A. S. Pushkin, "Mai i Pindemonti": tātaritanga o te ruri. History o hanga

I roto i te 1836, i mahi Alexander i runga i te huringa Kamennoostrovsky, whakaputaina i muri anake tona matenga. M. Yu. Lotman whakapono e taea te whakaaro te tahi mau irava o te raupapa i te keokeonga o te auahatanga o Pushkin me tona kawenata whiti. I roto i te koru kanohi he iti o 6 nga wahi (tangohia no ki reira etahi atu unknown). O enei, e tohua e tau Rōmana 4 rotarota. E paanga tatou i roto i te hua, "Mai i Pindemonti" (he momo - he maau), ko reira wahi tika o te huringa. Ko te tahi atu e toru o te reira - "mana pae tino", "te fakaakoako atu italiyanskomu" me "matua koraha, me te wahine, kahore tetahi he." I roto i enei mahi katoa, i reira e maha tohu fakalotú, me te Karaitiana. Heoi, kei te ngaro ratou i roto i te irava, "Mai i Pindemonti".

History o hanga

E tauturu te reira ia tatou ki te whakaheke te marama i runga i tona tikanga. He aha e taea te mea e pā ana ki te mahi o te moni ki a tatou? Ko te ruri "Mai Pindemonti" tātaritanga tatou e kawe i roto i tenei ra, no ki te mutunga nga mahi o te kaituhi. ka haere mai tona whakaaro, ka te predyval rohi pehe i roto i te whenua, kei tata ana St Petersburg, i te 1836, te taua tau hangaia e ia tona mahere i roto i te pehepehe oti. Heoi, anake i roto i te 1855 i tukuna ai he mahi "Mai i Pindemonti". Tātaritanga o tenei rā whakaatu i kore Alexander Pushkin ora i te wa (mate ia i roto i 1837). Ko te kupu, whakaputaina tenei mahi i muri i tona matenga. A ehara i te mea no te mea kihai i taua Pushkin hiahia ki te tā i te reira. I te anga ke, tamata ia tona pai ki te kia e mahue te aukatinga i mahi "Mai i Pindemonti". He tātari whakahaeretia e ngā kairangahau i muri tona matenga, fokotu'u e Alexander hoki reira ara ke te ingoa o tona hanganga.

Hoax Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina

E hehema ki te whakapono e te taitara e tatou hiahia i roto i te hua te nuinga o fakaangá tuhituhi tenei ra - he hoax. kahore ki te mahi ki te kōrero o te irava, te whakaaro o "Mai Pindemonti" te reira. whakakitea te tātaritanga i te kuputuhi i huaina tuatahi "Mai i Alfred Musset", Heoi, faaoti Pushkin ki te huri i te ingoa, no te mea te hiahia ki te kite i whakaputaina mahi. Aukatinga o te wa kihai i pai i ngaro te tohutoro ki te press e pā ana ki te kaituhi nui whaiāipo i France. Ko te take - te Hōngongoi Revolution, i tangohia e wahi i roto i te 1830. Nicholas kore ahau i hiahia ki te whakatuwhera ngā mokowā o te whenua horapa mōhiohio e pā ana ki reira. Ka rite ki te hua, faaoti Alexander ki te huri i te ingoa o mua, hei utu o te ingoa o te kaituhi French whakamahi i te ingoa Ippolito Pindemonte, punake Italian.

E rave rahi e whakapono e kore i kōpeka tenei kōwhiringa. E rua o enei kaituhi kitea te kaupapa o te haere noa. I tua atu, kei te korero ratou e pā ana ki te tangata fehangahangai mooni pāpori. Heoi, e kore i mohiotia Ippolito Pindemonte ki te iwi whānui Russian, na whakaritea e Pushkin ki te whakamahi i tona ingoa i roto i tona mahi "Mai i Pindemonte". Ko te kōrero o te hoax, Heoi e kore te mea pera mārama,. kia mea te reira e tenei ahua o te whakaaro (o te haere noa, te pato'iraa) he āhuatanga mo te katoa o te kaupapa tuhituhi, rite Romanticism. Ētahi kairangahau whakapono e nga Itariana, me te Wīwī e kore ritenga nui ki Aleksandrom Sergeevichem. tohu ratou i roto e te meka e te hē āta o te iwi whānui pānui - he tohutoro teka.

hanganga hua

Ka taea te wehea Poem ki 2 ngā wāhanga (etahi taratahi 3) e e whakahe ki tetahi ki tetahi. hero lyrical "Mai i Pindemonti" me i kotahi me te tahi atu, ko e pā ana ki te pūnaha o ngā uara ratou ora. Ko te kaipānui tuatahi haere i roto i te raupapa o negations o tūranga pāpori me ngā pūtahi tōrangapū. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te aukatinga, pakanga, takoha. homai tenei te pehepehe i te atarangi matarohia. Parau tumu, e whakamahi Pushkin konei i huaina "wehenga ngaio."

