Hītori Chelyabinsk pa o. Ra o te pa o Chelyabinsk. Koti o ringa o Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk - he pa e noho te wahi 7 i roto i Russia i ngā o te taupori. Nā ki te tauwāhi matawhenua te maha huaina ana a reira te kuwaha ki Siberia, e tika whakaata tona tūranga hei hub waka nui, me te hono i waenganui i te rohe Russian. he ngā hoki te tangata e he hiahia i roto i te mua o to tatou whenua History o te Chelyabinsk me tona huringa ki tetahi o nga pokapū ahumahi tino nui o to tatou whenua. Na reira, i roto i te tuhinga e aparau i tatou i te reira i roto i te taipitopito.

History o ingoa Chelyabinsk

I te kau, whakaaro te putanga tino plausible te, rite ki nei te ingoa wahi i takea mai i te kupu Turkic "Celebi", e whakamāoritanga rite "te rangatira" ranei "mātauranga" te. He he ano hoki te whakaaro, e hāngai ana i runga i nga kōrero o nga uri o nga tāngata tuatahi o taua pa Chelyaba, ko na no te mea o te wahi, ie. E. "Silәbe" ( "whārua") i roto i te Pahikia. Ko te putanga hou o autaki whakapumautia e tuhipoka rongonui wharekarakia haere German Ioganna Gmelina, ko wai i roto i Chelyabinsk pa i roto i 1742.

turanga

Ko te hiahia mo te pa kei runga i te rohe o nga Urals me Siberia, rā hoki ki te tīmatanga o te rau tau XIX.

Mana, kua riro te reira e taketake i te tau o Chelyabinsk - 1736 th. I reira ka i roto i te wahi nui kainga Pahikia Chelyaba Kānara AI Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) whakatakotoria te pa Russian. ka anga ia ki te kia hanga ki te whakaae o te rangatira whenua Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. ko te take e ki runga wa, i watea i te taake pupirikana-aufauraa i te Bashkirs tenei. I muri mai, i tukua whakahaere hanga Chelyabinsk pa ki Meiha J. Pavlutsky, e, kia rite ki te tahi mau pūrongo, he tau torutoru mua, i runga i mo o te whakahau, i rapu hoki i te wahi mo taketake te pa o.

I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XVIII

Ka rite ki kua whakahuatia, i roto i te 1742 Chelyabinsk (hītori o te pa maha meka maere kei) tae mai I. G. Gmelin. Ko ia te whakaahuatanga tuatahi o te pa. E ai ki tenei tuhinga, ko reira i runga i te taha tonga o te awa Miyass, a ko rite ki Miyasskuyu i te mahere pā, Heoi, ko nui. I te wa ano, i ia anake te taiepa rakau o te rakau e whāriki ana, ia o nei kua he roa o e pā ana ki 60 maro (160-170 m).

I roto i te puna o 1748 i roto i Chelyabinsk timata hanga o te hahi kohatu tuatahi, i meinga te karakia matua o Iset kawanatanga. Aita i maoro, ka anga te pa ki te whakawhānui mātātoa, me i reira nga ngā pūtahi tūmatanui.

I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XVIII

puta tetahi o nga ngā tino nui i roto i tona hītori i 1774, i te tau ina taea te tu i te kawana A. Veryovkin te whakapaea Pugachev. Otiia i muri i te marama ruarua i taea ki te takiuru i Chelyabinsk te tutu, a mahi ki te taha o te mana. Ko te whakaoranga o te pa i tauturu tae General IA Dekolong ki ngā.

Ki te hiahia i roto i te mea i te taketake tau o Chelyabinsk, rite te pa ki a koutou, tenei 1781-th - 45 nga tau i muri i te turanga o te pa. ka mau te reira i na nui te wā ki te kainga Pahikia ki tahuri te pa ki te whakataunga nui. I tohua tēnei meka e maui ia te mana o te mataeinaa pa. I tua atu, ka whakaaetia te ture o Catherine koti tuarua Chelyabinsk runga i whakaaturia te raro o te whakangungu rakau i te kamera pikaunga porowini.

I 1788, ko Chelyabinsk he hui ao: he rōpū o ngā tākuta, arahina e S. Andrievskiy, ako ia tohu Anthrax, hoatu tona ingoa ki tenei mate, me kua whakaaro te serum ki te tiaki ki te mate whakamate.

