"Admiral Ushakov" (cruiser): hītori me ngā āhuatanga

nohoia e te Soviet Union tetahi-ono o te whenua. Tetahi wahi e tika ana ki tona tūranga matawhenua, me tetahi wahi - āheinga hangarau, whakawhanake oko o te Navy i te whenua kua hoatu te rota o te wā. Heoi, kua mahi tonu te reira i roto i tetahi āhua nui.

Ko te tino roa rārangi o rongoā hangarau - Boats me fakasio, submarines, me kawe rererangi, te pūkahukahu, me te nui. Ko tētahi o enei ko te "ekara" ranei "Project 1144". Taimaha pere cruiser karihi "Admiral Ushakov" - he kaupapa tino nui, e kua kore whakarara i roto i tetahi kaipuke i te ao. Ko te pā ana ki reira, ka kia kōrero ona taumahinga, āhuatanga, hōia me raraunga hangarau i roto i te tuhinga.

Ko te kunenga mai o te ingoa

Me kï reira e kore i tonu kitea te ingoa "Admiral Ushakov" cruiser. puta "Admiral karawarawa o" i muri i te parariraa o te Uniana - i roto i te 1992. Na ka whai ia me tetahi atu 3 "Orlan" ingoa hou. I roto i tenei take, kotahi anake - te 4 - whanau te ingoa "Petr Veliky". ko te toru tuatahi "admirals". Te reira i Ushakov, Lazarev ko Nakhimov. I te huihuinga o nga rakau o te marae, ko "Kirov", "Frunze", "Kalinin" aua. cruiser wha ingoa tuatahi "Kuibyshev", ka, i mua i te mutunga o te hanga, riro ia he ingoa hou - "Yuri Andropov".

Ki te rā, anake te "Petr Veliky" kei roto i te mahi. "Nakhimov" Ko i runga i te whakahōunga. Ko te rua tuatahi kia tango hoki te wahi whakamohoa, engari mo te "Nakhimov".

"Orlan" kaupapa

Ko te whakaaro o te hanganga o te kaipuke, he aha i muri ka te cruiser karihi "Admiral Ushakov", kihai i haere mai i kotahi. kaupapa tuatahi rā hoki ki nga tau 50 o te rau tau whakamutunga. Na ka ka whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i rua ngā momo o kaipuke - i tetahi ki te waiho i te cruiser (Project 63), ko te tuarua - te kaipuke rangi korero (Project 81). Hoki ngā momo e rua o te powerplant rite whakaritea ki te tono pūrere karihi.

Kaupapa 81 Ko reira kuiti, me kua heke te mahi i runga i ngā momo e rua i roto i te kotahi aronga. I mahara te kaipuke ki te kia e kore rawa nui, engari i te kaha, me te rangi ārai, me te cruiser ohie. Kia aroha mai, te kaupapa 63 kihai i ora nui roa, a hohoro i katia hoki e ia.

Hoki ki te kaupapa "karihi" mai anake i te mutunga o nga 60raa, ka ki te Leningrad Central Hoahoa Bureau te hanga i tētahi "iti-utu" oko Tipene ngota. kia whai i te kaipuke, he displacement o e pā ana ki 8,000 taranata (mo whakarite, te kaupapa tino nui - te cruiser pere "Admiral Ushakov" - riro 24,000), te taea ki te whai i kore anake te tahi atu kaipuke, whakarato ratou ki te tautoko te ahi, engari ano ki te aroturuki i raro, ki te tika, whakangaromia pea kaipuke hoariri. Ko tētahi o te matua "maramara" i mahara ki te hei ngā Cruising mutunga. tūmanakohia ana te kaupapa tuatahi te ki te hanga e pā ana ki 40 taua oko, engari, rite tahuri reira i roto i, kihai i noa te ahumahi rite ki te tuku i te oko o tenei displacement, e kore ki te whakahua i tona utu utu.

