China: Ko te wāhanga o te Crisis mua-orurehau

Okoloburzhuaznye ture arikitanga me bourgeois porowhita, arahina e Chzhan Tszyanem ui kore rarangatia, engari he ao hou, tūturu o Haina i roto i te wairua o te porowini tohutohu komiti whakaritenga 1909- 1911 biennium. Wehi porowhita ohaoha mo te whenua whakarau, Russian-Japanese whawhai o 1904-1905., Tango wahi i runga i te oneone Hainamana, he tauira ri'ari'a o Korea, i roto i te 1910 apitiria e Japan, te roa-tu pakanga i waenganui i te pato'iraa kaupapa ture, me te kore e hiahia ki te hoatu ake o ratou tūranga Menisuú hanga despotism te wāhanga tuatahi o te mua-orurehau raruraru.

Ko te wāhanga tuarua o te kaupapa manapori orurehau arahina e nui pāhoro Chinese Sun Yat-sen. Ratou i roto i 1894, i hanga "anō o Haina Union" ki te turaki i te ture Menisuú. Na roto i te 1905, kua ko China maha ngā rōpū hou. I raro i te mana o te tuatahi Russian Revolution o 1905, me te whakatuwhera i te reira i te wā o "ti'ai o Ahia" timata te tupu tere o te tahae mana'oo anti-Menisuú. Kua tomo te kaupapa whakaoranga motu i roto i te China te atamira hou. I roto i te 1905, i raro i te ārahitanga o Sun Yat-sen me Huang Sina hanumi ngā rōpū hou i roto i te "Association o te Union." China wāhanga raruraru prerevolutionary ...

Ko te wāhanga tuatoru o te raruraru i mua-pāhoro ko te hua koi i roto i te "ngangaretanga Hainamana tawhito", arā. E. Natural, a whakamararatia atu anti-Menisuú, antinalogovyh whakaoho me hiakai (raihi) ngangaretanga, maha arahina e mau sotaiete ngaro. Enei nui me te kaupapa tipu katoa tino ngaueue te tikanga Qing.

Ko te tuawha wāhanga o te höu o te āhuatanga orurehau i kaupapa bourgeoisified gentry "ōhanga", kaipupuri whenua, me te bourgeoisie ano ki te faatîtîraa o te whakapaipai ke. Mai i 1905 ki te tau 1911, kua haere te whenua he raupapa o boycotts antiinostrannyh (1905-1908), te pakanga mō "te hoki tika" ki riro ātetenga keri ke (1906- 1910), ki taurewa ke mō te rerewē hanga, me te mo te hoko o ātetenga rerewē (1907-1908 ). He nga pakanga papatipu i roto i te tautoko o hinonga kāinga, rawa hoki te hanga o ngā whakaurunga mō ngā rerewē Hainamana Huguanskih, a ka - "Parenga o rerewē" (1911). Kōawa o te kāwanatanga Qing o kamupene rerewhenua tūmataiti Huguanskih rori meinga i roto i te Mahuru-nuku 1911 whakatikanga ake i roto i Sichuan - te wāhanga tuatahi o te Xinhai Revolution. Oketopa 10, 1911 i reira ko te whakatikanga ake i roto i nga wahi Wuchang "ope hou" arahina e te tahae. I hanga te pa i te kāwanatanga hōia, i kauwhautia te hurihanga o te arikitanga Qing me te whakatūnga o te Republic o Haina.

I muri i tenei, whakaaturia 14 kawanatanga ratou motuhake i Beijing. Ka rahua ki te pehanga o te kaupapa pāhoro, hoatu te Ch'ing te mana mau i roto i te pane ki General Yuan Shikai - akonga o o tauhohenga ā-me mana imperialist. I roto i Hakihea, nga kau fakafofonga o kawanatanga motuhake huihuia i Nanjing, i pōtitia Sun Yat-sen peresideni me te matenga o te kāwanatanga mua. I roto i te mutunga, i reira te "mana rua" - he tauhohenga whakahe ki te tahae Te Tai Tokerau ki te Tonga. hanga te riri o te tauhohenga rohe me mana ki te kāwanatanga Nanking, me te te Rīpera whakawhitinga con stitutsionalistov te taha o Yuan Shikai he painga i roto i manakohia o te Te Tai Tokerau. a Sun Yat-sen ki te hoatu ake te peresideniraa tenei whānui i roto i te utu mo te liaki o te whare Menisuú i te tau 1912. I muri i te hinganga o te arikitanga Qing te peresideni Yuan Shikai riro i whakariterite anō te mana pera-ka karanga .zaem ki te whakaū i tona kaha. I roto i te raumati o 1913 toremi ia i roto i te toto whakahaua ki tona kaupapa i roto i nga kawanatanga pokapū, me te tonga.

China: Ko te wāhanga o te raruraru i mua i-orurehau