Carriers hou France me te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao

he pukuriri i te natura Humanity. whakapumautia tenei meka kino e te pakanga maha aroraa e te iwi mō te ngā take. e kore e taea e Ahakoa ao antiutopian Aldous Huxley, Orwell ko Bradbury tangata kahore tutu. Te āhua, whakangaueue, te tahi mau melo o te sapiens iwi homo whakapuaki ratou, ki kahore he mea mo te mea take mai te āhua ki te whawhai. he hohore kahore mua te whawhai, a ka tei ona putanga i runga i te nui kaha te taputapu o tetahi o nga rōpū ki te pakanga. Hei tauira, e whai hua ana ki waho i te kaipuke whawhai ahurei ope manuao hou: kawe manureva.

Rererangi kawe: kaipuke ahu whakamua

Ko te kaipuke nui tenei, e mau ana i te rererangi utanga: manureva topatopa ranei. A ka taea e te mea i runga i runga ki rau aviamashin. Ko ratou te kaha a Tūrongo matua o te kawe. puta te oko te mata taua wā tuatahi i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, engari rawa te matamua-whanau i taua i tahuri ratou i te tahi atu momo o kaipuke. Hei tauira, ka tenei kaipuke i te cruiser ko "Birmingham". Ki te tona rahoraho mo te wa tuatahi atu ka mau te manureva. A i runga i te hui nui i roto i 1910, a tohua reira te timatanga o te rererangi e hāngai ana kawe-. I oko taua tuatahi whakamahia mō te reconnaissance, engari mohio i muri i te faufaa o te rererangi rite te tikanga o te pūrepo. I te ata o te hanganga o kawe rererangi whakamahia seaplanes, rite rererangi tango atu taea, ka noho i runga i te rahoraho - e kore. Hoki tenei seaplanes whakaaro, e pai u ki runga ki te wai. haere te kōrero i torutoru nga kawe rererangi French i roto i te Pakanga II o te Ao: ki te kia tangohia, kotahi anake, kia rite i roto i te Hau Amui no Marite. Ko te maha rawa o taua oko i taua wa i roto i te United Basileia (7 wae). I muri, i roto i te hoahoa o kawe rererangi i muri ia Amerika.

E wehea taua kaipuke ki te tūranga e whai ake nei:

• kawe rererangi;
• hokohoko;
• e mau ana pūangi;
• kawe topatopa;
• gidroavianostsy;
• rangi;
• raro.

I tua atu, kitea pūkenga, ru me anti. E ai ki te momo o te pūngao, i reira he tauira tikanga, me te ngota.

kawe ngā āhuatanga Main

Steel anga kaikawe i nui te kaha, mai tae ratou matotoru e rave rahi henimita. He te roa o te kaipuke Rapa rau o mita: te kaha tīwera pae i 180 ki te 342. Tauira oko tae te hohonu 12-mita. Ko te tino nui whanui rahoraho, i homai te kawe rererangi image ngalongataa. Kei raro rahoraho e kei nga kahui nui me hangars mō te tiaki rererangi. Te pukepuke anake i runga i te rahoraho, he ahua o "motu" Ko te pokapū whakahau, e kau rapu pūnaha me te pūihi. Localize tenei pokapū ko te tikanga i te taha ki matau.

rahoraho rere - tetahi o nga wāhanga tino nui o te kawe rererangi. Ko ratou e toru ngā momo, tetahi o nei e kore kei te whakamahia. rahoraho Flat, mo te tauira, kua he kawe rererangi French pai-mohiotia "Sharl De Goll". Kei te whakamahia papanga o tenei momo mo te whakapae tango-atu. Hoki tenei whakaaro, te catapult mamaoa. Papanga ki ake tāuta i runga i waka, ngā rererangi ki poutū tango-atu. He āhuatanga āhuatanga o taua rahoraho riro rōpū te wakarererangi, me te taunga takai.