Ko te parau tumu o te wehenga ngaio

takoto Ko tōna ngako i roto i te meka i wehea te tauihu, kaupapa ranei e te maha mōrahi ka taea o kōwhiringa, e kua whakarārangitia i roto i te raupapa o whakaaro ōrite. Tenei parau tumu Ko he āhuatanga o te kāhua puāwaitanga, engari ira e pā ana ki lyrics tawhito rotarota. I ako ia i roto i nga kaitito Russian era o Pushkin, engari kua puritia ona overtones puāwaitanga. whakamahia te parau tumu o te wehenga ngaio te kore anake i roto i te wahi tuatahi. He hiahia i roto i te pehepehe e tata katoa i hanga ki runga ki taua mea e matou katoa. O te taua "wehenga" wha Ko te kuputuhi katoa. e tata'u mai Tuatahi Pushkin te mea e kore ia e amuamu, ka - Na, i nei e kore ia e hiahia ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i. I tua atu, Alexander ta e te haere tangata ki te hoatu i te pūrongo, "utu anake ki."

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te rotarota

Uara ite pai e whakaaturia i roto i te wahi tuarua. I tua atu, i konei korero reira tetahi o nga whakaaro matua o te rotarota. ta Pushkin e kore e kotahi "piri ki kahore hinengaro, kaua he whakaaro, kahore he kaki ki te tēpara," "mo te mana."

Alexander ta taua tangata katoa kua te tika ki te tikanga herekore tinana me te wairua, e kore e taea e nei te tango i reira tetahi atu iwi iwi ranei. He horihori atu tika katoa kahore tenei rūpahu. Ko te oaoa rahi o te hero lyrical ko ki te waiho i te tangata ki te faahiahia i te mahi o te toi, "miharo", "ataahua te taiao."

Association ki tawhito

E ai ki a SA Kibalnik fakaanga tuhituhi mohiotia, i roto i tona mahi "Mai i Pindemonti" whakamahia mārama Pushkin te anga puāwaitanga. Rua i runga i te taonga me te i runga i te taumata o te puka (Alexandrine) whanau feohi ki tawhito. Heoi, e noho ai anake i runga i te taumata o te whakamarumaru, ki te i te kore te ihirangi o te hua e puta feohi tawhito. tohe Alexander te tika o nga tangata i runga i te haere noa waho, me te roto. whakanui ia te oaoaraa o te toi, e uru tahi ana āhua. whakahē tenei katoa e ki te whai o te mana, hao ki horo'ai tona ora ki te mahi tūmatanui. I roto i te mahi a Horace, te rohipehe Roma, he whakaaro ōrite.

Handling Pushkin auahatanga Horace

Kua ana mahi paanga i roto i Pushkin i te tau o te whakaako i te Lyceum. te mau tumu katoa whakarārangitia i runga ake i analogs i roto i Russian rotarota 1800-1810 gg. Ko reira, i roto i ngā, i te rotarota o Alexander Lyceum, pērā i "moemoea", "pa", "Karere ki Yudin". Pushkin i roto i te wā wawe o tona mahi ki te waihanga whakapakoko Epikureana pehe, herenga nui. Kua iho rotarota tikanga o Horace kua paopao tino hohoro ratou. Pushkin i roto i te 1830 maha tahuri tika ki nga whakatutukitanga o onamata. oho ia i te pūāhua Roma, me te Kariki tikanga ki te ora whakapakoko i mua o Horace ki tona rotarota ake hanga i roto i te kāhua French.

