He pononga ā - ko te ... Rahi penihana me utu o ngā kaimahi kāwanatanga

He pononga ā - he tangata e kei roto i te mahi o te kāwanatanga. I roto i tenei take, i whakaritea he momo o ngaio me ngā mahi e anake e te ngākau nuitanga o te whenua. Me pēhea te ki te riro i te pononga tivira, ka taea e koe e mahara me pehea e whakatupato ratou i runga i te utu me te mōhio? Tenei ko nga pātai matua mo te hunga e faaoti ki te whiriwhiri i tenei aronga i roto i te ora.

Ko wai te mea he mōhiohio kāwanatanga?

Ko te mahi o tetahi whenua - te reira tino kanorau, matatini, me te whānui tukanga. Ko te reira i te āhua whakarite te mahi pūmau o rāngai katoa o te ōhanga. A ko reira mārama e i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite mahi pūmau o tenei pūnaha he whakahaere me te ruruku tinana motuhake.

He pononga ā - he tangata e noho i te tūranga e pā ana ki te whakarato o te kāwanatanga. Heoi, tangata hoatu e ia a ia he utu e ōrite ana ki te taumata o te pūtea te whenua o.

kawea ratonga Civil te atu i roto i taua ahunga:

• ngā mahi tivira;
• te whawhai;
• uruhi ture.

Āhuatanga te mahi o pononga tūmatanui katoa e whakaritea i roto i te ture motuhake "I State Ratonga roto i te Russian Federation". Ko reira konei e tohua nga ngā o te mahi o tenei pūnaha nui. E te tika ki te kia anake tangata o te State pononga Civil. Ko reira he okotahi, e kua tautuhia e te tikanga ture e hāngai ana ranei.

Ko te utu o pononga ā-tei runga i te aronga o te mahi e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i runga i te paetukutuku te me te tūranga matua. I roto i tenei take, i ia kōwae kua he pūnaha motuhake o te tātai me te utu.

History o Ratonga Civil i Russia

Ahakoa te meka e vai te Russian Empire mō ngā rau tau, mana puta konei rangatira ki te rau tau waenganui-17 anake. I mua, ko reira pea tika he kaimahi.

Ko roto i te rau tau 17 i reira nga tikanga e hāngai ana, me mau ture faatere i te mahi o tenei paparanga o te taupori. A ara na i taea reira kia mea e te pononga ā - he tangata ki mana motuhake, me te mana. Ko kino atu pinepine ratou o ratou ake tūranga, ka koa ngaahi monū motuhake.

whakaaro te ture taketake mō te tuatahi tenei kaihe ko te "Ripanga o rarangi," 1722. E ai ki reira, tata whakaritea nga rangatira katoa hoki te ora.

I roto i te 1917, ki te taenga mai o te mana Soviet hou tukuna he "tikanga i runga i te mahi ā-iwi." to ratou tukunga atu nga tangata tawhito katoa, a ka i ki Tarahihi me te hanganga hou o te mana kāwanatanga i te tahae, me te "kaimahi noa". I te tīmatanga, ngā te taputapu whakahaere o te USSR o 300 mano tohunga. Neke atu i te wa, kua tino nui haere to ratou tokomaha, me te taha o te mutunga o te rau tau 20. nui te reira 1.5 Mill.

I roto i tenei take, te moni e pā ana o pononga ture e kore e rahi ake i te utu toharite o te kaimahi noa. Heoi, kua i tohunga he maha o monū rite te mahi kore utu i roto i te mau fare te u motuhake, toa, me te pera i runga i. D.

kāwai o pononga ture

Tei tika Tetahi utu mātanga i runga i tona ranei ona tohu mātauranga, tūranga me te wheako. I raro i te ture Russian nāianei, kua wehea pononga metarahi ki ngā rōpū matua e rima:

1. ngaio o muri. kaimahi noa.
2. ngaio tuākana. kaiwhakahaere waenganui.
3. Ārahi pononga ture.
4. tohunga nui.
5. tūranga kāwanatanga matua. Matua reira ko ratou kaiāwhina.

