Kia kōrero a pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization

Kia kōrero a pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization, me te whakaaro i te hanganga āhuahanga o te rāpoi ngota.

Ko te kōrero o te wā

I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau kua whakaarohia L. Polinglom te ariā o te āhuahanga o ngā rāpoi ngota ki te here kotuari. Ka rite ki te pūtake mō te hanga i te hononga i tangohia īnaki o kapua irahiko. ka mohiotia te tikanga rite here honohono. Me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te momo o hybridization o te ngota i roto i pūhui? Kaituhi o te ariā e whakaarohia ana ki te tango ki pūkete te ranunga o orbitals ranu.

whakamāramatanga

I roto i te tikanga ki te mahino e founga ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization i te pūhui, whakamārama tatou e pā tenei wā.

Hybridization Ko te Mixing o te orbitals hiko. haere tahi ana tēnei tukanga e te tohatoha o te pūngao i roto i a ratou, te huri i to ratou āhua. Runga anō i te nui o ka i konatunatua s- me p-orbitals, e taea te rerekē te momo o te hybridization. kia tīariari te pūhui waro organic i roto i te sp kāwanatanga, SP2, sp3. He hoki puka matatini ake e whai wāhi mai, i roto i te tua ki te SP, d-orbitals.

Ture ki te tāutu i ngā rāpoi ngota inorganics

Ka taea e Hybridization whakakitea ahua hoki pūhui ki te here matū kotuari ki momo AWP. A - taketake ngota, B - ligand, n - maha o rua, neke atu rānei. I roto i te āhuatanga rite i roto i te hybridization ka tomo anake te orbitals honohono o te ngota matua.

Methods mō te whakatau

Ka kōrero tatou atu e pā ana ki te āhua o ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization. I roto i te māramatanga matū titau te wā pūngao āhua huringa me orbitals. He he he tukanga rite i roto i te hunga wā i reira e whakamahia nga irahiko e no ki ngā momo rerekē o te here hanganga.

Ki te mārama me pēhea te ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization, whakaaro te rāpoi ngota mewaro. Ko tēnei rauemi Ko te mema tuatahi o te raupapa huirua o kukū (rohe) waiwaro. I roto i te wāhi o te CH4 rāpoi ngota he matawhārite. hanga ngota waro kotahi te hononga hauwai pūngao rite, me te roa. I roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te taua kapua ranu, i reira e toru es p me kotahi irahiko.

He whakauru wha kapua, a reira e wha ōrite (ranu) pato he kōhikohiko āhua waru. karanga tatou i tenei momo o te hybridization sp3. te waiwaro katoa i roto i te hanganga ohie (kotahi) here anake nei, Kei te āhuatanga i reira e tenei momo o te hybridization o waro ngota. Bond koki ko 109 nekehanga 28 meneti.

tonu tatou ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te pehea, ki te whakatau i te momo o te hybridization. Tauira o te pūwaro hamanga o te raupapa ethylene hoatu he whakaaro o te SP2-hybridization. Hei tauira, i roto i te rāpoi ngota ethylene o te wha irahiko honohono i roto i te hanganga o here matū e whakamahia ana te toru anake. haere te toe kākano-kore p-irahiko ki te hanganga o te here rua.

Acetylene Ko te māngai māmā o te piha haapiiraa SpN2p-2. Ko te taa o tenei piha haapiiraa o waiwaro ko te aroaro o te here takitoru. O te irahiko honohono, e wha o te ngota waro rua anake huri ratou āhua me te pūngao, hoko kākano. Ko te toe irahiko e rua whai wāhi i roto i te hanganga o te rua here rua, whakatau i te āhua hamanga o tenei piha o ngā pūhui matū waro.

mutunga

Whakaaro i te pātai mo te here matū kotuari o matū waro, me te pararopi, whakaaro te hybridization o orbitals ngota. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he hāngaitanga o ratou pūngao me te puka. Hiko, kei tata te karihi o te ngota herea, āhuatanga e te huinga o orbitals e riro ōrite tau aronui. hanga mōhiohio e pā ana te momo o te hybridization reira taea ki te arotake i te āhuatanga matū o te taonga.