Hanganga tika otinga te raima taiepa

Te raima papanga ranei kahu takoto i runga i te mata i roto i hanga, he taahiraa whakahauanga i mua i oti.

Tenei rawa rite ranunga whare (otinga), e solidifies i muri i whakamaroke ki te hanga i rite te mata papatahi totoka mō te oti.

I roto i te nuinga o te wā kei te whakaputaina ai te whakamahi i nga taiepa tīaroaro, whakatikatika i tetahi koha, me te taatiraa takere hangarau i hanga i roto i te tukanga hanga, mo te tauira, ka whakapanga waea hou. riro flat, maheni, me te rerehua te mata.

ōwehenga tangohia o otinga te raima taiepa rite taea ranunga i muri i maroke ki te mahi i tona mahi, a e kore e hu'ahu'a ki te wā. Ki tona tika ki te whiriwhiri, me whai koe i te whakaaro whānui e pā ana ki te momo o ngā hanumi me ratou whakaaro. Knowledge o ratou wāhanga matua, me te taea tono ka tukua ki te whakatere ngāwari te whānuitanga ngā me ki te tono tika te whakatau i runga i to ratou whakamahi.

Types o te raima , me o ratou āhuatanga

E whakarākai taea te whakamahi i te taiepa waho roto ranei, ka kua wehea ki e toru ngā momo matua:

• paerewa, rite tiaki i te taiao o waho (taiepa i waho) pe fakatonutonu hē mata, tae atu hāngaitanga, hiritia ana te Kosi o awa wahie, me te faaineineraa mo te mutu o te oti i coatings whakapaipai e te tikanga kikokore-apa;
• Paruru- mahi insulator mahi ranei he mata, hei tauira, te whakaiti i haruru, pupuri i te mahana ārai kătahi o radiation ranei;
• whakapaipai whakamahia i roto i te paninga mutunga (pango, kohatu, Venetian, graphite).

āhuatanga ia momo e te hanganga motuhake, te faaineineraa o e titau tangohia rahi otinga raima taiepa.

He aha te mea te kumete

No te faaineine i te otinga mō taiepa te raima, kia whakauru i te hanganga huānga tununga (sima, kotakota gypsum ranei), māpele, te tikanga onepu, me te wai.

Tei runga i te nui o wae kōpaki, he ratou:

• tūpuhi, rite kahore kapiti, engari kaha rawakore;
• ngako e taea hu'ahu'a me holomui.

ranunga kikokore e ngāwari paheke atu ki te paramu, fatty anga ke, piri taua. Ko te whāinga o tetahi hanga - faaineine i otinga mō taiepa te raima, nei hanganga e kia tino pai.

I tua atu, i te otinga i āta honoa ki te softener oti ki te whakahaere i te mahi ki te ranunga. Ko te whakatinanatanga māmā ko te hopi wai tikanga ranei paura mo te horoi, engari i reira he tāpiritanga ahumahi motuhake.

Tau o koti

Kei te nuinga o te wā mahi Taupānga i toru papa, e whai hanganga takitahi mō te otinga te raima taiepa:

• tuatahi tono (obryzg) apa i te iti rawa 5 me te kore neke atu i te 9 mm i te whakakī i te kōtītiti katoa i roto i te puka, me te he rite ki te kirīmi kawa;
• tuarua (whenua) - he apa matua e kia tono e rave rahi mau taime, me kua he pokepoke kiato;
• te toru (koti mutu) tono te he apa kore ake atu i te 4 mm o, kua hiahiatia ki te maku te mata i te ōritetanga rite ki te obryzg.

A, no te reira te mea he otinga hoki te whakarite i te taiepa te raima, rerekē te hanganga i te nui o kōpaki, te tikanga sima. I roto i te paparanga tuatahi iti rawa reira, te piki tau tuarua, me te riro mōrahi i roto i te toru.

momo o ngā ranunga

A, no te whakamahia taiepa oti te maha ngā momo taketake o tito. I teie mahana, e whakamahia te nuinga e toru ranunga:

• sima, te tino noa, me te rongonui, āhuatanga e te kaha nui, engari o te solidification he wā roa;
• whakamahia paru te i roto i te whakamahi roto, o waho i roto i te maimoatanga o ngā mata rakau;
• kotakota, he ngāwari ranunga orotahi sima, maha whakamahia ki gypsum, he wā tere o solidification me te whakanui ake i te kaha.

I tua atu, i runga i te āhuatanga rānei, kia hoki te whakamahi i ētahi atu taatou:

• gypsum - te tino uaua whakamahia e tika ana ki te tere (i roto i meneti) wāhi urunga, me te tutakina te reira i roto i te hawhe haora;
• Mixed - otlichayuschaesya te wā kotahi te whakamahi i te maha o ngā wāhanga motuhake;
• motuhake - whakamahia ki etahi tāpiritanga i runga i te whakaaro e tūmanakohia ana rānei.