I roto i te rau tau XIX

I tohua te rau tau hou e te whanaketanga o te hokohoko me te mahi toi. Nā ki tona tūranga matawhenua, me te wāhi i runga i nga ara tira tuku iho (te koti o ringa o Chelyabinsk ko te whakaata o tenei meka) ki te waenganui o te rau tau XIX, kua riro mau te pa he tūranga ārahi i roto i te ataahua o nga Urals hokohoko. Heoi, puta tona tupu tere i muri i 1892. I whai wāhi ia ki te otinga o te pereoo, i hono Chelyabinsk ki nga kawanatanga Pākehā o te Russian Empire. Kei te mohiotia te reira e haukotia e Arehanera te Tuatoru, i whakakorea te kaupapa e whakaarohia i mua tā te rerewē mā Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen ki hipa te pa. Mai 1892, i whakawhānuitia atu Trans-Siberian Railway ki te rawhiti. Te whakaaetanga o te pereoo auahi Ekaterinburg i roto i 1896 whai wāhi ki atu mahi Chelyabinsk tūranga ārahi i roto i te mara o te hokohoko ā-rohe. Kati te reira ki te mea e i roto i te tau torutoru, ko te mākete rohe te tuatahi i roto i Russia i ngā o ngā whakawhitinga o te hoko / hoko o taro, me te tuarua - o hokohoko i roto i te tea kawemai.

Chelyabinsk ki te timatanga o te rau tau XX

I roto i te 1897, Chelyabinsk taupori o e pā ana ki 20 000 iwi. I roto i tenei take, i kitea ai he hua koi, kua oti nei te e pā ana ki te putanga o whakataunga hou huri noa i te teihana tereina (Ka taea te kitea ngā mōhiohio āmiki e pā ana ki tenei mā te toro i te whare taonga o te hītori o te pa o Chelyabinsk).

Whakarara ki tenei, hou te pa, a whakatuwheratia kura i roto i mara rerekē, pērā i te kura fakalotu, progymnasium o te wahine, he kura hangarau, kura hokohoko, etc .. i hanga Railway Club ko Whare o nga People. I roto i te rohe o te rakahinonga, i Chelyabinsk, i reira i pā ana ki 1500 ngä arumoni me te ahumahi, te rerekē haere ā-tau katoa o e pā ana ki te 30 miriona moni. Tonu tari hokohoko tuwhera, me pinepine o kamupene ke wāhi i roto i te supply o te Russian Empire i te mīhini wa ultra-hou, me te taputapu.

Hoki nga akiaki nohopuku o te whanaketanga me te tupu whakatere o Chelyabinsk (hītori o te pa i roto i nga rau tau XVIII-XIX aroaro i runga), ara ka mohiotia Zauralskaya Chicago. Kua i te 1910 kua tata'i toru taupori te pa o te iwa o nga tau, a i te 1917-th - nui haere ki te 70 000 te iwi.

History o Chelyabinsk i roto i te mau ohipa hou i roto i te tau tuatahi o te mana Soviet

I muri Oketopa 1917 te pa, rite te toenga o te Russian Empire, i roto i te tukauati o ngā. E ai ki nga tuhinga o mua tiaki me a kanohi mana o Kaunihera kaimahi 'i whakaurua te rongo e kore anake, engari ano hoki i te kaha o ringa.

Ko reira taa'eraa e te riro i roto i te pūtaiao hītori reira e whawhati te whawhai metarahi tauine-tonu i roto i Mei 14, 1918, i muri i te maunu o te Czechoslovak Corps i te w / e. Chelyabinsk teihana. Ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te tapepe tōrangapū, tonu te pa ki te whakawhanake. I roto i ngā, i te 1918, hoatu ki mahi Chelyabinsk ararewa, i ko ki te tākaro i te wāhi tino hira i roto i te whakarite witi o te rohe.

Na roto i te waenganui o 1919 i roto i Chelyabinsk rawa faaho'ihia mai, ka hanga he kāwanatanga hou, a ka meinga e ia te pokapū porowini, a muri ki te Mahuru 3, 1919 - rohe.

I roto i te wā i mua i-te pakanga

I roto i te tīmatanga o 1934, Chelyabinsk rohe i hanga e e te whakatau o te Komiti Executive Central. ka te pa tona pokapū whakahaere, me i roto i 1937, matatau tonu mawhiti whakaingoa anō Kaganovichgrad.

I te wa ano, e kore hoki te kau mutu te whanaketanga ahumahi o Chelyabinsk. Kati te reira ki te mea e ki te i 1919 i roto i te pa i reira e 2 anake kamupene i te timatanga o 1930 i reira ka anga ki te mahi auaha, Tractor, ferroalloy, mīhini-taputapu me ngā tipu konutea.

War Great Patriotic

I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua, Chelyabinsk (hītori o te pa i te mutunga o te rau tau XX ka korerotia ki te muri) takaro he wāhi nui i roto i te whakarite i te ope i roto i waka Armoured.

