"Ash" (submarine). Multipurpose submarines karihi o Project 885 "Ash"

Ka rite ki taputapu atu hōia, mua wehea mua o te ao e te whakatupuranga o nga tau tuku. Mai i te "Nautilus" me "Leninsky Komsomol" ki hou pere-e mau ana-whakaaro maha iti-haruru "Moana Wolf" me "Boreas" kore haere anake ono tekau tau, kua i roto i kua puta ke tenei wa ki te wha-whakatupuranga ruku kaipuke karihi-powered. I runga i nga ringa o te Russian Navy ko kē "Severodvinsk" (K-560) Kaupapa 885 "Ash", he waka ruku ki te tipu te mana karihi o te wha o nga whakatupuranga. Whakatakotoria atu e toru kaipuke rite ( "Kazan", "Novosibirsk" me "Krasnoyarsk"), i runga i te tikanga o toru. Ka riro te reira i te iti rawa kotahi tekau ki te mutunga o te tekau tau, āhua. ka haere mai nga rakau atu he waka ruku karihi hou, photo, riro tenei hui, whakaputaina nga pāpāho huri noa te ao, i ētahi wā ki te kōrero āwhina, engari ake hei faahoho'araa o te mahi hōia tipu i roto i Russia. Pea tenei tirohanga e tika ai, me to matou whenua, kaingārahu,, e whakaatu ana kaitaua whakaaro? E koe ki te whakarite, mo te tauira, rahinga o pūtea hōia, me te kaipuke hanganga.

Whāinga me Whāinga

Ko te āhuatanga o nāianei i roto i te ao, ahakoa te kore o te aroraa wä kino ake ki te taumata "wera", i rite nei ki te wā i mua i-te pakanga, te tumanako o te raruraru pere Cuban. kaupapa here motuhake whaia e te kaiārahi o ngā ngākau nuitanga ka hāpaitia e a Russia i te korero o te whenua, ai ritenga "hoa Western." I runga i te tauira o te tahi mau whenua, haea e pakanga ā-, kē atu ōhanga tino pahuatanga, ka taea e tetahi te whakawa i te whakaaro, me hiahia o nga ope waho ki te tango i tetahi mehua, tae atu wawaotanga hōia tika, i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatutuki i ā rātou whāinga. wāhanga Takitaro taua mahi pukuriri protrudes pēhanga takawaenga, aru e tuma o te kaha. Ko te hōia pūtea o te USA he nui, kei te pono e haere mai i te reira ki te taumata arorangi me te tuatahi o 700 piriona. Tara. Te Russian Federation taea kore korero moni kia nui te moni, kia utu iti iho i te te nui i roto i te whakautu ki te riri o asymmetrical. Mua "Ash" kaupapa - he tauira o te huarahi rautaki, i raro i i tae örite maitai manakohia kahore riaka pūtea. Ahakoa kore te kerēme i te hunga cheap ratou, rawa, taea.

Ko te hītori o te wha o nga whakatupuranga

Ko te ahua whānui o te wha-whakatupuranga submarines karihi, i roto i te whānui, i hanga i roto i te mutunga o nga fitungofulú. Ahakoa kahore e te aroraa i waenganui i nga superpowers e rua masked e korero e pā ana ki te painga o te manapori, ko reira o tino hāngai pakanga tūturu i waenganui i rua ngā pūnaha tōrangapū, me te ōhanga. Ko te US patu matua manuao ko te kawe rererangi, personified te mana hōia Western katoa. Ko te tuarua "hoari" e whakawehi ana te Soviet Union, i titiro rite te Pirimia League. I roto i te hononga ki enei tūkunga raruraru e rua submarine karihi o te whakatupuranga hou i roto i repelling fakaaoao taea takahi taea whai rua whāinga matua: te whawhai ki kawe rererangi taimaha, i haere atu ki te hoia, me whakangaro submarines hoariri. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri i tētahi atu mahi nui: te tono o te utu whai. hanga e te Soviet Union he tukupā ki te tuatahi patu karihi kore e tono. whakaritea te reira ki te hanga i tetahi atu momo o te kaipuke raro, ao, tuku ano ki rite te-whakaaro maha. Ko reira ki taua, me te he submarines o Project 885 "Ash", whakaurua i roto i te whakarewa i muri i te mimiti haere o te USSR, i roto i te rau tau XXI. Kua puta ke te pūnaha tōrangapū i roto i te whenua. noho te taua hoariri Potential.

