pepa Whakataki History

puta te pepa i roto i te tangata mo te wa roa, ahu tuhituhi i roto i nga wa onamata. Ae, me ngā tuhinga o te pepa tracings mahi he rota. Ki te tangohia e tatou i te ariā o te whaiaro - whakataki pepa, puta ai i te French kupu "calque", e te tikanga kape. Ko e mo'oni, ka whakamahia pepa whakataki tae noa hoki rite te rau tau 17, kaihoahoa, Engineers, me ētahi atu ngaio, me te tirohanga ki te tukatuka (tārua) nga drawings, ngā pikitia, me ngā tahora o kaimahi. Takekore ki te mea, Ko te rauemi o nui te pānga i roto i te kaimahi hangarau. I muri copiers katoa i roto i aua ra e kore i whakamahia anake te reira whakataki pepa me te mahi tangata teimaha.

Kua haere tenetere, tipu hangarau. He ko he momo o te pūnaha hoahoa rorohiko-whakakaha me kua mutu ki kia hāngai te ariā o "ringa-tuhi". Whakataki pepa mō te mangumangu kua whakauaua i whakamahia, pera i mua, engari kua kitea te reira i tona tono i roto i te tā mamati. Ko te āhuatanga faahiahia o te pepa whakataki, pērā i mārama me te kiato nui kia koha reira i roto i ētahi o ngā wāhanga o te ahumahi. E kore e taea e koe te whakaaro, mo te tauira, tārua tetahi whakapakoko, ara mamati, kahore paparua. He ahua o "antiquated" ara ano ia mona te ora hou. Korero o whakataki pepa e mangumangu - ko reira he taua tikanga taketake o tona tono, he reira pai hoki te tuhi i runga taua mea rite ki nga tuhi waituhi me ngā hoahoa o rerekē whīwhiwhi. Ko te kiato nui o te rauemi hanga taea reira ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te tuhituhi te kounga, me te te utu oti te nuinga o ngā hiahia o te mākete i roto i te pepa vellum-kounga tiketike i te utu whaitake. Nā ki te tino pai ōwehenga utu / kounga me tona ringa rehe e Leningrad whakataki ™ ko te hāngai pai mo tenei whakaaro. I roto i tona whanaketanga i ngā tono pēnei i paerewa atu hapori o kounga me te tino matatau hangarau pepa production. Tenei tukua ki a tatou whiwhi-kounga teitei, engari-whakaaro whānui whakataki pepa iti-utu.

Ko te āhuatanga matua o te whakataki pepa - te māramatanga, rite kua whakahuatia, ko reira e tika ana ki a ia, he pera rongonui ia i roto i te ahumahi kiritaki i teie nei, a i roto i te tau kua hipa. Kounga whakataki pepa e taea te huaina ngāwari - tenei te whakataki Leningrad ™, makona nga whakaritenga katoa me paerewa āhua i runga i te māramatanga me te mīhini āhuatanga e tohu i te hua pērā i te pepa vellum. I te rauemi i tohua ko te whakatairite āhuatanga tracings Gostovskaya ko Leningrad ™, e whakaatu ana e ia he matotoru nui (me i konei he mātotoru me te kaha teitei), ehara i te mea iho i roto i te mārama. He te korerotia hoki te wahi ki te hoko whakataki kupu konei, i pupuri te tohu matua o te kounga i te taumata tika, whakawhetai ki huarahi hangarau hou.