Evolution o Pushkin i te whanaketanga o te kainga tupu auaha o Horace

Mana'o turai, tata ki te auahatanga o te kaituhi faaite i roto i tona mahi "Mai i Pindemonti" mana'o tonu o Alexander. Ko te tawhiti rawa i te tairururaa te āhua o te irava, na e ko e taea ki te whakaaro i te hoki mai ki tenei iho, kua roa kua whakawāteatia ake. Heoi, hoki te hanganga o Alexander te 1830 he nui atu āhuatanga o te tono tika ki te lyrics onamata (ahakoa pā te nuinga tenei ki whakawhitinga) atu i te Kawanatanga o ona kaupapa me ngā whakaahua i roto i te poro o te whiti o nāianei. Evolution o Pushkin i te whanaketanga o te kainga tupu auaha o te rohi pehe nui Roma i takea mai i te tohu i tahito ra mo te whakapakoko ora motuhake i mua o Horace i te kāhua French ki te tino tenei kaituhi. Ko e mo'oni, tuhituhi Alexander, "Kua whakaturia e ahau he tohu ..." 1.5 marama anake i muri i te hanganga o te rotarota e anaanatae tatou. He whakamāoritanga o te ode punake Roma "Ki Pompey Waru" e pā ana ki 1835. Ahakoa mua, i roto i 1833, i mahi Alexander i runga i te translation o tetahi ki tetahi odes o Horace - "Ki Maecenas." Heoi, ko te whakamutunga o enei mahi i kore i oti. hanga Pushkin he translation o te veesi 8 o 36. He ahakoa, ara i roto i taea te ata tenei irava iti ki te faitatau whānui o tenei mahi ki te irava "Mai i Pindemonti".

Ko te ōritetanga o te irava "Mai i Pindemonti" ki te ode o Horace "ki Maecenas"

I roto i runga ki te timatanga o nga mahi o Horace (i roto i te translation "uri Kings Pataloni ...") e korero tatou e pā ana ki ngā wawata tangata e te hunga manene ki te rohipehe. Ko te taua mea kite tatou i roto i te pehepehe "Mai i Pindemonti". ka mea a Pushkin e pā ana ki ngā tika tangata, ki nei e kore e rapu i reira, a e kore te e whakarite.

Kia kï hoki, me tetahi atu tāpiritanga ngā. I roto i te tono o Horace ki te riro i te mano a akina whiriwhiri honoa: te peu o mahi o te ahu whenua, i te haafifi i ki te ora ata, te weriweri hoki hopu me te whai o mahi i runga i te mara o te whawhai, werohia ki te haerenga moana tawhiti. I te mutunga kite tatou i te āhuatanga o te mahi o te juxtaposition o tenei kaituhi o tona kaupapa o te ora ki etahi atu.

ngā Composite nga mahi o Pushkin ko Horace

Te feaa, kia tuhia ai i te reira e kua ritenga ki te ode hanganga tuhituhia Horace te hanganga o te pehepehe "Mai i Pindemonti". I roto i te rohi pehe Roma te wahi tuatahi o te mahi, rite Alexander, i hanga i runga i te pūtake o te wehenga ngaio. Reira kōrero Horace e pā ana ki te whai o te tahi atu mau taata. I Alexander Sergeyevich he hoki reira e pā ana ki ngā tika, engari e pā ana ki te hunga, e kore nei e rapu ia, me etahi atu, te hunga i runga i nei kahore tetahi hurihuri matenga. Ko te kaituhi o te pehepehe "Mai i Pindemonti" whakawhanake kotahi anake taumu'a o te hunga e e i mahi kāwanatanga Horace, te mana. hūpeke tonu te pehe Roma ki te whakapuakanga o ona ake wawata. I Alexander mua Sergeyevich tau'a ai ngā ki "tika nui". I roto i te whakamutunga "pai" te wahi, e hiahia i roto i te hua e taea te kitea ōritenga taumu'a pārekareka toi me te āhua tatou.

Ko te hua rerekētanga i Pushkina ode Horace

Ki te whakaaro ki te whakaaro whānui e ko te iti rerekē Pushkin. I roto i te rerekē ki te tini o ngā wawata tangata whakapono Horace e anake te ara e e fakafo'ituitui taea kitea ia oaoa - whiti. Heoi, Alexander Sergeyevich "oaoa" he haere noa. e kore e hiahia ana ia ki te hoatu "pūrongo taata", "ki te mahi me te ki pai" ki ia anake. tenei katoa akapapu e te whakaahua, me te hanganga o odes o Horace "ki Maecenas" Alexander whakamahia "Mai Pindemonti" i roto i tona mahi. Pushkin, Heoi, pea ki anō-tahuri ki te hanga o te punake Roma. Te nuinga pea, ka ora taua te hanganga o odes me ngā whakaahua i 1833 i roto i tona mahara (i te mahi i runga i te iritiraa).

Ko te tohutoro ki te "Hamlet"

I tua atu ki te rotarota o Horace "Mai i Pindemonti" ka pā ki a Shakespeare "Hamlet." Ko reira e pā ana ki triplicate "kupu" i roto i te pehepehe o Pushkin. Ka whakamahia e Alexander reira ka hanga te wāhi e pā ana ki te āhua o no te mana ki te mahi tuhituhi. Heoi mau noho verbiage reira kingi, me te taupori ite ore.

