Hinu Engine: tapanga, whakaahuatanga, whakarōpū. Aha nga tohu o te hinu nekeneke?

E whakamahia hinu lubricating i te tangata mō ngā mano o nga tau 3.5. Ahakoa nga mihini māmā i roto i te hiahia o ratou. I mua i te taeraa mai o te hinu, me ona pärönaki e whakamahia ngā hinu huawhenua me ngako kararehe. Hei tauira, i whakamahia ai i roto i te mahi o te mamaoa engines hinu rapeseed. pai piri ana tēnei rauemi ki papa maitai me te kore e horoia atu i te wai, me te mamaoa.

I 1859, i reira nga hua hinu, e hanga i te pūtake mo te hanganga o hinu kohuke. Ki te taeraa mai o te pūwhakakē pokey polymeric hanga taea te whakawhiti i te hotoke ki te raumati me tito katoa-wa.

Ngā momo o hinu nekeneke

Ko te hua ko te hanganga o ngā rauemi. Kei a ia ko e rua nga wahi: ko te hinu turanga me tāpiri mōkihi. whakarato te whakamutunga te momo o ngā āhuatanga hua. Tei runga i te tikanga o hokohoko te hinu turanga e wehea ki e toru ngā momo.

1. Mineral i takea mai i hinu (kohuke).

2. waihanga, te matatini hua o matūngahinu kōtuitanga. Tohu hinu nekeneke waihanga - tino waihanga. Ko te tino kounga, me te utu.

3. Semi-waihanga, hangaia i runga i te turanga kohuke ki te tua o ngā wāhanga tino waihanga (āhua-waihanga). He ngāwari whaitake i roto i te ōwehenga kounga / utu.

hinu waihanga i te maha o painga ki te faatura ki te kohuke.

whakarite

Ko te whakaaro matua o te whakahinuhinu - hanganga o te kikokore, me i te wa ano i te kiriata kaha i runga i te mata o te wahi waku ki te ārai i whakapā tika o te microroughness. Ko te kupu whakamōkitohia te kākahu te.

Taumahi o hinu nekeneke: te ao, no te penehīni me te diesel engines. He rōpū motuhake - no te powerplants e rua-patunga. Ka kitea tënei i te tapanga e tika ana o hinu nekeneke: te uara «diesel», «2t» «2 mărû e» ranei. Tona kore o taunakitanga o tono ao.

tīpakonga

Me pēhea te ki te whiriwhiri hinu pūkaha? Tohu kei maha tohu, engari e hiahia kiritaki i roto i te rua o ratou:

- taumata kounga (ahakoa he reira e tika ana mo te waka);

- pokey (ki te tika hoki te wa ngā me te āhuarangi).

titau huarahi Special hou, mihini hou.

Pahonoraa ki ngā pātai faufaa e rua homai te hinu pūkaha tohu. Deciphering reira - i roto i te pūnaha fakahokohoko tikanga.

Ratou e rave rahi. Nuinga o ngā wā e whakamahia ana e toru - SAE, API me te ACEA. I te tahi taime tāpiri ratou ILSAC.

paerewa SAE

E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i te āhuatanga pokey. Ko ratou i roto i tenei pūnaha - te matua.

SAE (American Association o Automotive Engineers) whakatakoto ana ki e pokey whānuitanga o tohu e pā ana hinu nekeneke.

Tohu whakamahi tenei taupū, whanganga i roto i ngā waeine. Atu ko reira, te teitei te pokey.

whakau ana te paerewa e toru ngā rōpū o te hinu: te raumati, hotoke me te wa katoa. Last - te noa tino.

Mai i nga ingoa o ngā momo rerekē riro te reira mārama e tenei tohu e hāngai ana i runga i te paerewa SAE, koutou e taea te ako kotahi anake te mea: ki te mea he tika hoki te whakamahi i roto i te wa ngā i roto i etahi tikanga huarere kore ranei te hinu. Anake tenei.

whakau ana te paerewa e toru ngā rōpū o hinu. rerekē ratou i roto i te tau takoto o te whakamahi.

