He aha te mea te tumu parau o te tīpakonga? Ko te whakatutukitanga o te tupuranga hou

Tīpakonga Ko tetahi o te pūtaiao tino hou, me te matatau. Ngā mihi ki ona whakatutukitanga i hanga momo hou o ngā kaiao ora, e kua kawea maha painga ki te taata. ka mea Kaupapa, whāinga me ahunga matua o te tupuranga e lāulea ki i roto i to tatou tuhinga.

mahi Kaupapa me te kōwhiringa

He aha te mea te tumu parau o te tīpakonga? Ko te pūtaiao o te whakapai ake ngā me te whakawhanake ahu kararehe hou, te tipu momo me microorganisms. Ko tōna kaupapa ko te ako me te whakatinanatanga i roto i mahi o ngā tauira motuhake o ratou kukuwhatanga. Ko te whakatutukitanga o te pūkete tupuranga hou mō tekau o mano o kohuke mo te tinana tangata. Ko te pūtake ariā o tenei aronga ko te atu pūtaiao - iranga. whakaaro te reira i te āhuatanga o te whakapapa me te rerekētanga o nga mea ora katoa.

Ko te whāinga matua o te tupuranga ko ki te whakawhānau momo atu hua o te tipu, me te momo āna. Ano, kei te ngana pūtaiao ki te kawe takitahi e e unpretentious ki nga tikanga o te taiao me te huringa i roto i te taha kino mo ratou. E te aroaro moroiti rite tono. Tenei ātete ki tukanga mutational me te auau wehenga o whai hua huakita pūtau.

tikanga Basic o tupuranga

He aha te mea te tumu parau o te kōwhiringa, kitea e matou i roto i. Otiia mai he tino rerekē i ia atu i roto i te hanganga me te āhuatanga nga rauropi katoa ako, ia o ratou i reira he rōpū rerekē o ngā tikanga. Mai nga wa onamata, whakamahia iwi kōwhiringa ara pohehe. Ko te kōwhiringa Ko te tikanga tuatahi. Āpiti atu ki te whakamahi i ia hybridization me te mahi o mutagens. I te wā nei o te whanaketanga whakamahia te tikanga whakamātautau faufaa hou - ira, me te pūtau engineering.

hangarau koiora

I tēnei wā, ngā tukanga me ngā pūnaha koiora whai tauine production ahumahi. Ko te hua whiwhi tino momo o microorganisms, ahurea o ngā pūtau me te kopa o te tipu me te kararehe. Na nga whakatutukitanga o tupuranga hou hua hua tūturu ki ngā āhuatanga këtia.

Āhuatanga o te tipu tupuranga

Na tino puka taketake - e ko te tumu parau o te kōwhiringa. Heoi, ko te hanganga ngā o te tipu e āhei ki te whakamahi i anake etahi tikanga ki te hanga i ngā āhuatanga hou e hāngai ana i runga i te taketake. Tenei inbreeding, polyploidy, me mutagenesis hybridization. I roto ia ratou e nehenehe e tatou te whakanui atu tuku iho. Ko te kōwhiringa rerekē o ngā momo me te hybridization tenei. Hei kawe i te momo hou ki te kounga mohio a, ko te mea e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te mahi matatini. takoto te reira i roto i te kōwhiringa o ngā puka tuatahi, me te hybridization aru i te kōwhiringa. I roto i tenei tikanga, mā te kahui ki aporo hā, me te huka āhuatanga tino whiwhi i ngā momo whakakotahi āhuatanga tino hybrids.

Whai hua i roto i te tipu tupuranga ko te tikanga o te heterosis. Ki te mahi i tenei, me kawe koe he raupapa motuhake o ngā rārangi pokekore, a ka whiti ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi. Ko te hua, ko te he momo atu hua o maha hua me te pewa te hua.

