kaihanga mōhiohio o enei pūnaha, me reira e taea kitea e koe i te kōrero e taea te tātai whakangungua whakatinana ara arata'iraa mō te 5-15 anake hēkona. A whakaratohia reira te whakamahi o te tikanga pūkaha o te ako! I roto i te kaupapa e kua ake te tikanga o nga hoia zu-30M ki Opto-hiko pūnaha, te hopu, me te aroturuki o te ahanoa e whakamana tata tonu.

I te taha ki te ritenga atu o te kātua e taea te whakawhiti i roto i te tika e toru hēkona! Ko te supply kariri - momo whitiki. Kei te whakamahia Metal rīpene, te rahi paerewa - 50 cartridges, e kua tāpae i roto i te pouaka whakarewa, ka taea ki a koe rere atu i roto i taputapu recharging. pouaka Ia ki cartridges rīpene, ka pauna i tata 35.5 kg. tāutanga Raho - pōro, rite rawa ki toru jackscrews. Ki te to ratou awhina, zu-23-2 humarie titia i roto i te tūranga puhipuhi.

whakaratohia te tūāpapa te ki te lug e kukume. I roto i te tautuhinga tūnga whakatakotoria tu i runga i nga wira e rua o te GAZ-69. He he he pae whakatārewatanga torsion, e te kaimahi ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kino ki te mea i roto i te waka i runga i nga whenua taratara. Tenei meka nui, pera i roto i nga wahi o pakanga kaha atu iti iho rori noa ranei noho tino onge.

Arata'iraa, pihinga i rerekē momo o ngā whāinga

Whai zu-23-2 whakamana e te whakamahi i te kua whakahuatia i runga ake zap-23 oma. Ko te whānuitanga o nāianei ki te ūnga e taea te whakaurua ki te whānuitanga o runga ki te 3,000 mita. Tenei mau 00 i te aronga akoranga me te tere whenua o te ahanoa aru e ki runga ki te 300 m / s. taea te titiro rawa pau ki te hoatu i te hiahiatia-mana hoko i mua, e kua he pānga painga i runga i te tūponotanga o te whakangaromanga o te waka rererangi pepe nei.

A, no te pupuhi i ngā taumata whenua te taua kia whakatikaina i te tawhiti o runga ki te 2000 mita. I roto i ētahi wā ka taea te whakaritea (tātaitanga whakamātau) ngā "i ringa", ko tenei te tikanga pārekareka ki te whakamahi i stereodalnomera. atu raraunga katoa i runga i te operator tomo te kanohi. Rawa nui Ko nga koki o te ūnga me tona Azimuth. No te mea o tenei, zu-23-2 (TTX ia tapaea tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga) ko te tino "ohie" ki he tātai pai-whakangungua.

He āhuatanga o tenei flak ko te meka e te-kitenga tonu hoahoa pūnaha zap-23 mai Titiro mō ngā taumata whenua T-3. Kia mōhio e te mea he aho motuhake o te tirohanga.

Painga o anti-rererangi

Oddly nui, engari te pū anti-rererangi zu-23-2 he rongonui kore hoki ona "rangi" taranata, engari he tono mata ko reira. whakamatauria pakanga rohe katoa o nga tau tata e he pai rite te tikanga matua o pūkaha raiwhara mangai ru tenei taputapu rite tetahi e tika ana ake e kore ratou mahi noa. Tuatahi, kia ZSU taea tonu tohatoha ki te tūranga tohatoha. Tuarua, ka taea e tauturu i te reira rite tonu e taea te tāmia momo katoa o ngā taumata kei i te tawhiti o te pere tika (he kiromita).

Tino maha, te hiahia mo te taua whakamahi o te zu-23-2 puta i roto i collisions ki ngā ope kōhikohiko o te hoariri, e ko, i roto i te akoranga o ngā mahi counter-kaiwhakatuma. Aue, kua meinga e ratou i runga i te 20 tau o mua i roto i te mau "au ahua".

Ētahi atu "ngā" hanga

painga nui o tenei tatūnga ko te meka e kore e rapua e te reira tūranga whakangungu mua engineering-. tatu anake nui atu iti iho ranei mata papatahi. Here kia tangohia ai ki pūkete te taea o kōwiri tīwiri, e taea e tika ki te hehema ara 30 nekehanga tahuri ki te waka rererangi pai. i ngā tino i roto i Afghanistan ko Chechnya, te wahi e whakamahia i te 23-mm anti-rererangi pū zu-23-2 i roto i te maunga tenei.