Flight rahoraho, kei rua ngā taumata, i whakamahia tae noa ki te 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga. I runga i te ihu o kawe rererangi kei mahau takeoff me i runga - taunga. Otiia mai i mōrearea hoki te kaiurungi tenei kaupapa, ke reira, nga korenga reira, pera me te mea tikanga i roto i kawe rererangi tikanga.

meka Interesting e pā ana ki te roroa Navy

ka kia ngā ki te kitea i roto i te wahi ka ia kawe tumu pau ore o te mana, me te tere Uninitiated. Ko te mea, ko te e te tipu te mana karihi, kei runga i kaipuke hou, tae atu ki ngā kawe rererangi o France, whakarato ngā mutunga o te kaupapa o nga kaipuke. I tua atu, e tika ana ki te tāutanga karihi te kawe taea ki te tautoko i te mōrahi, nui atu i te tere Cruising mō wiki ko.

Ano hoki he nui tenei meka, kia rite ki te whakanohonga o te runway. Kei i te koki o 9⁰. kihai i meatia tenei e te aituā. I mua, ka ko te whitiki, he tika, maha i pakanga rererangi tu, te hunga e ū kino. I muri i te katoa, ko reira rawa uaua - ki te noho i runga i te tārere me te mahau kuiti. Ki te karo i taua aituā me ahi meinga e ratou, ka haere mai nga kaihoahoa ki te otinga ngingila, reira whakarato te tika pairati ki te hanga hape.

kaipuke Wīwī

kaipuke Wīwī e he wahi ārahi i roto i te ao. I roto i tona displacement (321,850 taranata), ko reira i waenganui Korea me te Basileia United. Patu ki tenei ngā hōia kaha he submarines, frigates ultra-hou, amphibious, kau fakasio, nga kaipahua, a, o te akoranga, te kawe rererangi rongonui France "Sharl De Goll" displacement o 37 mano. Tana. Ko te pūtake o te kaha taunga ko te cruiser "Mistral". Kaipuke o tenei momo reira e toru wae.

Ko tēnei wā reira he kaimahi o cover rangi, kia rite ki te rererangi manuao French kua tika 60 rahoraho o rererangi i roto i te taviniraa. I roto i te whānui, ka hapu te kāwanatanga Wīwī he ao hou, nui o te Navy, rite kaha o nāianei he iti ki te mau tonu ao ngā mahi hōia. Ahakoa i reira e i France me te maramara bargaining nui: patu karihi. Runga ake katoa, tenei hou missiles ballistic.

France ko Pakanga II o te Ao

Kei te tika i huaina nga French te pionie o te rererangi manuao. E hanga ana e ratou seaplanes, rere kaipuke me seaplanes, me nga tama'ii me fakasio rawa ki catapults ki te tango atu. A i roto i nga 20 o rau whakamutunga, te ope French manuao kua whakakiia te mema hou - te tama'i rererangi kawe hou "Béarn". I reira i tāuta runway rahoraho, me te catapult. Tenei kaipuke, ahakoa kahore i puta ke, whai wāhi i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao ki fascism German, engari i roto i te 1940 kua riro ki te okioki. tupu tenei i muri i te tukunga o te French Republic ki Nasí Germany. I tua atu, i roto i te 1937, kia rite ki te hōtaka i āta whakamaheretia o te pahi, i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga e rave rahi kaipuke hou. Otiia kihai i tenei ki kia. I roto i te wā i 1939 ki 1945, i te ope patu o France, ngā te kaipuke, ngaro nui o ringa, a ka ui ora katoa. Na te tini o rererangi kawe i Wīwī i roto i te whawhai ki nga Tiamana? I roto i ngā kaupapa i mana'ohia, me te tio pērā i "Joffre", "Clemenceau" kawe rererangi totohu "Kommandan Test", kotahi rangatira hōia o "Bearn" tu.

Rererangi kawe "Béarn": hītori hina

tika whakaaro French Vice Admiral Bourget e ki he hiahia akiaki whakahauora i te kawe rererangi French te Navy rite te turanga. i kotahi whakahau tenei tangata te "Béarn", pera he faufaa, me te kia rongo ki tona whakaaro. whakapono te Admiral e kia kore e iti iho i te 6 kawe rererangi te tāruru French. i pa Kāwanatanga kawe rererangi i muri i roto i Ingarangi, a i roto i te 50s te hamani pahi French hangaia rererangi kawe "Clemenceau" me "Foz".