Ano, kei te whakaritea pononga tūmatanui katoa ki te taumata tohu e tika ana i ngā kōeke motuhake ranei. Kei te hoki whakaturia ratou e te ture. I muri i te katoa, te kaimahi kāwanatanga - ko te kaimahi tohu ki hanganga pou e tika ana. E whakaritea ēnei paraire i muri i te tetahi whakamātautau:

• Referent - no te pononga ture teina.
• Kaitohutohu o te Russian Federation - ngaio matua. Na te kawana.
• State Kaitohutohu o te Russian Federation. No te kaimahi 1, 2 me te 3 ngā akomanga.
• Whakakapi State Kaitohutohu o te Russian Federation.

moni

Utu - e kore te mea anake te puna o te oranga. I roto i tetahi utu hinonga kaimahi ngā o te maha ngā wāhanga. Ko te hua ngā o pononga metarahi o te utu me te taniko hua. He kia kia maha ngā, i runga i te paetukutuku te me tohu mātauranga rānei.

Ēnei utu ngā:

• bonus tūranga matua. Hei tauira, mo te wā i te 1 ki te 5 tau o kaimahi utu 10% o te utu i runga i te kaupapa i ia marama. Na ka hoki ia wā-tau e rima i muri mai te tāpiri ki te 5%. Ko tata te rahi mōrahi o te tahua i te tuatoru o te utu.
• Ko te tohu mo te mahi o ngā mahi rawa matatini, me te nui. Kei te takoto te reira i takitahi hoki ia okana o mahi tūmatanui.
• Tāpiri mō te mahi ki te ngaro kāwanatanga tikanga motuhake o te mahi ranei. Ano, kia nui tona rahi utu tata 2 nga wa.
• whakatairanga Marama.
• āwhina Material me te utu moni puranga ina meinga koe he tau faafaaearaa.

He pononga ā - ko te pā ana utu i, rite tetahi atu kaimahi, tei runga i te hua o ona ngā mahi, me te pai.

whakaritenga utu

I tua atu ki te utu taketake me te utu whakaratohia hoki e te ture i reira e nui o te tahi atu utu e taea te whakatū mana rohe. I te wa ano (e tika ana ki te indexation) whakarato hoki te ture mo te hua ā-tau i roto i utu o pononga ture.

Utu i roto i tenei piha haapiiraa o ngaio rawa iti: i 3000 ki te 6000 p. Ano, te reira i katoa tei runga i te ana'iraa me te roa o te mahi o ia mōhiohio.

I roto i te hanganga o te pire utu ā-tau, i roto i te tua ki te tāurunga matua, ngā he rahui motuhake, arā, o:

• Tahua mō te mahi roa. Ko tōna rahi, ko te toru utu e pā ana.
• Utu mō te mahi ki te ngaro kāwanatanga. Tenei utu kaimahi kāwanatanga, nui haere 1.5 wa.
• poapoa moni Marama.
• Utu mo te ana'iraa piha motuhake. Ko reira rite ki te wha utu kaimahi.
• tohu Various mo te tupuraa me mo-tupuraa o te ngā taumata i whakaritea - 200%.

utua te utu e, rite ki te tikanga, e rua he marama. Ko te wahi tuatahi - mua (ki 40%), me te toenga - tika utu ki ngā utu. Ka rite ki ki katoa marama whakahaere nga takoha nui katoa ki ngā moni kāwanatanga.

Ano ka noa pononga ā kia tika ki utua poroporoaki mate (tei te nui i runga i te utu katoa).

tātaitanga o te penihana

He pononga ā - ko te tikanga e he wātea ki tetahi tangata e taea-marohirohi o te Russian Federation, e kua he taumata etahi o te mātauranga motuhake me ngā pūkenga e pā ana. A e tika ana taua kaimahi ia ki te penihana ataahua.

Heoi, i tona tukanga o tātai me te nui, tei runga i te momo o te pononga ngā tūmatanui. E rua ngā momo o penihana: tūranga matua me te tau. kia utua ratou i te wa ano, me te, rite ki te tikanga, i muri i te pananga o te kaimahi.

Tahua o ngā hua pāpori, rite ki raraunga tata, i reira te mea he tohu motuhake te hoatu utu, te ana'iraa taitara ranei, me te. Whakaaro hoki te wahi whakamutunga mahi he kaimahi.

Ko te nui iti o te penihana kore e taea e iti iho i te te iti oranga. Na reira, tīmata ai ki te nui o 5-7 mano. Moni.