Mai te timatanga rawa o te whawhai riro te pa rau o nga mano o evacuees. Ka rite ki te hua, kua tupu Chelyabinsk taupori i 2.5 wa, pa tonu 630.000 iwi. I runga i te pūtake o neke atu i te 200 hinonga whakatahia, na roto i te hanumi ki te ahumahi rohe whakapumautia i roroa ahumahi CHKPZ, CMP, ChTPZ. I tua atu, i 1941 ki te 1945, Chelyabinsk (hītori o te pa i tenei wa - ko reira te aamu o te itoito mahi papatipu o te iwi Soviet) riro te nohoanga o te nga tangata Commissars o te ahumahi tank, kariri, reo mīhini-hanga, me te mana.

I roto i tenei wā ki reira ko te kaha hononga o te wheketere tarakihana rohe whakatahia i Kharkov engine-hanga, me te Leningrad Kirov Plant. Tenei ka arahi ki te hanga o te waka tauā T-34, i roto i te wa record. I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao 60 mano engines diesel mō te whawhai aroturuki hua waka Armoured i roto i Chelyabinsk. I tua atu, i te tipu, ko Kolyuschenko taukei te hanga o te rongonui "Katyusha". Enterprises o Chelyabinsk i 1941-1945-m te whakaatu i hua me engines diesel, kariri, taputapu hiko mō waka Armoured, wahi hoki VMS me waka tank me ētahi atu hua e hiahiatia ana mō te wikitoria.

i muri i te pakanga,

I muri toa riro Chelyabinsk te kaiwhakarato o mīhini, taputapu, me te hōpuni ki whakahoki te Donbass, Stalingrad, a whakangaromia atu Dniproges whakataunga, me te nui whakaurunga ahumahi me te pūngao o to tatou whenua.

I roto i te 1947, i whakaaetia ai e te mahere whanaketanga o te pa o. Ka rite ki te hua o tona whakatinanatanga, noho hou me te tipu ahumahi.

Na roto i te 1960, kua nui haere te pa tino me te maha o ngā pūtahi o te mātauranga teitei, me i 1976 whakatuwheratia reira te CSU, e riro te whare wānanga puāwaitanga tuatahi o Tonga Ural.

Tautautefito te tupu ahumahi tere i roto i Chelyabinsk i tuhituhia i roto i te 80 wawe ', ka tangohia e te kamupene he tūranga ārahi i roto i te hanga o putorino kowiri tira, ferroalloys me waka huarahi.

whakawhanakehia e te pa, me te ahurea. I roto i ngā, i roto i te 80 reira i whakatuwheratia he whare hou o te Drama Theatre i 1200 tūru, he whare o ruma, ki te okana waiata, taonga arowhenua me urupa "I roto i te ara hou" ko Kurchatov.

Ko te wā hou

Ko te hawhe tuatahi o "swashbuckling" 90 ka wā uaua mo Chelyabinsk, rite tohua e te te kaihau o hinonga, utu kore-o utu me ngā hōtaka i raro i-pūtea mo te ao pāpori. Aua'e, roa tenei āhuatanga i te wa āhua poto, me i te mutunga o tenei tekau tau, kua anō te pa ka haere mai whakanao mahi, me te maha mira me wheketere ki te mākete ao. Whakaora i kitea kua i roto i te tahi atu wāhi. I roto i ngā, whakatuwheratia te whare kararehe i roto i 1996. I roto i te tau 2004, te hītori o te huarahi o Chelyabinsk whakakiia ki te whārangi hou, ka rite rongonui Kirovka tiriti, me te riro i te wahi tino ki te haere hoki tūruhi me noho. E rua tau i muri mai ka whakatutehu ia ki te whare hou o te State Historical Museum o Southern Urals whakatuwheratia he whare hou, a i roto i te tau 2009 - te ao tio "Tractor", e tūru 7500 mataitai.

Mai i ngā kaupapa pai-mohiotia e tangohia e wahi i roto i Chelyabinsk i te tekau tau whakamutunga, ko reira taea ki te mōhio i te hinga o te meteorite, ka i te hau pakaru 7320 whare.

Ra o te pa o Chelyabinsk

I roto i te 2016, i motuhake tenei hararei. I muri i te katoa, ka whakanuia te pa tona tau 280th! ka mea a Chelyabinsk ra Mahuru 10 nehenehe whakanui me ngā taiopenga iwi. tū Tapeke 60 ngā. Na me pehea ki te pai ratou katoa i roto i te 24 haora i taea, te horapa hakari mo te maha nga ra, ka i tae e tokomaha o whetu o te whakapaipai.

Na e matau ana koutou te mea ka mau wahi ngā ngā i roto i te pa o Chelyabinsk. I teie mahana, ko ia tetahi o nga Repaima ahumahi o to tatou whenua, me te titiro i mua ki te whakawhirinaki.

Ki te hiahia i roto i te hītori me ngā tikanga o Chelyabinsk koutou, kia mohio ki te haere ki te pa te wahi e makona i muri i te haere ki ngā whare taonga kia koutou pākiki, me te whakauru ano ki te kāinga.