Hea puta kōtuitanga pūmua? Ko te ngako o te tukanga, me te wāhi o te kōtuitanga pūmua i roto i te pūtau

He tino nui mo te pūtau te tukanga o te pūmua biosynthesis. No te mea he pūmua matū matatini e tākaro he wāhi taketake i roto i te kikokiko, he koha ratou. Hoki tenei take, i roto i te tukanga pūtau katoa whakatinana mekameka pūmua biosynthesis, e puta i roto i te maha o organelles. Mā tenei e te reproduction pūtau me te taea o te oraraa.

biosynthesis WHAKARĀPOPOTOTANGA pūmua

Ko te wahi anake i te kōtuitui o pūmua - ko te taratara kiriuwhi. Tenei ko te nuinga o ribosomes, e he kawenga mō te hanganga o te mekameka polypeptide. Heoi, i mua i te wā o te iritiraa (kōtuitanga pūmua), titau faaitoitoraa o te ira, e pupuru ana ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hanganga o haamata te pūmua. I muri iho, e hiahiatia ana tenei wahi e ki te tārua DNA (RNA, ka tirohia te biosynthesis kitakita ranei).

I muri i te kape DNA o RNA hiahiatia te hanganga o te tukanga mōhiohio. I runga i te pūtake o tona kōtuitanga pūmua ka kawea i roto i o te mekameka. Na nga kaupae katoa e puta e pā waikawa karihi, me tango te wahi i roto i te karihi pūtau. Heoi, e kore te mea he wahi i reira puta te kōtuitanga pūmua tenei. Tenei tauwāhi, e faaineine nei mo te biosynthesis.

biosynthesis pūmua Ribosomal

wahi Main i reira te ariā pūmua - reira ribosome, organelle pūtau, arā, o rua subunits. Taua hanganga i roto i te pūtau, he nui nui, a ka e te nuinga kei ratou i roto i nga kiriuhi o te kiriuwhi taratara. biosynthesis iho ko e whai ake: i roto i te karihi pūtau i hanga RNA karere haere i roto i te kōputaputa karihi ki te cytoplasm me tutuki ki te ribosome. ko reira mRNA peia ki te āputa i waenganui i nga subunits ribosome, tokomanawa te warea o te waikawa amino tuatahi.

Ki te wahi i reira te kōtuitui pūmua, kua tukua waikawa amino i te tikanga o te whakawhiti RNA. Ka taea e tetahi taua muingota kotahi mau tetahi waikawa amino. uru ratou i te wa i runga i te raupapa o te codons karere RNA rānei. Hoki, ka taea te mutu te kōtuitui mo te ia.

I neke haere te mRNA, e taea te tiki i te ribosome ki te wāhi (introns) e kore e e whakawaehere waikawa amino. I roto i enei wahi, neke te ribosome haere te mRNA, engari i reira he kahore tua waikawa amino ki te mekameka. Ka rite ki te ribosome tae te exon e ko, te pae, e encodes te waikawa, ka kua piri ano reira ki te polypeptide.

whakarerekētanga Postsynthetic o pūmua

I muri pa te codon mutu o te mRNA ribosome mutu tukanga kōtuitanga tika. Heoi rāpoi ngota hua kua he hanganga tuatahi, me te ano e kore e taea te mahi i mahi i whakatoea mo reira. I roto i te tikanga ki te tika te mahi, me ka whakaritea te rāpoi ngota i roto i te tetahi hanganga: tuarua, tuatoru ranei noa atu matatini - quaternary.

Ko te whakahaere hanganga o te pūmua

hanganga Tuarua - te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakahaere hanganga. Hei whakatutuki i kia spiralized te mekameka polypeptide tuatahi (ki te hanga i Arepa-helix) ranei piko (ki te hanga i te beta-papa). Na, i roto i te tikanga ki te tango ake ara iti wāhi me te roa o te rāpoi ngota atu unuhia tahi, ka maru ia ki te pōro i te hauwai, kotuari me katote here, me te te taunekeneke interatomic. Ko te kupu, he flare hanganga pūmua.

hanganga pūmua Quaternary

Ko te hanganga quaternary nga faingataa o katoa. Kei a ia ko te maha ngā wāhanga ki te hanganga hono whenu polypeptide fibrillar flare. I tua atu, kia Kei wānanga me te quaternary hanganga he warowaihā lipid ranei toenga, e faarahi te whānuitanga o ngā mahi pūmua. I roto i ngā, glycoproteins, pūhui matatini o te pūmua, me te warowaihā, he immunoglobulins ka mahi i te mahi tiaki. Hoki glycoproteins kei i runga i te kiriuhi o ngā pūtau me receptors mahi. Heoi, e kore whakarerekē muingota wahi puta kōtuitanga pūmua, me i roto i te pūnaha kiriuwhi maeneene. Tenei te mea e ahei tāpiritanga lipid, konganuku me warowaihā ki rohe pūmua.