Alexandrinsky Theatre: hītori, photo, arotake

Ko tētahi o te matamua i roto i Russia, te tuatahi State Theatre Alexandrinsky tonu o ngā moni ki te iwi whānui, me te aro tata o fakaangá. Ki a ia he pūkete motuhake: kia hāngai ai ki te paetukutuku tiketike o te Imperial Theatre, me te waitohu i te reira ki te kororia tu hoki neke atu i te 250 tau.

whakatupuranga

tamahine a Pita te kingitanga nui o Elizabeth tohua e te puhake o te ora ahurea i roto i Russia. I roto i ngā, ka whakaatu reira te tupu tere o ahumahi mea matakitaki, hanga he rota o whare tūmataiti, haere i runga i tour tira o kaiwhakaari ke, i tuhituhi Playwrights te whakaari tuatahi i roto i Russian. riro tetahi te hiahia hoki me te hanga o te State Theatre i te tauira o te tahi atu pane Pākehā. Na August 30, tukuna 1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna he tikanga te whakatū i te whare tapere emepaea tuatahi i roto i Russia. kitea e Na heke mai Alexandrinka tona mana mōhiohio.

whakamahia whare tapere Russian tuatahi te karanga a, ko ki tohu pukuhohe me te ati. Ko te pūtake o te kapa ko i Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, nei riro kaiwhakahaere o te kapa, me te kaitapere Rimitiriu, Volkov ko Popov. Kaitito me te kaiwhakahaere whakaari riro Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, nei whakaaro ko te tupuna o te whakaari Russian. Ko te pūtake o te wāwāhi ngā o whakaari French o Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Molière, me te mahi i kaituhi Russian: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. whakanohoia te aronga matua i runga i atamira comedies.

hanga o ngā whare

koa Theatre rongonui whakaponohia i St. Petersburg, engari tona ruma i ia, e haereere ana ia ki ngā pae rerekē, e mea faufaa ki te kua he whare motuhake. Otiia i muri anake 76 nga tau i muri i te taketake puta Alexandrinsky Theatre, te wāhitau o nei mohiotia inaianei ki tetahi whare tapere-kaimerimeri. I roto i te wahi tuatahi ko reira he whare rakau i mahi tira Italian Kazassi. Otiia i muri hinga te whare tapere, hokona te ruma i roto taonga, a ka kino pakaru e ahi i roto i te 1811, i runga i ona raruraru raruraru e te whawhai ki a Napoleon.

Otiia ahakoa te kore o te pūtea, i roto i te 1810 hanga Carl Rossi he wāhi kaupapa o hanganga. Ko anake i roto i te 30raa, i raro i Nicholas ahau, tino whakaara ake te pātai o te hanganga o te whare tapere. riro Carl Rossi te matenga o te tukanga, ka mau e ia tona kapa o kaihoahoa me Galberga Tkachev. Kua te hanga kua haumi te rota o te moni, me kua timata te mahi ki te kohuatia: kua hoki kua patu te turanga o te whare ki te whenua 5000 puranga, engari e whakatau whakapaipai ki te whakaora. Engari, parahi, me te parahi whakamahia peita me te rakau whakairo.

hanga te hanganga i roto i tika 4 tau, ko August 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Theatre, tona wāhitau - Ostrovsky Square, 6, kitea he whare hanga te kaihoahoa rahi o to tatou wa. arahina Carl Rossi kore anake ki te hanga, i raro i tona kaiārahi, i whakaurua ki roto ki te ora o te rohe kaupapa me te whakapaipai roto o te ruma. Alexandrinsky Theatre, e tenei ra kua he whakaahua i roto i te pukaemi katoa tūruhi nei tae mai St Petersburg, ko te tohu o te kaihoahoa nui.

Hoahoanga me te hoahoa roto

ka Alexandrinsky Theatre wahi o te nui-tauine kaupapa whanaketanga tāone i roto i Russia. Te paruru mua anga i te tohu ai Neva, kua hangaia rite te balconies hohonu o te 10 tīwae, kei nei i runga i te quadriga rongonui fungavaka Apollo. E ai ki te tāhei i kapi katoa te whare, he tupare Loumaile kei me kopare tapere. Kua whakapaipai te facades taha whakamahau o 8 tīwae. Ko te whare i roto i te kāhua Empire ko he taonga tūturu o St Petersburg. huarahi te taha ārahi ki te whare matakitaki i teie nei huaina te ingoa o Rossi, i te taha o te kaihoahoa o te ture i tahito ra tino hangaia reira. Ko rite ki te tiketike o whare, me te nui haere roa o rite 10 ngā wā tōna whanui. Kei te hangaia Street i roto i te ara, pērā i ki fakamamafa'i te kororia me te hanahana o te hanganga hoahoanga o te whakapakoko.

taea noa kite te roto o te emepera i te tae whero, engari kihai i te papanga i roto i te nui, me tona tikanga e nui whakaroa te whakatuwheratanga. Ko te kaihoahoa i taea ki te riria te rangatira - rite te whare matakitaki riro tona upholstery puru inaianei rongonui. Ka taea e te whare hāngai e pā ana ki 1770 iwi, i 107 pouaka, nga turanga, taiwhanga, me te taupee, homai hoahoa ngingila reira he Acoustics mīharo.

wā Imperial

I roto i te honore o te wahine o Nicholas ahau, ko te whare tapere i te Alexandrinsky. riro ia te pokapū o te ora atamira o Russia. Here ahu iho whakaari Russian, e muri e waiho te kororia o te whenua. Alexandrinsky Theatre i muri i te kitea tautoko te kaupapa here wāwāhi mua: tū reira te nuinga pukuhohe me whakaari puoro. Ko riro atu taumaha wāwāhi i muri, i konei e premieres Griboyedov pukuhohe "Aue i Wit", "Kaititiro" N. V. Gogolya, "Rautupu" Ostrovsky. I roto i te mahi whakaari i roto i tenei wā o te kaitapere rahi: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova me te tini ke atu.

Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 Alexandrinsky Theatre haere hoki te kamupene te mana, me ona mahi i runga i te par ki te whare whakaari pai i roto i Europe.

i tohua Early rautau 20 i te raruraru, e kore i taea e nei te karo i te Alexandrinsky Theatre. I roto i te 1908, ka arahina e ia i te kapa riro V. Meyerhold, e whai ana ki te waihanga i āna hou, engari i te wa ano āta tiakina ana te iho ngā. notemea e ia mahi ahurei: "Don Giovanni", "whakaahua ke", "Storm", e he masterpieces o te kura whakaari hou.

te wā Soviet

I muri i te Oketopa Revolution i 1917, i te whakapanga te whare matakitaki o whakakororia te mana emepaea, he uaua wa. I te tau 1920 ka whakaingoatia reira mua Academic Drama Theatre, a ka tīmata ia ki te hoatu kaha te whakaari hou, "nga rire Lower" me "Pirihitini" Gorky tākaro Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo me ara Lunacharsky (Commissar o te Mātauranga).

I roto i te kamupene, i roto i nga tautooraa o te tino kaiwhakahaere Yuriya Yureva, tupuni tiaki o rangatira tawhito, piri e kaiwhakaari o te kura hou: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao, i whakatahia te whare matakitaki ki Novosibirsk, te wahi tonu nga kaiwhakaari ki te tākaro whakaaturanga. I roto i te 1944, ka hoki te kamupene ki Leningrad.

Ko te pou-whawhai, me nga tau i aru kihai i ngāwari ki te ahurea i roto i te whānui me te mo Alexandrinka tae atu. Ko reira kitea ano mahi pai-mohiotia pērā i "Life i roto i te tae" e hāngai ana i runga i Dovzhenko, "toa" o BN Chirskovu.

I roto i te mahi wā kaiwhakaari tino Soviet: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev me kaiwhakahaere ngingila: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. E kore kua te whare tapere ngaro tona hāngaitanga, ahakoa fifi wä.

Hoki ki taketake

I te 1990 ka hoki ia ki tona ingoa taketake, ka puta ano te ao Alexandrinsky Theatre. tau perestroika hoatu ki a ia e kore te mea ohie, engari he taea te whare matakitaki kore anake ki ora, engari ano hoki ki te pupuri i te kapa me te kohinga ahurei o whakapaipai me mau tauhaa. Ngā mihi ki te mau tautooraa o academician D. S. Lihacheva, he taonga motu e mōhiotia riro Alexandrinsky Theatre. St. Petersburg e taea ki te whakaaro, kahore tenei whare ahurea. Ko ia he tohu o te whare tapere Russian, kia rite ki te nui me te Mariinsky Theatre.

i tenei ra

Alexandrinsky Theatre, e arotake e tata tonu te tuhituhi i roto i ngā te amipere, e ngana ana ki te pupuri i te waitohu i teie mahana. Mai 2003, tu i te matenga o te kaiwhakahaere Valery Fokin. puritia ana tautooraa i roto i te Alexandrinsky Theatre Festival te te taua ingoa. I raro i te kaiārahi o Fokine tū te hangaia anō rahi o te whare tapere. Kua āta ia e ko te whare tapere tuarua te scene, i hoatu nga mahi whakamātautau. kaimahi te reira i te pai kaiwhakaari me kaiwhakahaere. kite Theatre tona misioni i roto i te tiaki i te whakarerenga iho o te kura tapere Russian, i roto i te tautoko o ngā hou, me te āwhina i taranata.

ngā whare tapere rongonui

tonu i te wāwāhi Alexandrinka te pai o te tākaro, hoatu konei nga waiata katoa: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. I teie mahana, Ko nga mahi o te Alexandrinsky Theatre nga mahi pai o Playwrights: "Nora" Ibsen, "te tinana ora" e L. Tolstoy, "Malí" Gogol, "te Double" e Fyodor Dostoevsky. Ia tauākī Ko te hui o te faufaa ao. Ko te tino atawhai ki te kaupapa here wāwāhi Fokin, ta ia e reira e taea kia kore ngā kōpeka. Mission Theatre - Talafungani whakatö-, me te muri e te tūranga ārahi i roto i te Billboard Alexandrinka.

Ko te kapa o te Alexandrinsky Theatre

Alexandrinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg) mohiotia te puta noa te ao. I teie mahana, i roto i te kamupene mahi taua hōia o te scene, rite N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, me te iwi taitamariki pūmanawa: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.