Ko te āhuatanga o te polyploidy ko te hua maha i roto i te maha o ngā pūira. I te tīmatanga, ko te reira i roto i te āhua o te ara tūturu ka whai wāhi ki mutagens tipu. I te wā nei, maha mahi tutu'a i runga i ngā pūtau diploid colchicine pāhare. Kua nui haere puka whiwhi hua whakaritea ki tauanga. puta ke te tohuira te ki ratou tetraploid.

kararehe tupuranga

Ko te kararehe tupuranga e whakamahia tikanga ahua rerekē, no te mea kahore e ahei o te uri vegetative ratou. whakamahi Scientists kōwhiringa nuinga takitahi me te hybridization o rua momo. A, no te inbreeding hua kitea i roto i te homozygosity, e arata'i ki te tupu o nga momo me te mate o ona mau huru faufaa. Hei karo i tēnei, tutu'a kē o poto, me te outbreeding. whakahaere kaipūtaiao tino takitahi ki te tiki i roto i ripekatia o takitahi o ngā momo rerekē. Tauira o taua whanaketanga he kaihe tupuranga ranu me te hoiho - muera, a Yak kau - haynak. Ko te raruraru ko te e he horomata te nuinga o nga takitahi whiwhi i taua ripeka, a kore e taea hua uri hua. Ko te okotahi ki tenei tikanga ko te liger me Tigon, he nehenehe o uri atu nga uwha o nei.

Microorganisms, a tino ratou tupuranga

Na, kia kitea tatou i roto i te mea ko te kaupapa o te kōwhiringa o microorganisms. Ko momo katoa o huakita prokaryotic, hātare, harore pūtau-tahi me ngā otaota raro tenei - pükohu. He tokomaha o ratou he puna o ngā rongoā, tāpiritanga kai, maniua, whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te waina, taro me te miraka hua. I roto i te tikanga ki te kawe i manga nui, me te hua i roto i te hanga ahumahi, me haere koe i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga. tāutuhia Tuatahi nga pūtau tino pūmau. Ko te pūtake o tenei kōwhiringa ko te tāupetanga iranga. Atu taumahatanga tino tukinotia ki mutagens. I muri ko te mea e tika ana ki te tāutu i e puta ke kē te pūtau tino hua tohuira. E i raro iramate tīpakohia ki irava toutou runga i te reo tupu hou. Na kua whakatipuria taumahatanga kua tīpakohia i runga i te tauine ahumahi.

Tuhinga mo te whanaketanga o te hangarau koiora

Kua awhinatia te whakatutukitanga o te tupuranga hou ki te whakaoti maha ngā raruraru nui. Hei tauira, kei te āwhina i te hou ahu, momo tipu atu hua, me ahu kararehe whakarato wāhi kai o te ao e te hunga tino i roto i te hiahia.

Ko te whakamahi o te vermicompost me maniua e kua i runga i chemotroph me noke whakarato whakatere tupu o te papatipu tipu. A, no te whakamahi i te matū whiwhi tutu'a, te oneone pai tukua ki te hauota, me te phytohormones.

Ko te whakaputa uri o ngā tipu e piki haere te whakamahi i kiko tikanga ahurea, i roto i nei e taea te tiki e koe e kore te te rauemi whakatō huaketo e huaketo. I runga i te pūtake o te moroiti-kaiao i roto i nga tau tata nei kua hanga tutu'a pūmua kai hou e e pai riro e kararehe.

Ko te hoki Tīpakonga he wahi nui o te ahumahi ho'oraa hou. Ki te biosynthesis rite hormones, paturopi, me whākōkī.

Ko te kupu, he tikanga na e taea e koe te whakapai ake i te hua o ahumahi ahuwhenua, kai me te ho'oraa i te kōwhiringa kaupapa. I tēnei wā, te whakawhetai ki te whakatutukitanga o te pūtaiao i hanga ngā momo hou, ahu, me te moroiti-kaiao, e tika ana ki nei e maha o nga raruraru o te tangata e faatiti'aifarohia.