He aha te mea te patohanga i roto i te koiora? Tenei kōtuitanga pūmua wāhanga

Whakaritenga i roto i te Biology - he tukanga maha-taahiraa o pānui mōhiohio i te DNA, i te mea he wāhanga o te pūmua biosynthesis i te pūtau. waikawa karihi Ko te kawe o te mōhiohio ā-ira i roto i te tinana, pera he mea nui ki te kīa reira, ka whakawhiti ki ētahi atu hanganga pūtau mō te huihui atu peptides.

Ko te wā "tuhi i roto i te koiora"

Kōtuitanga pūmua Ko te tukanga faufaa nui i roto i tetahi pūtau o te tinana. Te kore e kore e taea e te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota peptide mau tonu te ora noa, t. Ki enei pūhui matū waro e whai wāhi i roto i ngā tukanga pūkoro tinana katoa, he wāhanga hanganga o maha kopa me okana, ka tākaro i te tohu e fakatonutonu me te wāhi tiaki i roto i te tinana.

Ko te tukanga, i haamata ki te biosynthesis pūmua, ko te patohanga. Biology poto tuwhatuwhaia reira ki e toru ngā wāhanga:

1. Tomokanga.
2. Elongation (ake i tuipūmua mekameka).
3. Whakamutunga.

Whakaritenga i roto i te Biology - ko te tauhohe Niniiraa stepwise e hua i roto i te tātauira DNA rāpoi ngota RNA synthesized. Na ko te kupu i hanga waikawa kore ngā mōhiohio anake ribonucleic, engari ano hoki waka, ribosomal, karihi iti me ētahi atu.

Ka rite ki ki tetahi tukanga matüora, Tei te tuhi i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha. Tuatahi o te katoa, he whākōkī e rerekē i roto i ngā prokaryotes me eukaryotes. Ēnei pūmua motuhake te āwhina kōkiri me te kawe i ngā tauhohenga te tuhi tika, i te mea nui mō te whiwhi putanga pūmua-kounga tiketike.

te tuhi o ngā prokaryotes

Mai trankriptsiya koiora - ko te kōtuitui o te RNA i runga i te tauira DNA, i roto i tenei tukanga nuinga whākōkī ko te RNA polymerase DNA-ti'aturi. I roto i te huakita, i reira he kotahi anake te momo o polymerases mō ngā rāpoi ngota katoa o te waikawa ribonucleic.

RNA polymerase rite ki te parau tumu o te kïnakitanga whakaoti whenu RNA whakamahi tauira DNA mekameka. I roto i te hanganga o tenei whākōkī e rua β-subunits, kotahi α-subunit me kotahi σ-subunit. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi e rua mahi hanganga tinana rite whākōkī, me te toe e rua e te kawenga mō te pupuri o te pūmua whākōkī ki te rāpoi ngota pītauira me te āhukahuka o wahi kaiwhakatairanga o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic, aua.

Ratau, take sigma ko tetahi o nga whenua i runga i nei ia ite i te ira ngā. Hei tauira, taupū Latin reta σ N te tikanga e whakaae te polymerase RNA nga ira e kua ngā ki te hē o te hauota i roto i te taiao.

Traskriptsiya i roto i eukaryotes

Rerekē huakita, puta atu uaua kararehe me ngā otaota tuhi. Tuatahi, i roto i ia pūtau kore e reira tetahi engari e toru ngā momo rerekē o polymerases RNA. I roto ia ratou:

1. RNA polymerase I. Ko haepapa mo te patohanga o ira tuipūmua ribosomal (anake mo nga 5s ribosomal subedinitsv RNA).
2. RNA polymerase II. Ko tōna misioni ko ki synthesize te mōhiohio (kopu) waikawa ribonucleic noa, e ka whai wāhi i roto i te haapurororaa.
3. RNA polymerase III. Ko te mahi o tenei momo o polymerases ko ki te synthesize waka waikawa ribonucleic, me RNA 5s-ribosomal.

Tuarua, mo te aronga o te kaiwhakatairanga i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic nedostachno whai polymerase anake. I te tomokanga o te tuhi e hoki peptides motuhake wāhi, ka karanga TF-pūmua. Anake ki a ratou mā te polymerase RNA kia tango i te tīmatanga o te ariā DNA me ngā rāpoi ngota RNA.

Meaning o te tuhi

Ko te rāpoi ngota RNA i hanga e te i runga i te tauira DNA, muri piri ki te ribosomes te wahi e lau ai ki te kōrero, me te pūmua synthesized. He nui hoki te pūtau te tukanga o te hanganga o te peptide, rite kahore enei pūhui matū waro e kore e taea e te ora noa: he matua ratou te pūtake mo te whākōkī tino nui o tauhohe matüora.

Tuhi i roto i te koiora - he reira ano hoki te puna o rRNA, e he wahi o te ribosome me te tRNA, e whai wāhi i roto i te waka o waikawa amino i roto i translation o enei hanganga kore-membrane. kia hoki kia synthesized ratou snRNA (karihi iti), ko tona mahi ngā i roto i te splicing o ngā rāpoi ngota RNA.

mutunga

Translation me te tuhi i roto i te koiora tākaro he wāhi tino hira i roto i te kōtuitui o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua. Enei tukanga Ko te wāhanga matua o te pono mārika pokapū o koiora rāpoi, e kī e synthesized te kopu DNA e RNA, ko RNA, i roto i te tahuri, ko te pūtake mō te timata i te hanganga o ngā rāpoi ngota pūmua.

Te kore tuhi e waiho e taea ki te pānui i ngā mōhiohio ā e te roto i te demoni o te waikawa deoxyribonucleic. fakamo'oni'i kotahi ano tenei te faufaa o te tukanga i te taumata koiora. Tetahi pūtau, ahakoa prokaryotic eukaryotic ranei, me synthesize tonu rāpoi hou, me te pūmua hou, e he tika i te kau ki te paturu i te ora. Na reira, tuhi i roto i te koiora - he te wā matua i roto i te mahi o ia pūtau takitahi i roto i te tinana.