Whakakotahitanga me te universalization

CB "malachite" i roto i te Soviet Union i roto i te rima tekau rave i roto i te whanaketanga o mua hou ki toko karihi. I whakawhanakehia e te submarine hou tika konei i roto i Leningrad. te wha-whakatupuranga taputapu ko kore anake te tau o ngā tuhinga tuku engineering. whakaaro auaha tono he rota, a ka he te ariā i roto i te natura ratou, ka pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau motuhake. nana te Soviet Navy maha kaupapa mua, te uaua reira mo ratou tiaki, whakangungu waka, hanga, me te hanga ano. He ko tino arorau whakaaro e hāngai ana ki te whakakotahi i te waka ruku hoahoa kia taea te mahi i te reira i te maha o ngā mahi, i mua e wātea ana anake hoki kaipuke motuhake, i te iti rawa i runga i te pūtake o te tauira kotahi ki te taea ki te hanga i ngā wae mō ngā take ranei. (Tamata te moni a te iwi i roto i te Soviet Union ki te whakaora) tenei submarine karihi-powered me iti, ka māmā whakangungu waka te.

tinana hawhe - te reira rite?

Tikanga PL, hinuheu ranei karihi hangaia i whakaritenga puāwaitanga ngā o te tinana totoka kei roto e tika ana katoa mo te mahi o te misioni whawhai, me anga te marama uhi i te tāke whakataimaha. E, o te akoranga, me te cruiser raro multihull ( "mango", mo te tauira), engari he ratou tino nui, me te utu, na ratou te whakamahi ko tino motuhake, me te raruraru i tika i roto i te hanga o te kaipuke-whakaaro maha. Kei te hanga E ai ki te kaupapa taketake o te kaupapa "Ash". Ko te submarine he hawhe anga. Eaha te auraa? O te akoranga, e taea ana e ia ki te tapahi i te tinana mārō, kei reira nga patu katoa, taputapu me ngā mīhini, ngā pūrere mana, he pūrere karihi, me te rota o te tahi atu mea, tae atu i te waka. Otiia ki te anga waho o nga Engineers o KB "malachite" mahi maia. hipokina ratou te ihu anake o te kaipuke, e kore tatau tāpiri-i runga i pākoro pere. Kei mua tank whakataimaha matua te i roto i te intercase wāhi, kotahi tekau tohaina e whai ake: 5 te ChB whakaritea i roto i te wehenga whitu, me te 4 (me anō hangaia mō te rumaki tere) i roto i te rima o te pere. Ipu, ki tonu i te rangi te wai ranei, tangohia ake te annulus niao taputapu me patu. Otiia kihai i nga pahi āhuatanga tahora iti.

piere

I roto i te ono o nga wehenga ko te "ngakau" o te kaipuke, pūrere karihi. Ko reira konei e tuku moni nui o te pūngao waiariki, te mamaoa whakawera e pei nga kapohau. E rite rawa mua "Ash" kaupapa ki te whakato mana motuhake, hanga ki runga ki te-taiawhio-wahi ngātahi. Ka āta whakarite tēnei e kua paetata wera katoa e tupu i roto i te ara iahiko tuatahi (whakapā tika ki nga mea timatanga wahie) me arahi rārangi roa hea e kore te mea e tika ana. Tāuta kiato, tona kaha ko e rua rau megawatts, a ko reira iti iho i te "fonit" (ko reira he pātai o muna). Kei te tino pono, mangai te piere tenei whakaritenga e te wāhi uaua ki ona rohe, kua whakatakotoria wā whai o te wā mahi mō te iti rawa e toru tekau nga tau.

compartments whakarite

submarines Class "Ash" kua he whare pakari, wehea ki compartments, e he kahore ratou rerekē i ētahi atu katoa. E iwa o ratou, i konei te he rārangi o ratou:

1 - CCU. I roto i te tua ki te pou whakahau pokapū konei whakairi ruma faaora i roto i nei, ki te tika, kia taea ki te waiho i te kaipuke waka, tūnga hydroacoustic me te whai wāhi ki te pailati. Torpedo korere, pērā he kaupapa mua i muri i tenei wehenga, hoatu ara ki te "kanohi" matua me "taringa" o te kaipuke - ko te pūihi, te fariiraa i ara nga tohu paruparu me homai mōhiohio taipitopito e pā ana ki o koutou taiao. Mua o Project 885 "Ash" - te tino "kitea" kaipuke o tona piha haapiiraa.

2 - tōkiri, i konei whakatupato TA ratou missiles raro, me te taputapu pŭpŭ tauturu, me te waho retireti pūrere hiko.

3, wha-, pūrere kukū, taputapu o kaipuke ūnga (generators, faatoetoeraa, papua whakataimaha, me te pera atu.)

4 - te kāinga, i konei ko te Kubrick me ruma waka, inuinu, kai, hauora, me te tahi atu whakaurunga ki te whakarite tikanga noa i roto i ngā haerenga roa tawhiti.

wehenga 5 ka karanga te pere. I tua atu ki te patu paoro, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, i reira he ano te tāke whakataimaha.

whakaratohia piere, i roto i te tua ki te whakato te mana kei te ki te tank pŭpŭ tauturu kia utua o te pini tīmatanga - 6.

wehenga 7 ka karanga te mīhini huri hiko. Ko te wahi i reira whakawhiti ai steam wera ona pūngao ki te take hurirere. Ahakoa i konei i reira e 5 BTF.

I roto i te 8 arotahi taputapu mīhini, me he take pao faaora.

wehenga 9-th ka karanga te kaingaki. Iritihia i te reo o te moana te tikanga e reira puta whakahaere i te urungi, whakapae, me te poutū i te tikanga o actuators waipēhi.

pouri

hangaia submarine karihi "Ash" i kia e kua tona rapunga kua raruraru. Tikanga, te aroaro o te waka ruku i roto i tetahi rohe o te moana ao "tatau" i runga i te maha o ngā āhuatanga: haruru me te tīwiri huarahi, ara radiological, tohanga wera, a ngā roto i te papa mārama o te wai. E toko taha te kaipuke me te papa autō whakaputaina e te whakarewa. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te aritanga me te ati o te whakapohū maina aro ki te huringa i roto i mara pateko, kaipuke i roto i ngā tauranga, me te i runga i nga rori i raro ki te demagnetization tukanga. hanga te kaupapa whare NPS 885 te o koranu maitai motuhake e he rite i roto i ngā āhuatanga ki te paramagnetic. whakaitihia Noise e 15 waeoro ratou heke anake i te pūnaha mana tahora taiawhio orurehau. Kei te hanga hoki ngā tangi te ngongo paninga poti "ata." Whakamahia, me te tahi atu rongoā ki te whakaiti i aritanga. Hurirere kotahi, e meinga ai e hangarau motuhake, e whakarato ana iti-haruru rere.

patu

Na te mea matua, he aha momo o patu taea i roto i te take o te hiahia ki te tono i te "Ash". Ko te submarine runga waru launchers poari momo take mō "onika". Mai te mea pūkenga te kaipuke, e taea te whakakapi ratou i runga i te 3M54 ( "Kārikirangi") ranei "ërä" 3M14. Ka taea e ia pu te tuku 4 missiles ipu. Arahina pūnaha 3P-14P patu matatini. Ka taea e missiles patua nga ngā taumata whenua, me te mata, haere i roto i te trajectory flat, te uaua ratou ki te kitea me ngā mahi pere. I roto i to ratou hoahoa ngā te parau tumu o "mōkihi wuruhi", rite ki nei i waenganui i nga projectiles rere i te wa o tomo te akoranga whawhai hononga huinga atanga. Te pere, kua puta nei i runga i te tahi atu, te tango i te tūranga kaiārahi, tuitui i te mahi o te rōpū. I roto i te take o te whakangaromanga o te pere hoariri tikanga ārahi mahi e whakawhitia aunoa ki tetahi atu kōwae. Hei mahi ki te pakunga taua o missiles ipu tata taea. Hoki tenei "pungarehu" ko īngoa pouri "ōka o kawe rererangi."