1. 0w, 5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W - hinu te hotoke. Ratou e ono. W tawhā taupū (hotoke) - "Winter". Ko te iti, te pai te "makariri" whakamahi. uara Mōkito - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - te hinu raumati. E rima o ratou. W hainatia tawhā - "raumati". E whakaatu ana te reira i te pupuri o te pokey i pāmahana teitei. Ko te teitei te tautuhinga, te whakamahi pai ake o te hinu i roto i te wera. uara mōrahi - 60.

3. 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-50, me ētahi atu - .. Season. Ratou tau - 23.

Hei tauira, te tohu 5W30 hinu pūkaha tikanga e ko te reira te whakamahi-rangi katoa. e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana i -30 ki +20 nekehanga.

Na, he aha ngā mōhiohio ki te tohu i te hinu pūkaha, SAE tapanga homai te kiritaki?

Ko te kōrero i runga i te āhuatanga pāmahana o te reo i roto i nei te whakatau e ratou te whai ake tenei:

1. Rolling electrostarter auau tīmatanga matao kawau hake.

2. Aratau kutētē hinu i roto i te raina pūkaha. I tīmatatanga makariri kia whakarato te reira i te pēhanga e ārai pairings waku maroke.

3. whakahinuhinu pono o te raumati i roto i te mahi tonu i roto i te aratau pakeke.

API whakarōpū

Developer - American Institute o ngā hua hinu. API taea ki te whiriwhiri i te hinu mo te motokā i runga i te tau o te whakanao rānei. I muri i te katoa, te tukanga o te whakapai ake mīhini, ko te ki te puta i te engines nohopuku, ngāwari, me te matatau, tonu.

arotahi ana te whakarōpū i runga i ngā waka hua i roto i Amerika.

Tangohia te hinu pūkaha tohu pūrārangi. Te wetemunatanga ko. S (Ratonga) - penehīni, C (Commercial) - diesel. Ko te mahi o te tuarua tohu tohu te reta A i roto i te tikanga i te atu - rite kounga whakapai ake. Hei tauira, i whakaurua piha SJ tata. I te wa ano pana ia SH. whakarōpū SJ whakaritea ki te utu, me te turanga waihanga-kounga teitei hinu. E hangaia ratou mo te mihini tino hou.

SH iti i roto i te tahi mau tuhaa SJ iho, he pai hoki te hanga o te waka 1994-1989 tau i mua ratou. arotahi Class SF te i runga i pakeke motors iti-tere, me te ohie.

hinu nekeneke Universal: rua tohu, hei tauira: SF / CC, CD / SF, me ētahi atu SF / CC - "atu penehīni", CD / SF- "atu diesel." Tauira - i roto i te whakaahua.

Nā ki te whanaketanga hihiri o engines diesel ko ratou matatini: .. Turbocharged, etc. e hiahiatia rongoā motuhake mo enei tipu te mana. Na reira, ngā nga kaihanga ārahi te whānuitanga o te hinu mo engines diesel. Kua rite ēnei tito e tohu motuhake «Diesel».

I roto i te hinu rōpū motuhake mō ngā waeine mana penehīni ki te mahi mana ora. E ratou te atu ti'araa EC (Energy tiaki).

Whakarōpū o te Association o Pākehā Automobile Manufacturers (ACEA)

āhuatanga i te reira e te whakaritenga atu pākaha mo te kounga o te hinu. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te meka i roto i Europe nga tikanga motuhake o te mahi o waka me te maha atu hoahoa pūkaha.

faaite te hinu pūkaha ACEA Classification mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei.

tāutu ACEA wha akomanga o te tapanga, tikanga B, C, E. hoki penehīni, engines diesel me ngā tipu te mana rawa ki te pūtahuri catalytic.