Otiia i runga i te manuao, rererangi kawe "Béarn", utu he whakahua motuhake, ki te anake te mea e whai wāhi ia i roto i te whawhai ki nga kau Nasí. whai wāhi rererangi kawe i roto i te rapu o te kaipuke Tiamana "Admiral Graf Spee". timata Construction o te oko i Hānuere 1914, ka rere i runga i te reira i roto i April 1920. Oko hukihuki rawa 9 mita me te whanui - te kawe 27. Ko te roa ko 182 m. Tau o te kauhoe i 865 te iwi.

Carriers French Navy timata tona hītori ki tenei oko Armoured. I patu ia ki pū anti-rererangi, torpedoes, a i runga i te poari 40 rererangi. i hangaia kawe o te whare "Normandy", i whakakapia te powerplant tama'i mīhini huri hiko. I muri i te Tuhinga French reira nga hau e kawea mai te kawe ki Martinique kāwanatanga katoa rāhui koura, engari e kore e te tenei mōhiohio whakapumautia. I tua atu, i mua i te mutunga o te pakanga, "Bearn" e mau ana rererangi i Canada ki honau fonua tupu'angá. I roto i te 1967, i wahia te rangatira French o te rau tau whakamutunga.

Sharl De Goll ranei te Richelieu?

Na ki nga kawe rererangi French, hou, me te rawa ki te mea katoa e tika ana te whakatau paerewa hōia. Engari, ko te kawe rererangi French tēnei wā anake te kotahi: te rongonui "Sharl De Goll". I hanga tēnei kaipuke me whakarewahia i roto i 1994. tīmata Ko tōna mahi i roto i te 2001. Ki te displacement o 42 mano. Hanga Taranata rererangi kawe 27 pae haere. Reira kua rua pūkaha karihi, roa oko he 261 mita me te whanui o e pā ana ki 64 te kawe, ko te kaipuke nui rawa i roto i France, engari i roto i rite ki te kaipuke karihi American rite ko reira iti. Ko te waka o tona pai nui, me te kaimahi 1900 iwi, tae atu ki nga kaiurungi me rangatira.

timata te hītori o tenei manuao ki te meka i whakaritea e te kāwanatanga ki te whakakapi i te tawhito kawe rererangi French "Foch" me "Clemenceau" ki atu tauira hou. Otiia i hanga reira tetahi anake oko o te raupapa taua, mai kore e whakaaetia tona utu tiketike ki te haere tonu i te kaupapa. e kore te tika ake te kawe rererangi, no te mea o te whakamātautau rahua.

Na i runga i te hanga o te kaipuke, kua rite rawa ai ki te pūnaha tino hou: catapults, bulkheads unsinkable, raro rua, hihiani ngongo me te taputapu huna. He he ano hoki he, pūnaha tiaki ahi wai-pana. whakaratohia Crew pūnaha rangi-conditioning me te ventilation. Hangaia ngā wāhi moe whakamarie, ngā wāhi hākinakina, me te kai.

Huri noa i te ingoa o te kawe rererangi i te wa ahi te tautohetohe nui: hiahia Fransua Mitteran, peresideni o France, ki te whakaingoa i te kaipuke "Richelieu", rite whakaaro reira te uatoko o tika ki te rōpū Gaullist. Ko te tau i muri mai, riria tonu Zhak Shirak ia e Nō te kaipuke i te ingoa o te whānui rongonui.

Rākau o te riri "Charles"

kaipuke karihi nui pūngao mō te 5 tau i rere ki te tere o te 25 noti. Kei te herenga tēnei kawe ki te mana whakato ki te whakakī kaha rahi: 76 mano horsepower .. I roto i te taua turanga kaha kia wā kotahi whakanohoia ai ki runga ki te 100 rererangi. Ko te nuinga o, te kaipuke ngā 40 rererangi, o nei e rave rahi whawhai, whakaeke rererangi, reconnaissance rererangi me te tūhono. He i runga i te rahoraho, me waka topatopa. Ano, rite rawa te kawe i te pūnaha hihiani me tāuta rangi korero. Na tono, e hia nga rererangi kawe i France inaianei taea ki reliably whakahoki: kotahi. Ko reira he he torutoru ake kaipuke, e tu ana tata i runga i te kaha te taumata whawhai taua, me te manawanui.