Kei te whakapono te reira e taea te tāutanga mārama waka arahi ki te tūranga puhipuhi mō te 15-20 anake hēkona. Mai i haere i roto i te whawhai - mō te 35-40 hēkona. Kua I roto i te mahi kua kï reira e, te mea e tika ana, te mahara-23-2 taea ahi i runga i te tere, i roto i te tūranga whakatakotoria. O te akoranga, whakauaua taea te huaina tika me te pū i te wa taua pai, engari ka pai ai mo te anō te whawhai.

Me wehe ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te tautuhinga ataahua o te nekeneke. I roto i te muka e taea te tango i reira tetahi waka ope, mai ara i roto i te puranga mahara tino weaponized he nui iti ake i te kotahi tone. I runga i nga huarahi e taea e tere hariata whariki ki runga ki te 70 km / h, me i te rori - 20 km / h. Heoi zu-23-2, he whakaahuatanga hangarau o nei tatou tapaea - he onge "ripeka-whenua" pu anti-rererangi.

Ko hoki te painga tino nui te maintainability rawa. I roto i te hanga whakamahia anake te kōeke māmā me te nuinga noa o te parahi, kia e taea te whakaritea hanga i roto i tetahi hinonga e kua i te iti rawa i te taputapu tino tahito, me te tahi atu taputapu.

Kariri, āhuatanga cartridges

Te kariri paerewa zu-23-2 ngā o 23-mm kariri. Projectiles whakamahia e rua ngā momo - BZT me OFZT (BFL). Ko te tuatahi - patu-hohonu whakataki hei tahutahu. whakamana ia ki te warhead katoa, ko tona papatipu ko 190, te wahi raro kei te tiaki mo te whakataki, hanganga hei tahutahu golovnaya-. OFZ, arā utu tiketike-taikaha ko te matenga o te papatipu o 188,5 g 90 mua zu-23-2 (whakaahuatanga hangarau o te tāutanga e whakaaturia i roto i te tuhinga) Kei te tino maha whakamahia tenei momo o te matā.

Fusing e rua whakamahi waitohu V19UK (i roto i te putanga mua - MG-25). Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake ko te aroaro o te whaiaro ōka-, i roto i tona haerenga - 11 hēkona. Ahakoa o te waitohu o te tītere, rite te propellant whakamahia 77 karamu o te paura kōeke 5/7 TSFL. Kia mōhio e rawa mo te hanganga o ngā raraunga kariri, whai wāhi e rave rahi'inisititiutí rangahau pūtaiao motu i roto i te hanga o ngā momo hou o propellants, e pai ai te kohi pūngao teitei me te auau o te parariraa.

āhuatanga ballistic o matā

Ko te taua hoki taimaha kariri Tapeke (ahakoa o waitohu) 450 Rawa, te tipu, me te mahi ballistic. Ko te tere tīmata o 980 m / s, te teitei mōrahi ( "tuanui") - 1500 m, te mōrahi whai whānuitanga whakangaromanga - ki te 2000 m Note:. I te momo kau o anga OFZ e whakamahia rawa uaua, no te mea kei te whawhai ratou te kaha o te whakaritenga hou e kore e whakahoki kupu.

Heoi, he rota o fakaanga zu-23-2 (ona āhuatanga, kua matou kōrero kē) roaa i roto i te kaupapa Chechen e rua: tahuri reira i roto i taua he tino painga hāngai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao tāone anga OFZ, rite to ratou he kaha rawakore ki puncturing.

Tikanga, patu te rīpene e te ture tohia: wha anga OFZT kotahi BZT. A i tetahi atu. MG-25 hoihoi, nei i te rota o tōnounoú, Kei te inaianei tino whakakapi e te B-19UK. Ko te take mō tenei e ohie. Tuatahi, tona te tūtohutanga ki te mata mātotoru he tino e ngákaunuitia ki taua o te tauira o mua, engari e kore e te wiki whakapahū i anga whakapā ki he maramara. Tuarua, kua reira pai nui tiaki makuku.

tono whawhai

Hoki te whakamahi wā tuatahi o te whakamanamana i puta zu-23-2 i roto i te pakanga Afghan. Ratou, e tika ana ki to ratou papatipu iti, compactness, i pai hoki te uhi rōpū iti mojaheds flue noho pai o te kawe me te knockdown. O te akoranga, te wāhi matua i roto i tenei takaro "Shilka" ...

