Anthropology Cultural: ahanoa o ako me te hanganga

e kore e taea e tenei ako pūtaiao kia ahureitia tohu no te mea kahore he ahurei o tona tūhuratanga te kaupapa ake. Ko Ko te aha i roto i te tikanga hou o te anthropology ahurea kitea te rite i roto i te tikanga whanui, me te kuiti.

I roto i te tikanga whanui, tirohia tenei ako te noho tuwhera tonu o te iwi maha, me te iwi, i runga i te kei momo ahurea, āhuatanga hoki enei iwi. I roto i tenei tikanga, e kore e waiho te reira raruraru ki te mātauranga tikanga tangata tinana, i rite te pūtaiao ahanoa whakamahi matua whānui āhuatanga psychophysical sotaiete. mātauranga tikanga tangata Cultural, e tuatapapa i te mau faaiteraa ngā o te ora tangata i te wāhi o te tirohanga o ratou takawaenga o te iwi tangata i te natura, rerekē i taua o te mātauranga tikanga taumauri.

I roto i te tikanga kuiti, he rite ki tenei ako mātauranga tikanga pāpori, rite te arotahi lalahi o te rangahau i pakeke ratou te taua. Rua o ratou e ako, te tuatahi o te katoa, ngā pūtahi pāpori reira i roto i te ora o nga iwi rerekē me ngā hapori pāpori.

Ko te pea te meka e te mātauranga tikanga tangata pāpori me te ahurea i rite whakaaro huarahi rite tohu o tenei tuhituhinga. whakamahi rātou i ngā tikanga rangahau e, motu ke i a ratou, Kei te whakamahia whānuitia atu tikanga ā - ka hia kē, hītori, pāpori, hinengaro matawaka, tatauranga, me te tahi atu.

Mau te whakatutuki mātauranga tikanga ahurea enei mahi-hinengaro:

- whakaahuatanga o te tikanga, ngā tikanga, te reo, whakaaro, me te whanonga tauira o iwi rerekē;

- te ako o hinaaro o te whanaketanga o te taunekeneke o ngā wāhi ahurea me te iwi o ratou;

- whakaaro o ngā take e pā ana ki te ako o ngā paearu tuakiri o iwi me ngā hapori i roto i te kanorau ahurea o tenei ra;

- te ako o te orokohanga o te pūtahi ahurea o iwi rerekē, me ratou whakarite i roto i te taha wāhi-wā;

- pai ake te māramatanga o te ahurea o ratou iwi hapori ranei me tona wahi i roto i te kanorau ahurea;

- te ako o te natura, tikanga me mau faaiteraa o te pānga o te ari ahurea o te iwi i runga i te hanganga o te outlook takitahi o te taupori;

- te ako o te āhua o te ari ahurea me te matawaka i roto i ona āhuatanga whakahē katoa.

kia haapapu te reira i e i roto i te iho pūtaiao uru, te tikanga te wā "mātauranga tikanga tangata ahurea" te atu, matatau, i te taumata o-whakaako whaiaro, whakahuatia nei i raro i te whakamāramatanga o "culturalism", "kura hītori", kaituhi me ngā e mōhio ana Fr. Boas, E. Sapir, A. Kroeber, R. Benedict, M. Herskovits. Hoki tenei whakaako āhuatanga e whakamārama, me te whakatairite i ari ahurea o iwi rerekē i roto i to ratou taatoaraa mo te whakaaro o te whakarite. Tikanga rangahau e faatiti'aifarohia te reira na roto i te kohikohi kōrero e pā pūtaiao e hāngai ana i runga i te ora o te iwi (hapori), tona whakarōpū, whakarōpū huri noa etahi āhuatanga ārahi me te whakanui i te āhuatanga ngoi. Ka rite ki te hua o te huarahi pūtaiao, riro ahurea, me te mea turanga mâro-o te ora mo tetahi iwi pāpori ranei.

Ka rite ki te ako pūtaiao, te āhuatanga i tēnei āhuatanga e:

- he whakakāhoretanga koi o te kukuwhatanga i whānui, me te ahua o te whanaketanga ahurea o iwi i roto i ngā;

- korerotia feliliuaki ahurea - te hiahia ki te arotake i te pānga o te ahurea i runga i te pūtake o ngā uara me ngā paearu o tenei tikanga rawa;

- tokanga makehe ki te raruraru o te pāhekoheko o "iwi - ahurea", te wahi e kore e tangohia te tūranga kei i te hapori e karapoti ana katoa;

- reducibility o ari ahurea katoa ki te tapatahi etahi, e taea kahore uaua ki te tāutu i te iwi tohuira ahurea, me te whakarite i te reira ki te ētahi atu.

Ko te kupu, tenei ako ko te tïpako matatini i roto i nei whakaritea matatini te rite te liunga o huarahi ki te wehenga kaupapa o te rangahau, me te kanorau o te tikanga o te whiwhi matauranga. Huri i te reira i roto i e tūhura mātauranga tikanga ahurea i te whānui o ngā take whānui.