Harawira āhuatanga maitai: te hanganga, te whakamahi

Ko te ahumahi maitai - tetahi o nga wāhanga tino nui o te GDP o ia whenua, kia rite hua reira rauemi ahurei, me te whai hua. Te kore hua te taata hua steelworks kore i taea te mahi i waho. Steel - tetahi o ratou. He momo rerekē o ngā rauemi e kua whakamahia i roto i ngā ahumahi maha. Steel, e he plasticity tiketike, me te kakahu auau, te reira - Te Harawira maitai, - koranu ahurei. E whakaritea e GOST 977-88 me ritenga ke (USA, Ingarangi, Germany, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea) Whakaritenga hoki reira.

History Harawira maitai

Ka rite ki te ingoa fokotuu, e taea te tohe i te reira e ko te reira riro Robert Harawira tenei koranu. Ko wai ko te kaiwhakawhanake? Robert Harawira - metallurgist English nei riro i te koranu ki te kaha teitei i roto i 1882. Tino hohoro, kua horahia e tenei parahi, a ko te rauemi rawa ahurei.

I muri kua whakawhanakehia Te Harawira Steel he ahurei, paanga i roto i tona whanaketanga i te hōia. E kore te mea poitirere tenei, mai i te koranu taua ko te wāhanga faufaa mo te hanganga o te taputapu tiaki mo te hōia.

tiketike hōia potae - te taputapu tiaki tuatahi, e hāngai ana nei i runga i Harawira maitai. i whakamahia e te hoia o te British Army enei potae, ka ka hiahia i roto i te whanaketanga o te hōia US me kua tīmata ratou production. Whakatika ki te 80 hangarau Harawira maitai kihai i huri. Otiia ki te-doma 80 i whakawhanakehia organoplastics kore ko e kaha rauemi iti whakawhanakehia e te metallurgist Ingarangi, engari ko te reira nui māmā.

Potae mo te hōia - e kore te reira anake te whakamahi o Harawira maitai. Ko te kamupene Ingarangi "Vickers" Ko te tuatahi ki te kia whakamahia mō te tahi atu mau tumu i te parahi nui-kōeke. timata aroturuki taraka Armoured whakaputa Harawira o te koranu i roto i te 20. taraka Steel tank nui haere tēnei pukapuka i 500 ki te 4800 kiromita. I roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao, he hua rite i roto i te pukapuka whakaaro te tata te merekara. riro Harawira maitai kua mahuinga mō te whanaketanga tank. Maoro, whakamahia tenei koranu e i roto i te tank kore anake, engari ano i roto i te tahi atu ahumahi. I roto i te USSR, te timatanga o Harawira parahi te kamaka i te 1936.

Harawira Steel: Composition

Tātari hanganga matū, i roto i ngā e taea te kite i te ōrau o te waro me te konupora i he reira austenitic maitai. he hanganga taua whakapiki i te ātete kākahu me whakapakeketia te koranu. Ko te kupu, he ātete ki te tukanga deformation te parahi, he nui rawa o te ukanga me te taikaha. Steelmakers mea e ko te koranu he kowiri tira tuatahi, e kua tīmata ki te papatipu-hua tenei.

Āhuatanga o Harawira maitai

e kore i taea te tukatuka Nā ki ona āhuatanga austenitic maitai na roto i te tapahi taputapu, no te mea e he pokey tiketike. kia tika hoki te hanga o ngā hua i hanga i tenei rauemi niao anake.

Te Harawira koranu kua he kaha nui mō te mahi pakeke, i te mea tino teitei ake i taua o alloys maitai rite. Austenitic maitai he pakeke iti, ātete kākahu tiketike engari ano hoki i runga i te pānga, te pēhanga teitei, me te pāmahana pata. I runga i enei āhuatanga, ka taea e tatou te mea e te metallurgist maitai Ingarangi e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao ha'iriiri.

hangarau Rawa fehokotaki'anga Harawira maitai

Ko tino i raro i taua o te tahi atu steels, 4-6 wa te kawe ia waiariki o te austenite. Ko te tau whakarea roha waiariki he maha nga wa, nui atu i taua o nga steels iti-waro - i roto i te 1,9 wa. He āhuatanga tino nui o te whakarewa, na te pānga i runga i te taea o te papatanga matao i roto i te puaretanga pāmahana enei.

He he he tūponotanga nui, me te papatanga wera e tika ana ki te na'ina'iraa o te koranu makanga, i te mea 1.6 wā atu whakarewa iti-waro. liliu te pāmahana teitei te hanganga austenitic ki te martensitic, e faarahi te tūpono o kapiti i te rohe o pāmahana teitei.

