Hanganga o ngā pūtau eukaryotic

Ka taea te wehea rauropi katoa ora, i runga i te wātea o te pata rānei ki e rua whanui kāwai: prokaryotes me eukaryotes. ngā rua e ahu i te «karion» Kariki - pata.

Ko te hunga rauropi e kore e e whai i te karihi, ka karanga prokaryotes - kaiao mua karihi-ki te mea karihi i roto i te puka o inclusions. Ko te hanganga o te pūtau eukaryotic ko ahua rerekē. I roto i te rerekē ki ngā prokaryotes, kua hanga i roto i eukaryotes he matua - ko to ratou rerekētanga matua tenei. Hoki prokaryotes ngā huakita, cyanobacteria, Rickettsia me ētahi atu rauropi. Hoki eukaryotes ngā māngai o kingitanga Harore, Plants me Animals.

Hanganga o ngā pūtau eukaryotic o kaiao rerekē rite karihi. Ratou wāhanga matua - te karihi me te cytoplasm, e tahi kėia he protoplast. Ko te cytoplasm Ko te rauemi turanga āhua-wai, e kiia ana ko, hyaloplasm, ai nga hanganga pūtau e ranei - organelles whakahaere ngā mahi. I waho i te cytoplasm karapotia e te membrane wē. Plant me ngā pūtau fungal whai te membrane wē haunga pūtau anga mārō. Ko te cytoplasm o te tipu ngā pūtau me harore kei vacuoles - mirumiru e kua ki tonu i te wai ki ngā matū rewa roto. I tua atu, i roto i te pūtau, e ngā i roto i te puka o ngā matūkai manawapa hua mutunga o pākia e ranei. Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te mahi pūtau eukaryotic tika ki inclusions e te hunga i roto i te pūtau.

Hanganga me te mahi o ngā pūtau eukaryotic:

• membrane wē - he bilayer lipid ki pūmua tāmau i roto i reira. Ko te mahi matua o te membrane wē - te utu o ngā matū i waenganui i te pūtau iho me te taiao. Nā ki kawea te membrane wē i roto i, me te whakapā i waenganui i rua pūtau pātata.
• karihi - te huānga pūtau kua dvumembrannuyu anga. Main mahi matua - te tiaki o te mōhiohio ā-ira - waikawa deoxyribonucleic. Na roto i te matua whakaritea mahi pūtau, kua whakawhitia te rauemi ira ki ngā pūtau tamahine.
• pungaraungao - e kitea anake i roto i te tipu me te kararehe pūtau enei organelles. Pungaraungao, rite te matua, E rua kiriuhi i waenganui i nei i reira he hipi ā-- Kristen. Kei roto pungaraungao DNA porohita, ribosomes, he plurality o whākōkī. Nā ki enei organelles kawea hāora ngā pūtau manawa wā (synthesized triphosphate adenosine).
• plastids - E wātea ana anake i roto i te pūtau tipu, no te mea o ratou mahi tuatahi - ahotakakame.
• kiriuwhi (reticulum) - ko te pūnaha o sacs papatahi - tāke, feāvaaki me aerodynamics. I runga i te kiriuwhi (taratara) whakaritea organelles nui - ribosomes. E kiriweti te tāke, me te ena pūmua whatunga, e kua tuku ano te whatunga ake. I roto i te kiriuhi o reticulum maeneene me te kōtuitui o lipid pūtaiaki.
• taputapu Golgi - he pūnaha o flat tank odnomembrannyh me mirumiru piri ki nga pito roa o te tank. Taumahi o te matatini Golgi - te haaputuputuraa me panoni o pūmua me lipids. Tenei e hanga e vesicles secretory e tapaea rauemi waho te pūtau. Hanganga o ngā pūtau eukaryotic pērā e he tona tikanga ake mo te tohatoha o matū ururua te pūtau.
• lysosomes - vesicles odnomembrannye e roto i whākōkī hydrolytic. Ngā mihi ki lysosomes pūtau ngaungau pakaru organelles, pūtau tinana mate.
• ribosomes - he o rua ngā momo, ko ratou mahi matua - te whakaminenga o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua.
• centrioles - he pūnaha o microtubules, e kua hangaia i rāpoi ngota pūmua. Nā ki te centrioles i hanga kōhiwi ā o te pūtau, e taea te pupuri i te reira ona āhua tūturu.

Ko atu matatini atu pūtau prokaryotic te hanganga o te pūtau eukaryotic. Nā ki te aroaro o te karihi, eukaryotes i te kaha ki te whakawhiti i te mōhiohio iranga, reira whakarite te ōritetanga o tona ahua.