Composition o hau tūturu

I raro i anaerobic (mewaro anoxic ranei) e FERMENTATION wahi i roto i te whenua biodegradation o matū waro ki te tuku o te mewaro (CH4 - māmā pūwaro paraffinic). Ka taea te whakaahuatia i tēnei āhuatanga i te whārite tauhohenga: organic mea + H2O → CH4 + C5H7NO2 + CO2 + NH4 + H2CO3. Ko te hua ko te pai ngā rauemi taiao. takoto te reira i ngā raro, me te kei i roto i haurehu waihā tioata ranei (i roto i te puka o hydrates hau - mewaro pūhui ki te wai i he pūmau i tenge tiketike, me pāmahana iti kei roto i te permafrost) kāwanatanga. I tua atu, kia rewa ai te reira i roto i te wai ranei i roto i te hinu. E kore te mea tamau te hanganga o te kapuni, me te rerekē i te mara ki te mara.

Ko te mewaro te wāhanga matua o tenei kohuke, ko tona ihirangi roto i te whānui i 91 ki te 98%. roto ano e taimaha atu paraffinic waiwaro pūwaro (C4H10), pōwaro (C3H8), ewaro (C2H6). Present matū pararopi, e te hunga: hauwai (H2), hauota (N2), te hauhā (CO2), hauwai sulfide (H2S), haumāmā (ia), kohu te wai (H2O). Ko te āhuatanga, me te hanganga o te hau māori, e whakaritea me nga tikanga whakamātautau GOST 5542-87. I whakawhanakehia tēnei paerewa halá, ka whakaurua ki roto ki te USSR, a inaianei mahi i roto i te maha o nga whenua Kihi. tano te reira ki te wahie hau māori whakamahia e te rite wahie, me te rauemi raw i roto i te ahumahi, a rite wahie i roto i te rängai motu.

puta te reira i hohonu mai i tetahi ki te maha kiromita (raro atu i te hinu), mai i te hanga e te reira i te pēhanga teitei me pāmahana teitei. Ko tōna hohonu tei runga i te mara, hei tauira, e tata ana New Urengoy te tangohia ai i te hohonu o te 6 km. I whakaputahia e te puna, i te hau whenua tomo te pūnaha kohinga, a ka taea te rite reira, ka kawea ki te kiritaki. No te faaineine eke tata te toku, me whakaaetia kōwae motuhake, hoahoa nei ki te tango wai (ārai transportation) me pūhui whanariki (matū kaha he waikura e whakaiti taputapu ora me te taea hua i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohotata). tātarihia te hanganga o te kapuni te aroaro o me i muri i maroke i te reira i roto i te tīwae absorption me te sulfide hauwai e purea.

I roto i ngā tipu hua hoki haumāmā. I roto i tenei take, e faatiti'aifarohia e rua raruraru. Tuatahi - haumāmā e mangere (ia) whakaiti āhuatanga kounga whakaratohia GOST 5542-87, hei tauira, ngingiha wera. Ko te tuarua - whakatapua ki te tāutanga o iti-pāmahana wehenga o haumāmā he tika i roto i te maha manga o te ōhanga hua nui, kua whiwhi ai i runga i nga mara ki tirotiro nui ake i 0.1%. pahemo atu haumāmā tangohia i raro i te pēhanga teitei te ki kiritaki i roto i te ipurau maitai. tātarihia te hanganga kounga o haumāmā rite te hanganga hau i runga i te ihirangi o poke i roto i te taiwhanga matū motuhake.

Ihirangi o wāhanga pūwaro tātarihia rite ki GOST 23781-87. E ai ki tenei tuhinga paerewa tautuhi te hanganga matū o te hau tūturu tikanga chromatographic. Haumāmā, hauwai, hauota, te hāora, me te mewaro - pūrere tūrara ki pūoko kawe waiariki, ai tāuta te tīwae chromatographic ki sieves rāpoi. Waiwaro me te hauhā - pūrere tūrara ki te pūoko kawe ia waiariki me te tīwae ki tonu i te sferohromom tukinotia ki'Eta TEGM. Ko te ihirangi o ngā wāhanga C4-C8 - pūrere tūrara ki te pūoko mura ionization me te tīwae chromatographic Kikī ki e mangere tautoko totoka (Chromaton) tukinotia ki dimethylsilicone squalane ranei. hanganga Tatau o te hau māori i roto i te ōrau i te rōrahi.

pai ārohi rite tahi atu āhuatanga e whakatau te kounga o te hua, i ngā wāhanga ngā o te hanga, i te kau o te hanga noa te tuku ki te kiritaki. Hei tauira, whakaturia te ihirangi wai i runga i te wāhi tomairangi, GOST 20060-83. Ko te kiato whanaunga o teitei me raro uara calorific tatau i runga i GOST 22667-82 ka hāngai i runga i te hanganga wae whiwhi e te tikanga chromatographic o tātari rite ki GOST 23781-87. Hei whakatau pūngāwhā hauwai (H2S) me te whanariki mercaptan (RSH) e whakamahia tetahi o tikanga e toru (fotokalorimetrichesky, potentiometric ranei iodometric) e whakaahua ana GOST 22387.2-97 me te tīpakohia i runga i te ihirangi o te wae tātarihia rānei. Katoa o nga rangahau i runga i te pūtake o e tau kawea reira mohiotia hanganga o te kapuni e atu i roto i taiwhanga matū, e me te whakatau i nga whakaritenga o GOST R ISO / IEC 17025-2009.