He tika he whaiaro-tīhokatia katoa kaha nui Here. I te tuatahi o nga hoia "āhua-raro" whakapumautia "Zushki" i roto i te tinana o taraka, te whai ake hei wāhanga o tīwae ope, a ka riro te zu-23-2 i roto i tenei tūranga te whakaae ōkawa o te mana hōia i ngā taumata katoa. Tino maha timata ratou ki Maunga runga i te taraka Ural-375 me KAMAZ. I kitea ano hoki te reira e taea reliably rima zu-23-2 pūnaha anti-rererangi tiaki pāhia i hōia, ara i runga i te pehipehi nui, mooni "rerere" te hou rite wawe tonu.

Ko te take i te BMP-1, ki te pū, i i te koki hokiate o pikitanga, he rawa whai hua o tīwae korero ope i pehipehi o te Mujahideen i te maunga. Ehara i waho te whai wāhitanga o enei patu me te whawhai i whawhati i roto i ngā wāhanga maha o te Soviet Union i muri tonu i te parariraa o te whenua. Na i tenei ra, te zu-23-2 utanga anti-rererangi, he whakaahua o te mea i roto i te tuhinga, ki tonu o te "wahi wera" katoa o te ao. I roto i te whanaketanga tata e utu te whakahua puhoi pakanga Ukrainian i roto i nei ngā taha e rua kia whānui te whakamahi o "zushki".

A i roto i tenei take, i honoa e i whakamahia zu-23-2 anake hoki te mahi i runga i ngā taumata whenua. kahore he take iti mō te waka rererangi tātou anō i roto i te waenganui o whawhai nga rōpū o te pato'iraa i roa (i reira he kore ake), engari i roto i nga kainga huaki taiepa kua kï tenei patu ki te hei i te taha pai.

putanga hou

Aue, he iti hoki ona maitai katoa ara te tōtika kī o ngā taumata rangi, whakaaro, hoki noa 0.023. Ko ara raro, a tino te tūponotanga o hinga ki te rererangi hou (ki te haunga o te toparere).

Heoi, e kore kua te puhipuhinga o tenei tāutanga ngaro tona hāngaitanga, rite o täia anake te tokorua ka kawea ki raro tata tetahi rererangi. ara arorau - te tāutanga o hira pū aunoa me ngā pūnaha ūnga aroturuki. Ko tenei te mea e whawha tēnei wā e ngā tohunga KB ratou Tochmash. A. E. Nudelmana. i hanga to ratou mahi i te pūtake mo te putanga o tāuta anti-rererangi hou zu-23-2. Photos o enei tauira ki te wehewehe ngāwari, rite he ratou ipu tīmatanga hakari missiles anti-rererangi.

Hua o tauira ake

I tua atu, i te "zushek" ake e electromechanical pūnaha motors arata'iraa, marama nga mātanga hōu rohe mahi, he rangefinder taiaho, e taea ai ki runga ki te mita, ki te whakatau i te tawhiti noa i roto i ngā āhuatanga aritanga rawakore. Hoki te mahi i te po, i te pūnaha e taea atu te rite rawa ki te Atahanga waiariki, e whakawhiti rite radiation waiariki taputapu hoariri e rave rahi kiromita. Takahi, tenei taea ki a koe patoto i roto i ara he waka whawhai hou.

Mai i te hanga o te pū anti-rererangi hou i tino whakakorea tawhito titiro zap-23 i te hōia pū wāhi mahi. I whakakapi ia i te kōwae Opto-hiko ki atu pūnaha arata'iraa me te mana. kerēme Podolsky kaiwhakawhanake e rite ki te hua o enei hou katoa, nui haere te tūponotanga o te patu i te ūnga i kotahi takitoru e. Ko te tino "patua" riro kua he tauira zu-30M, te hanga o e whakarato ana hoki i te tāutanga o te momo ipu MANPADS "Igla", Stinger ranei te tahi atu, rite ki te kiritaki whakamutunga.

Heoi zu-23-2, nga āhuatanga o i i kōrero i roto i to tatou pepa kua hoatu, ara ki te whanaketanga o te whānuitanga katoa o pū anti-rererangi ohie, whai hua me te ngāwari. He ake, "zushka" taea te whakamahi ake atu i te kotahi tau mo ona whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana. mōhio hoki tatou e Poland, i roto i "rāpihi" i mahue he rota o flak, loto mahi i roto i te hanga i runga i enei tauira hou. kaihoahoa kāinga nui pouri e te meka e kore nga amo e ū ki te ture.

Te ti'aturi nei tatou e te zu-23-2 me tona TTHa whakaahuatia matou i o moni ki a koutou. Tenei patu - he tauira tino o te pehea, ki te hoatu te tīmatanga te pūmanawa o modernizing pū antiaircraft taea te whakamahi i roto i te Cold War me tenei ra.