"Mistral": pereoo French

Tauranga kaipuke, he rerekē i ētahi atu whakamahi-whakaaro maha topatopa kawe "Mistral". E nehenehe te reira i te hōhipera, whakatokia ki runga ki ropu tinei taunga whenua whai pūkaha, mahi rite te pokapū whakahau, pea, me te mau tonu topatopa whawhai. A, no te matapaki i te kawe rererangi French "Mistral" ahakoa kahore he kawe rererangi ki te tonu, engari ano hoki i te māngai tika o te Navy French. He painga nui kia whakahuatia he wāhi aroturuki puhoi, me te whakaaro, pai io te i kawea i roto i topatopa. I tua atu, kia whakanohoia te kaipuke kia mau pahi tauranga, tank matua me te ki runga ki te 900 hoia i te wa. Patu ki te Navy French kua toru kaipuke rite "Mistral", "Tonnerre" me "Dismyud".

He reira taea ki te totohu i te kawe rererangi?

Ko te mahi tino uaua tenei. Nā ki te meka e kawe kaipuke sverhdorogostoyaschie taua te nui nui o patu, ka, o te akoranga, te mahi tiaki o te kawe e kore rawa e makona i te whakaritenga faufaa. Na reira, tonu huri noa i te nui kaipuke 15, neke atu rānei kaipuke, whakarato tiaki pono i roto i te pūtoro o 300 kiromita. mau ano totohu te kawe rererangi, ahakoa he mea tino uaua. Te tikanga māmā, engari e kore e tino whai hua - te huaki. Ki te mahi i tenei, me e haamou koe nga kaipuke haumaru, a ka ngana ki te hoatu i te kawe rererangi ki te raro, ka waiho i te reira tino uaua, no te mea kua rite rawa te reira ki te maha nui o compartments.

E kore e te tūranga iti rawa i roto i te withdrawal o te kawe rererangi i roto i o mahi e taea te tākaro i te aukati. Hei tauira, i roto i whakakī, he tauranga, me kauhoe rōpū tini äta ki te oko, me te whakatū i pūrere mamao taikaha i tona raro. Ko te mea matua ko te ki te tiki hia atu i roto i tenei mahi.

Ko tētahi atu huarahi i taea te aro i runga i te papa i te waka ruku puku. O te akoranga, e kore e he kawe rererangi nui e taea ki Dodge te mua. Anake i konei rererangi submarine ki tūponotanga nui whakangaro tonu tiaki kaipuke.

Ko te whai hua te nuinga i roto i te totohutanga o te rererangi kawe pere i homai me aro karihi. Ko reira mārama e te muri, e tika ana ki te mate ki te rohe, me ētahi atu hopearaa catastrophic, e whakamahia anake i roto i te wā tino.

kaipuke o te heke mai

Otiia e kore e e nga kawe rererangi o France me ētahi atu mana ao e tu tonu, hangaia he tauira hou, atu hou, me te matatau. Ka mau ia ki pūkete te wheako o whakatutukitanga mua me hape o te kaupapa rererangi kawe heke mai i hanga i raro i te displacement ingoa CVNX o 100 mano. Tana. I roto i tona hanganga i whakamahia "puku" hangarau, te whare karihi hōu, e taea ai hoki te wa roa ki te haere ki waho te tamaa, me te he hoahoa takere radically hou. tata E ai kaihanga e ki he kaipuke taua mo te katoa-tau e rima tekau roa taea haere 3 miriona maero , me te kawe e ono mano. Day i te moana.

Kei te tere neke te ahunga whakamua, tae atu i roto i te ahumahi hōia. Te whakahaumi taumaha atu i roto i te hangarau hou, engari e kore e taea te hokona hoki tetahi moni te rongo te ao.