"Mai i Pindemonti": te whakaaro

Pushkina hua te tikanga ko ki faaite te aroha o te haere noa, i roto i te pato'iraa ki te pēhanga ka puta i te rerekē pūtahi tūmatanui. I roto i te irava, "Mai i Pindemonti" kanohi he fakakātoa 'o uara i roto i te ora o Alexander. Te "iwi" me "mana", rite ki te turanga o te mātauranga, ātete nga fakatupu nui o toi me te ataahua o te natura. E kore e te pehe e hiahia ana ki te mahi ki te kāwanatanga, me te ta i tenei i roto i tona irava "Mai i Pindemonti", te tikanga o nei i mārama ki te katoa, tae atu ki te kingi. e kore e Pushkin matau he aha kia mahi i te tangata te āhua. Noatia, te rotarota i roto i nei kua whakahuatia tenei whakaaro, a tae noa nuitia, e kore i taea e noa ngaro te aukatinga. Ahakoa kore i te huringa ingoa awhinatia Pushkin, he huringa o te rangatira takaro i roto i tona manakohia. I roto i te 1855, kake ia ki te torona, Alexander II. Ko te ruri "Mai Pindemonti", te tau o te tānga o nei - 1855 th, i te aroaro tonu reira ki te iwi whānui.

Ehara i "French" fakafepaki ki herekore tōrangapū, me te whaiaro, me tino kore e pā ana ki "Italian" i roto i te pātai e hiahia i roto i te pehepehe tatou. te tikanga Ko tōna ihirangi kaupapa Russian kua roa i runga tetahi o nga wahi runga i roto i te mahi o Alexander Pushkin. Ko te kaupapa o te haerenga lyrical i te kingitanga o te faatîtîraa, me te parau-tia ore, e te mea i whakawakia ai, me te whakakāhoretanga o tenei rangatiratanga tenei.

"Mai i Pindemonti" me "mana pae tino"

Ki te titiro tatou ki tetahi meka, te fokotu'utu'u o tenei whakaaro noa mārama ake whakaatu i roto i. I tua atu ki te "Mai Pindemonti", Hōngongoi 5, i oti 1936 Pushkin "mana pae tino". Tenei mahi ko tetahi o te nui tino o Alexander Sergeyevich o nūpepa whiti. i ngā aro o te kaituhi e ngali kotahi meka iti. Kei te Kei te temepara, pea i roto i te wahi kahurangi o te whakapaipai Russian, whakahau nga mana ki te hoatu e rua kaitiaki ki te pū i te ripekatia. i te reira ki te kia meatia tōna tikanga i roto i te tikanga ki te karo whakama. Heoi, ka kite Pushkin tenei rite te tahi mea tino rerekē - he faaiteraa tohu o te vai atura, me te tinihanga o te mana kingi, taiepa nei atu i te iwi o te Ariki, ara i roto i tikanga fakalotu.

Ēnei ngā whiti e rua, hanga i te wa ano kīnaki tahi i te tahi. I roto i te puka rerekē o Alexander hora pūnaha pāpori, me te tōrangapū i taea ana i te wā. tonu Pushkin tona pakanga mō te haere noa i raro i te kanohi o te aukatinga, i te wairua o ratou "himene tawhito." tu ia rite te rangatiratanga pāpori, me te whaiaro. mārama Pushkin herekore rite te whakaaro ao.

Ko te mahi wetereo

Ka rite ki hoki wetereo, mōhio e kupu poto, e āhuatanga āhuatanga o te tīmatanga o nga mahi e ngā hanganga e toru-ahu, te aroaro i te mutunga. Ko Ko te aha te āhuatanga whakawhiti tangi varua o te ora, tata ki Pushkin, me te rārangi o nga hoariri o te haere noa, i runga i te tahi atu te ringa, uaua, me te ki raro, ki te whenua.

Mahi toi "Mai i Pindemonti", ko tona kaupapa ko hāngai tonu, rite iwi maha, te whakatupuranga rawa teina. I muri i te katoa, he nui atu āhuatanga o te hiahia mo te haere noa, te whakakorehanga o te mana iwi taitamariki. Ko te ruri "Mai Pindemonti" whakaurua i roto i te marautanga kura. haapii te reira i te whakatupuranga o muri o te mana motuhake me te uara pono.