Te whakarōpū rite te rōpū motuhake ngā hinu pūngao-tiaki. E ratou etahi āhuatanga motuhake. E tutuki e whakaiti i te matotoru hinu kiriata i pāmahana whakahaere nui ratou penapena whakamahi wahie. Etahi, te nuinga Japanese, kua hangaia engines ïa i raro i taua rama. E whakamahia hinu Energy-pai anake i roto i te wā, ina e tūtohutia ratou e te kaiwhakanao waka. Ko te kupu, e tohutohu BMW me Mercedes-Benz kore ki te whakamahi i ratou i te katoa i roto i waka o enei rama.

Aha te tohu i runga i te pūkaha hinu ACEA? Karaehe A me te B i roto i te āhuatanga o te whakaora pūngao tapanga ōrite. Eaha te auraa? Karaehe A1, A5, B1 me te B5 - pūngao-ora. Etahi - hinu paerewa. Tenei A2, A3, B2, B3, me te B4. e kore e hinu Energy-pai e whakamahia ana i roto i te waka pakeke. Kei te tono ratou pai te tiaki.

te tapa Double rite A3 / B4, Kei te whakamahia ki te rawea, hinu ao (penehīni hinuheu ranei).

He wāhanga nui o te US me ētahi o ngā kaihanga motokā Pākehā tūtohu ki o ratou waka tito o ACEA A3 / B4, te āwangawanga Japanese - ACEA A1 / B2 A5 / B5 ranei.

ILSAC whakarōpū

Ko te brainchild o rua Associations o Automobile Manufacturers - Japan me Amerika. E toru ngā akomanga o te hinu e whakarato pūngao penapena, me te tikanga mo te waka penehīni pāhihi. Tapanga: GF-1, GF-2 me GF-3.

He pai mō ngā waka i Hapani enei hinu. Hoki American cars rama hamu e ILSAC, API ōrite.

Tūtohutanga me paerewa o te automakers

API ACEA whakarōpū me te whakatū i ngā tohu mahi hinu. Na ratou uara - te tīkina iti. Ahakoa te meka e whakaae ratou titauraa kaihanga o hinu me tāpiritanga ki te kamupene o waka, te muri e kore e makona tonu ratou. e tikanga paerewa e kore e tangohia e tino whakamātau ki pūkete te peculiarities o mahi o engines hou hou. Na reira, waiho ko kaiwhakanao motokā te tika ki te whakatakoto o ratou ake ngā, hanga tono motuhake.

A amo i te hinu whakamātautau i roto i o ratou engines, ratou rānei tiki ratou ake, arata'ihia e tetahi o nga whakarōpūtanga noa, ranei te whakawhanake i ō rātou ake paerewa te tauwhāiti rama, te tika tino ka tukua hoki te whakamahi.

Whakatakotoranga automakers mātua ki te tohu i runga i te mōkihi i muri ki te āhuatanga mahi piha tapanga. Kei te rite tenei whakaritenga ki te pukapuka.

I roto i te ao te tango i te hinu pūkaha tohu kotahi. homai wetemuna reira he whakahoki unambiguous ki te pātai o te hōkai o te hua.

A feruri i te hi'oraa e whai ake nei. Ko te kupu, tohu 5W40 hinu nekeneke.

Tenei hanganga waihanga mō te mahi multigrade i pāmahana i -30 ki +35 nekehanga.

E ai ki te whakarōpū o API CJ-4 hinu te whakamahia mō te waka hangaia i muri i 2006, ka rite rawa ki tiketike-tere engines diesel e whakatau tukunga paerewa e 2007. whakamahia te reira i ka rere i runga i kora e roto i kaua e nui ake 0.05% whanariki. Whai hua mō ngā waka ki te whiriwhiringa korakora me ngā pūnaha hau recirculation whakapau. A, no te whakahaere i runga i-te kounga teitei, kei roto kaua e nui ake 0,0015% wahie whanariki, whakarato nui haere tēnei pukapuka ki te kia whakakapia.

Ko te kupu, tohu 5W40 pūkaha, tohua i runga i te tākai o hinu, kei reira rawaka ngā mōhiohio ki te whakatau i tona pai mō te whakamahi i runga i ngā tauira waka motuhake.