"Toku Whenua" + "Orlan"

Ahakoa enei maioro, riro te kaupapa te marama matomato i roto i te 1144. Hangaia te mana karihi, pu, launchers tōkiri, a tae noa toparere unmanned. E tano ia tapao e timata te whanaketanga o enei rererangi i roto i te Soviet Union roa i mua i puta te whakaaro ki te Ameliká. Heoi, ko te kaipuke topatopa e kore i kite. Ko reira ko tetahi wāhi ōrite nui mo te reira "Kirov" (i muri "Admiral Ushakov"). neke cruiser i te kāwai o "aroturuki kaipuke" i roto i te kāwai o "kaipuke anti-waka ruku".

Ko te take i roto i te whakarara "Orlan," ko ki te whakawhanake i te oko pono percussive, he tauira o e waehere-ingoa i "toku whenua" (ranei "hua i roto i te 1165"). A i Mei 1971, ka ko kua kaipuke e rua whanaketanga patu, he tūhono nga kaupapa. whiwhi kaipuke Future te rākau o te riri pai, i mua i te whakawhanakehia hoki ia momo.

whakarewa

He tau i muri i te hanumi, o te hukihuki hōia tuku te te putanga whakamutunga. Na i roto i te Maehe 1973 i te Baltic whakatokia ratou. Ordzhonikidze cruiser whakatakotoria upoko. I roto i te putanga whakamutunga o te tauira i whakaritea oko 5, 4 o nei e hanga. Ko Me kï reira e te wha o nga kaipuke - "Petr Veliky" - ka tika te torutoru rerekētanga i ratou ritenga. I roto i ngā, kua ia he Cruising nui, pai ake anti-submarine pāorooro me patu, missiles ipu atu hou.

4 tau i muri mai, i roto i te Tau Hou o Eva 1977, i whakarewahia te cruiser taimaha karihi "Admiral Ushakov" ka haina i roto i te Navy o te Soviet Union. tohua tēnei tau i hoki "ekara" hoahoa he ano kotahi tonu te. I reira ka i roto i te Navy whakaurua he whakarōpū hou, me "Kirov" i te kāwai o te kaipuke anti-waka ruku ohie riro taimaha cruiser pere karihi-powered.

Whakamārama me te hoahoa

I roto i te hoahoa me te ka hanga kaipuke whakamahia whānuitia rauemi hiato i roto i te ao. No te mea te mahi tāpiri-whakawhanakehia te nuinga hanga o alloys konumohe-konupora. Te nuinga o nga patu eke i roto i te kei, me te kopere. katia atu pukupuku Armoured ruma pūkaha, toa o kariri, a tata katoa nga pou nui o te kaipuke "Admiral Ushakov".

Cruiser he forecastle whānui me te raro rua i runga i te roa katoa o te kaipuke. Mata wahi e rima papanga (ano puta noa i te tinana). I te tuarongo - hangar underdeck hangaia mo te aroaro tamau o toru topatopa. He te hoki te huarahi aranga ki te hangaia, me te whakarato wāhi rokiroki mo nga rauemi e tika ana katoa mo te rere. Ko te pūnaha aranga me te Standpipe pūihi "pūrau" Ko te take matatini i roto i te wehenga motuhake.

Kua whakatu i te hanganga o te kaipuke taua whakaritenga tiketike rawa mo nga otaota ahumahi taea. Tuatahi, riro te tauira whakamutunga o te kaipuke te displacement o neke atu i te 24 000 tana i roto i te tuarua, ko te roa mōrahi o te takere ki te kia neke atu i te 250 m reira ko te raupapa katoa o ngā whakaritenga e taea te tutaki tetahi anake te tipu i roto i te Uniana - .. Leningrad.

rākau

I mua i te kōrero e tatou e pā ana ki patu, he mea utu fakatokanga'i e i karihi-powered pere cruiser "Admiral Ushakov" ki te patu i te kaipuke, he rōpū kawe rererangi hoariri, hopu iho ka whakangaro mua, a, o te akoranga, te whakarato antiaircraft me (i roto i te heke mai) pere korero o tona rohe. katoa o enei mahi hoki, riro te kaipuke te rārangi o nga mea katoa o patu. Mai mo te whakamārama taipitopito o ia momo o te hiahia e kore ko te kotahi tuhinga, he mea e tika ana ki te whakawhāiti i te āhuatanga poto.