Tekau korere tōkiri, katoa o nei he i runga i nga taha o te wehenga tuarua noa i muri i te pou whakahau pokapū. Kariri - 30 "Physico-1" (533 mehua).

Ki te tika, ka taea e te kaipuke takoto maina, ki te kawe i roto i fakafepaki'i pāorooro (ko te "tauärai" haeretia-324 mo tenei), me te mahi i ētahi atu mahi e haafifi i te mahi whakahaere o te kaipuke kaikiri.

āhuatanga General

Ehara i nga mea katoa e he i runga i te kaipuke, ka taea e te tiki e koe ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā matatiki tūmatanui. E whakawakia tonu tohunga i to ratou ahua e ko te waka ruku. Photos whakaputaina i roto i te pāpāho, tukua ki a tatou faaoti i runga i te rahi, e tino ratou he rota: he roa o 140 mita. Displacement ngaro - tata 14 mano taranata .. Hoki ngā tautuhinga nui-tere e wātea ana, e whakamanamana te waka ruku. Āhuatanga rite te tikanga rerekē i runga i te tohu o te submergence whare kaipuke raro neke tere (31 knots), me mo te whakawhanake emersion 16 knots. Kei te waka o 32 āpiha me te 90 heramana me nga kaumatua. Ko katoa o ratou i roto i te ati, a e kore e taea ki te uaua hoki te ora e taea waiho te kaipuke i roto i te pākākano mawhiti wetekina, kei roto i te kopere. patua tetahi e te nui o ngā pūnaha pūihi retractable, tiketike i runga ake i te deckhouse. whakarato rātou i kōrero pono ki te whakahau me te tahi atu kaipuke. kia tiakina ngā mōhiohio e wātea ana i runga i te wātea o te taputapu motuhake i runga i te kaipuke, te hanga oro mōhiohio hongere i mōhio. Ki te ako pehea te mahi i reira, i reira he kahore mōhiohio taipitopito.

mana motuhake whakapuakina he kotahi rau nga ra, engari tūturu, te nuinga pea, i reira kia kia atu.

Hangarau me te utu

Ko te meka e no te kaipuke ki te kaupapa kotahi, e kore te auraa e ratou tino ōrite. He etahi painga i runga i te mua e tika ana ki ngā whakapaitanga i roto i te hangarau me te whakamahi o atu momo hou o te taputapu me te patu ia wae hou. e kore e rite nohopuku rite etahi atu momo o te hangarau kei te hanga nga kaipuke, rawa rite matatini rite te kaupapa waka ruku "Ash". Ko te submarine "Severodvinsk", tangohia e te mahi Navy i te tau kua hipa, utu te taonga 47 piriona moni. Ka utu i te nui taua, me te "Kazan", engari matou e matau kua e tenei rārangi kaipuke ake, hou taputapu, me te haruru noa raro. I tua atu, kua whakawhitia te hanga o wāhanga me oko katoa submarine inaianei ki te rohe o te Russian Federation, e whakaiti i te mōrea o turuturu mōhiohio ai ngā pā ana ki to ratou pūrere me faarahi te motuhake i kaituku ke. He he take ki te amo i taua e peka te uara o ia kōwae muri ki te whakapai ake o te huringa hangarau. Reira tupu tonu, engari kua tetahi taha tenei āhuatanga. I te kau o te whakatutuki i te tino rawa o tetahi hangarau ko kua tawhitotia, a he rite mo te whakatinanatanga whanaketanga hou, me nga ngā o te tonutia. Ko nga mea katoa te pai "Ash" Project 885, i roto i te KB Russian pea kē atu whakaaro. I muri i te tau torutoru tino ratou submarine hou ka whakaturia ki runga, ka waiho pai ara nga āhuatanga o nei.