Ko tētahi o nga tawhā nui e whakatau i te momo o te otinga e hiahiatia ana, ko te taumata o te haumākū. tīpakohia te hanganga e hiahiatia te i runga i te microclimate rānei. E te tino ao, me te pā ki te kumete rongonui mō taiepa te raima, kua mohiotia nga hanganga o te hanga noa aroha, a tukua ana e ia pai tono e rua waho, me te roto.

Hei mahino pai, ka inaianei kia whakaaro i roto i te taipitopito te hanganga o otinga pani nga taiepa, e kua whakamahia nei i roto i tetahi mahi hanga.

grout

Ko te ara tino tika, ohie, me te hurinoa noa. Ki te mahi i reira, me tino piri koe ki tuatahi.

tīmata te mahi ki te faaineineraa o ngā wāhanga katoa, me te, runga ake katoa, te onepu. Me kia reira maroke, ka kia mohio ki te tataritia. Na tino horoia o kapia katoa, rawa paru. e kore te mea tika Sand whero hate ranei ki te whakamahi i te tae, Whakahekea te reira i te kounga o te ranunga whakamutunga me ona āhuatanga mahi, me te whakamahi i unscreened, me te kore e e masivesivá.

I muri i āta, ka taea e koe timata ki te faaineine i kumete mō te raima taiepa. rerekē te hanganga i runga i te momo o te sima whakamahia rānei. Hei tauira, te faaohiparaa i te pane M400, 1 wahi sima feunga 4 whakatu onepu. Ki te whakamahi koe i M500, kua nui haere te maha o ngā wāhanga ki te rima. arata'i Tūkinotanga ki mate o mutu kounga, me te kore e whakaaetia. Kua konatunatua ata te kai maroke i roto i te ipu rite. Ka taea te mahi i tēnei te whakamahi i te whakaranu, whakaurua ki roto ki te hama, he koko, he whakaranu raima ranei.

Tīpakonga o tikanga tei runga i te rōrahi e hiahiatia ana. Ki te whai koe ki te whaiaro ako-, te whakamahi i te peere whare nui nui 15 ranei 20 rita, i roto i nei e taea e koe te whakarite i tētahi otinga ki te raima i nga taiepa ki ona ringa ake, noho te taua nga hanganga. Ki te kawea te mahi i roto i te taha o te maha o te iwi, hanga ana e ia te tikanga ki te whakamahi i te paraharaha sima ranei whakaranu nui.

Ko te ranunga tino o te wai i āta tāpiri, mau mai i te hanganga ki te kirīmi matotoru.

moata āhuatanga

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i ngā utu e ētahi wā whakakapi i te sima slaked kotakota, i te mea tata e kore e pā te kounga. Rawa rite kotakota me paru pokepoke sima mo raima taiepa e tata ngā ōwehenga.

Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake ko te whakamahi o te kotakota anake slaked. Ko reira tino ohie ki te hanga i te whare, kahore whakapau nui.

ringihia kotakota riro mahana, engari e kore te wai wera i roto i te tank nui, a i muri i tātarihia otinga tauhohenga te, te nuinga i roto i cheesecloth. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira e kore mua atu i te ra kotahi.

ranunga kotakota

titau hoki faaineineraa o te otinga tautukunga raupapa.

Tuatahi, pure i kapia kotakota mā te whakaoho. Whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i te wai kirikiri ranei i roto i rahinga iti. He he hanganga kākahu, taea puta ki te faaineine i te ranunga.

whiwhi te hanganga hiahiatia te ki te hoatu tetahi wahi o te taimaha e toru onepu kotakota, i mua-hipoki, me te tuku. Fakataha ki te wai onepu whakaurua te āta. Tenei tonu tae noa ki te otinga, ko te ki te rite te papatipu ōrite matotoru. I muri i e taea te whakamahi i te reira no te 12 haora.

moata Āhuatanga i roto i te mahi waho

Ko te tikanga e whakamahia ranunga kotakota te anake i roto i te āhuarangi maroke. Ki te whāiti te wa tukatuka paruru te, te ōwehenga o te otinga mō taiepa te raima waho ngā moni iti o te gypsum.

Tenei taea ki ia haamata i ki te whakapakeke hoki i te meneti torutoru, tino otverdevaya te hawhe haora.

Ki te hanga te otinga, 3 rita o ranunga kotakota oti i tapiritia 1 kg o gypsum. Ko he tika ki te tango ki pūkete te wā o solidification me te rōrahi o te mahi reira, te kore e whakapakeke te reira materoto.

otinga Clay

Mā te uku ko tonu rawa noa i roto i nga whare rakau. No te faaineine te paru pokepoke paru kaha mo taiepa te raima, kia whakauru te hanganga sima, kotakota gypsum ranei.