Ko te taputapu pānga matua te pūnaha o "Granit" - pūnaha pere antiship kei roto i te kopere. Kei roto te reira i 20 missiles ki te whānuitanga mōrahi o 550 km rere, warhead - karihi. 500 warhead kg.

patu Antiaircraft - tākirirangi matatini "Fort". Cruiser 12 He te whakaaro pahū 8 i roto i ia pere. I tua atu ki ngā taumata rangi taea patua kaipuke hoariri ki kaipahua te piha haapiiraa. Ko te pūkaha whakarewanga e wahi i muri i tona tukunga i te tipu e whakarato ana i te pahūtanga me te ahi tiaki o te kaipuke. ngā Flight - 70 km (whāiti ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere i runga i te kaipuke).

taputapu ASW ngā pere matatini "snowstorm" - 10 tākirirangi-mua. Pupuhi whānui - ki runga ki te 50 km, ko te hohonu o te whakangaromanga -. 500 m e whakamahia e rua rima-kōrere korere tōkiri I tua atu ki tenei pūnaha.

i runga i rahoraho hoki ko te maha nui o iti pū, pū me ngā pū mīhini e ono-tupara iti.

mahi tona whenua

I roto i nga mahi maha, me misioni whawhai, i puta mai i roto i "Eagle", he mea utu ki te haapapu tetahi i roto i i ko reira "Admiral Ushakov". Ko te cruiser i roto i to tatou wai, ka i roto i Hakihea 1983, kaipuke NATO, ka mahi i runga i te taha o Iharaira, ka anga ngā mahi hōia ki Hiria, a Repanona - nga hoa o te USSR. I whakahau te kaipuke ki te haere ki te moana nui. Tenei tīmata te pākiki. A, no te haere mai i te reira ki aua wai, a ka ki te ūnga ko he iti iti iho i te ra, mutu tonu kaipuke NATO pupuhi ka rere ki te rohe motu. Whakatata ofi atu i 500 km ki te "Ushakov" Ameliká kihai i maia.

Kai, Blogs

He kīanga i te korero tawhito i runga ko te whakamārama rawa pai o te āhuatanga ki te kaipuke i te ata o te rau tau hou. I roto i te 1989, ka ko te cruiser i runga i te mahi, pakaru tōnā matua. Na ka tīmata te raruraru ki te whakato te mana matua, a i roto i 1991, riro te rangatira whakahau: Me hua he tauākī i runga i te hanga. Ship moenga, engari i roto i nga tau o muri, i reira he kotahi anake hui nui - te poti whakawhitinga i roto i te Russian Navy me whakaingoatia i roto i te taimaha cruiser pere karihi "Admiral Ushakov". ka ao hōu me te hanga toharite kia hanga anake i te tau 2000.

Ko te tino hāngai ki te korero patupaiarehe tawhito te whakarau muri - reira katoa tei runga i te wahi i te piko. Hoki 20 nga tau (i te wa o te rota waka), ke tenei piko ona wa tūnga e rave rahi. Te ao hōu, te ora, me te ka te otinga hou, a tae noa hoki ki te Navy, engari ehara i te mea whakamutunga. Eaha te tupu i muri, a ahakoa tukua ki te moana "Admiral" Ko tonu unknown.

mutunga

Ko tētahi o nga kaipuke torutoru i roto i te Navy cruiser Russian "Admiral Ushakov" whakamanamana te tipu te mana i runga i pūrere karihi. Ahakoa tenei ra, i roto i te kaipuke ao he kahore firepower kaipuke i rite nei ki "Ushakov". Ko te putanga o te rangatira i runga i te pae i roto i te maha ngā take radically puta te toenga o te kaha i roto i te tahi mau āhuatanga, a e kia nui atu pouri ki te noa te whakaaetia te kaipuke o tenei piha ki mau.