Ngā wāhanga o te tono Harawira maitai

Nā ki tona hanganga matū, āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te austenite whakamahia i roto i ngā ahumahi maha. Mā te hua maitai, e taea e koe mohio o ratou tika, me te mauroa teitei.

Kākahu-ātete maitai ko te rauemi rongonui. He maha nui o ahumahi e hua hua nui-kaha, whakamahia Harawira maitai. Ko te hua e whai ake nei whakaputaina i tenei koranu:

• hua Engineering.
• Truckee tāke anuhe.
• Tarakihana.
• Railway whakawhiti.
• Turnouts, e taea o mahi i roto i te kawenga pānga me te abrasion tikanga pakeke.
• tutaki whare herehere i runga i te matapihi.
• wāhanga kaiwawahi.

Whakangahau Kei te hokohoko taiepa ripekapeka herehere o austenite. He tokomaha whakapono e ko te reira pohehe āhua o herehere nei e ngana ana ki te mawhiti. E ai ki nga Talafungani o te momo, puku maha whanaunga te kani ki herehere nei i roto i te tumanako o te haere noa timata ki te tapahia tutaki matapihi.

I roto i te take o te whakarewa noa he mawhiti pea. Otiia koranu Harawira - ko reira kakahu-ātete maitai, i te mea te nuinga o te mira maitai ki te kite taea. Ki te tīmata koe ki te kite i te wini whakakahokaho o te koranu Harawira, tīmata reira whakapakeke te mata, e tika ana ki te pakeke o te austenite. faarahi kani maitai ripekapeka te pakeke, me te pakeke handsaw runga ake. Na reira, ka taea e tatou e te kōrero e pā ana ki te unreality o mawhiti.

parahi 110G13L

Steel 110G13L kōeke - koranu, e whakamahia nei mō ngā castings me he āhuatanga motuhake. Tenei parahi he ātete kākahu tiketike i nga whiu ranei Pārōnaki pēhanga.

steels Taupānga 110G13L

Tenei momo o te parahi whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te rauemi e whai ake nei:

• wāhanga hopoi'a taimaha e hiahia ana ki te kia roa.
• kaiwawahi koeko.
• Ko nga niho o excavators taiepa.
• Housing pōro, mira jet.

steels Analogs

he parahi taua whakaputaina e te whenua maha.

Āhuatanga o te kōeke maitai 110G13L

āhuatanga hangarau me te pūkaha o te rauemi e hoatu i roto i te papa.

āhuatanga pūkaha i T = 20 ^o C waitohu maitai 110G13L

maimoatanga wera

Tei Heat maimoatanga Harawira maitai i runga i te taumata o te ihirangi waro i roto i te koranu. Ko te taumata teitei o te waro, te teitei te pāmahana. Hei tauira, ki te i roto i te koranu ko reira i te 1%, kia waiho te pāmahana i raro 900 nekehanga. Ki te 1.5% waro, he taea te tukatuka i 1000 nekehanga. Ki te he reira i roto i te koranu waro i 1.6%, kia waiho te pāmahana i runga 1050 nekehanga. aru ana tēnei e tautauā wai.

hiahiatia High pāmahana te mo te oti whakakorenga o carbides, haafaufaa te kounga o te makanga, a mo te tupu o purapura austenite. maka ana te wā te rongo tei runga i tona matotoru. Ko te kupu, tā te matotoru 30-mm waiwai i roto i te 4 haora, me 125 mm - 24 haora.

Abrasion ātete Harawira maitai i roto i te huru e rite ana-maka ko te taua rite i muri i tinei. karapotia hanganga austenite e te carbide me whakatoatoa mata kakahu tikanga me te ōrite koranu mea etaeta. reira e taea te tohe te reira e i roto i te tahi mau microvolumes austenite whakarewa he te taua kaha me te mauroa rite maitai whakapakeke. Ko tōna nui haere fragility tika ki te mana o te mātiti carbide, e ai te kukū kaha o taumahatanga ā-.

I whakawhanakehia Harawira maitai e rave rahi ahuru matahiti i ma'iri a'e. I teie mahana, koranu maitai - ko te wāhi o te hanga o ngā hua maha i roto i ngā ahumahi rerekē. Te kore taua ahumahi rite hanga mīhini, te hinu me te hau, matū, tukatuka kai, e kore i taea e ahumahi pūngao mahi tika. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te hanga, tank ahumahi me te whanaketanga o ngā momo hou o patu e whakamahi ahumahi whakatutukitanga maitai hou. Heoi, e kore e tino matau Engineers me metallurgists katoa o nga āhuatanga, ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te steels koranu.