Me te reira i alumina, arā he ngako haurangi nei mo te ruarua haora. He nui te ranunga ki te tāpiri tonu te wai, me te whakaoho tae noa whiwhi reira kiato.

Ko te huarahi māmā o te faaineineraa ngā i roto i te tāpiri onepu peratia i roto i te ōwehenga o tetahi ki te toru. Otiia e kore e he reira rawa roa. papaki ana tēnei e te tāpiri i ēnei wae ki nga wahi 1/5 o sima. I roto i tenei sima whakauru tuatahi, me te paru, i te mea, herea āhuatanga, a ka onepu.

I te tahi taime whakakapia te sima e kotakota, engari ki te hua obligatory i roto i te wahi ki te 1/2. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri gypsum, engari e kore e neke atu i te 1/4.

ōwehenga Mixing

Te ōwehenga o te wāhanga rerekē i roto i te otinga hua rerekē tonu, i runga i te momo mahi, me te kahu rānei. E hoatu ōwehenga Angamaheni i roto i te ripanga i raro nei.

otinga	Mixing ōwehenga (wahi)
	tuatahi	tuarua	tuatoru
sima - onepu	1 - 3	1 - 0.2 - 3	1 - 2
kotakota - onepu	1 - 3	1 - 3	1 - 2
kotakota - onepu	1 - 4	1 - 4	-
kotakota - uku - onepu	0.2 - 1 - 3	0.2 - 1 - 5	0.2 - 1 - 3
kotakota - raima - onepu	1 - 1 - 2	1 - 0.5 - 2	1 - 1 - 5
paru - raima - onepu	1 - 0.2 - 3	1 - 0.2 - 3	-

e kore e tamau ēnei hanganga, me taea te whakaritea i roto i te take ia takitahi.

Oti ranunga maroke

I teie mahana, whakarato tata katoa kaiwhakanao i te whānui o rite-hanga ranunga maroke ngā. hiahiatia katoa e te i mua i te tīmata te mahi - ko ki te tango i te nui e tika ana o te wai, me te mea pokepoke maroke oti, ka uru katoa ata, te tikanga rua. he rite hoki te whakamahi i te ranunga. Ka rite ki te tikanga, he tonu ratou he bit utu, nui atu i te utu o ngā wāhanga hou ki te hokona wehe.

Ratou painga matua ko te ngaro o te hiahia ki te uru e rave rahi wāhanga rerekē i roto i te hanganga tika. I tua atu, i te hoko o ngā rauemi nuinga whakaputaina i roto i ngā rahinga nui, e kore te mea e tonu watea. Hei tauira, hanga ana e ia kahore tikanga ki te whiwhi sima 25 putea kg, ki te he te reira e tika ana ki te kati ake te poka iti i roto i te taiepa. Na reira, ka he nui iti o te mahi ngä maroke rite ko te rerekē pai.

Te mahi ki te raima

Tika whiriwhiria hanganga mo otinga te raima taiepa roto waho ranei e tetahi o nga ngā matua o tetahi hanga. Ko e kia memeha noa te ōwehenga pai ki te kawea raima i roto i te ofatiraa o te ture tono ki te mata. Na reira ko te reira e tika ana ki te whakarongo ki tetahi me katoa wāhanga. Anake i roto i tenei take e taea tatou e titau i te pānga pai.

Kē, matotoru me te maha o ngā papa e te tikanga ano rite te hanganga. Ka taea e Hapa arahi ki hopearaa rawa kino. Kei te hanga te tono o te taputapu motuhake, me te wā wa obligatory whakaratohia hoki ia momo o te ranunga.

Ki te wheako iti o taua mahi, tūtohu tatou te maha whakahauanga o te tamataraa rere i runga i te whakaaro iti, ki te aromatawai i to ratou ake kaha.

Utauta me pū o papa takitahi

Ki te kawea te mahi i roto i ki o koutou ringa, ka hiahia koe etahi taputapu mō te hanga:

• te tikanga;
• paramu;
• taumata;
• spatulas o ngā rahi;
• aho;
• grater mō grouting.

Hoatu he paparanga tuatahi, me te tuarua whakamana te ki te paramu, he tuatoru - matū. Ko te tikanga, whakatakotoria te paparanga tuatahi i runga i te mata tautoko mō ngā. A, no te tono i te ranunga topcoat gypsum whakamahia.

E tukatuka papa ki ngā rerekētanga nui te whakamahi i ramaroa motuhake hanga ki te whakahaere i te tukanga o te tono me te whakahāngai i o te raima.