Tauira o te revolution i roto i Russia me France

Revolution rite te ara ki te pā i te huringa faufaa i roto i te raupapa ngā, timata ki te whakakorikori i te hinengaro o ārahi i te pito o te rau tau XVIII. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ka karanga nui te revolution matua, tohua te whakawhitinga i monarchical ki te puka Republican o te kāwanatanga. Tenei ara o te tukipoto e pā te ki maha patunga. tauira katoa mohiotia o Revolution - he wahi fakamamahi o te hītori o tetahi whenua. Kia titiro tatou te tutū tino rongonui, me te ngana ki te whakahoki kupu i te pātai, mehemea kahore ranei i noa ko te mate o te iwi nei i hoatu ratou ora mo te whakaaro.

Revolution: he whakamāramatanga

Tuatahi ti'a ia tatou ki te tautuhi i te wā "revolution", e kore te reira noa te panoni, me te huringa faufaa, āhuatanga e whakawhiti haere. I roto i te whānui, e kore e tenei ariā no ki te hītori anake. He he revolution i roto i te pūtaiao (mo etahi te kitea tino nui) i roto i te natura (huringa ohorere tetahi tautuhinga, ake maha, papawhenua), i roto i te whanaketanga pāpori (revolution ahumahi, me te ahurea).

He mea tika ki te wehewehe i tenei tukanga i te hua o ngā rautaki rite engari rerekē me ngā. Ko te kupu, ko te wā "kunenga" tikanga he āta, huringa rawa puhoi. Paku tere te tukanga whakahou, engari he kowaiwai o te pānga ki te tere uira reira, a kahore e nui nga huringa.

He mea tika ki te wehewehe i waenganui i nga ngā "revolution" me "tukipoto d'Etat". Etymologically, e pā ana ratou, no te mea iritihia revolutio i Latino me te tikanga "he tahuritanga." Heoi, ko tino te ariā o te revolution, pā ana te reira i ki huringa i roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ora pāpori, i te tukipoto, i roto i te meka - he reira he huringa anake o te kāwanatanga tetahi rangatira ki tetahi.

Ko te take o nga takaí

He aha ko reira te kaupapa orurehau? Te aha e turai iwi ki te tiki wāhi i roto i te taua hui fakamamahi, e mau ana mano o oraraa? E mangai nga take e āhuatanga maha:

1. Whakaahunga ki te taero me heke whiriwhiri i roto i rere ōhanga. Ki te whakamārama o te heke ōhanga.
2. whawhai whiriwhiri ā-roto a ratou ano. tupu te reira i e te whenei teitei o te hapori - te hanganga rawa kati, i ētahi wā te kaha wehewehe. Ka taea e tenei pakanga hua i roto i te ngangau tūturu, ki te tetahi o nga kiea ki haina te tautoko o te iwi.
3. Ko te roopu hou. te pōuri pāpori meinga e riri ki hīkoi katoa o te ora - i te whiriwhiri ki te raro rawa.
4. Māoritanga. Me tautoko te reira i tetahi revolution, he tono mo te angitu. raraunga e taea tu i roto i te pokapū o te parau haapiiraa fakalotu ranei tetahi. General ka waiho he pakanga ki te whakawa he mahia e te tikanga o nāianei, me te kaupapa ture.
5. Te akiaki pai i roto i te kaupapa here ke. whenua Allied e pai ki te whakaae ki a te tautoko i te mana ngā.

Ko te kupu, kia whakaaro ai te aroaro o enei ngā e rima o te revolution te angitu. hanga tauira takaí mārama reira e kore te e haapa'o ki katoa ngā rima nga wa, engari tango wahi tino i roto i te taua taiao ahua.

Pau o takaí Russian

huringa uruhi i roto i te raupapa pāpori-ōhanga āhuatanga e maha States. Tauira o te revolution taea te kitea i roto i tata whenua Pākehā katoa, i roto i te United States. Heoi, e kore ia kawea taua nunu'a fakamamahi, pera i roto i Russia. Here, nga revolution Russian taea te whakakahore i kore anake te pūnaha kāwanatanga, engari ano hoki i te whenua ano. He aha e nga take?

Tuatahi, ko te hononga motuhake i waenga i te arawhata aroākapa. I waenganui ia ratou i reira ko kahore "hononga", te whiriwhiri mana, me i reira ko tino motuhake i te iwi. No reira - nui rawa ngā whakaritenga mana ōhanga mō te akomanga o raro, te nuinga o nei ora i raro i te rārangi rawakore. E kore te raruraru i roto i te apo nui o ngā papa teitei, a e kore e taea ki te ahu mai i te ora o te "raro" e tika ana ki te taputapu mana ta'ehaohaoa. arahina tenei katoa ki te meka e ki te "tihi" o te mana e tika ana te pehi te iwi i te kaha.

Tuarua, ko te maramarama matatau, e mau ana i te whakaaro orurehau aroaro pūrere muri utopian rawa e tika ana ki te wheako whakahaere iti.

kia tango hoki e koe ki pūkete te peculiarities o mentality o Russian kaha tangata ki te aro ki te tukino mo te wa roa, a ka wā kotahi "pahū."

enei āhuatanga katoa ka riro he ake i hanga mua, kua arahina e te Russian Revolution.

1905: ko te revolution tuatahi

Ko te revolution tuatahi i roto i Russia puta i Hānuere 1905. kihai i ia rawa nohopuku, no te mea anake mutu i Pipiri 1907.

Ko te hiahiatanga ko te hekenga i roto i te auau o te ōhanga me te ahumahi, kore hua, te nama tūmatanui putu ki te rahi nui (i roto i te whakahenga tenei te whawhai ki a Turkey). Puta noa i whakahou fie: i te whakahaere i runga i te whenua i mua i te hanga i tetahi huringa i roto i te pūnaha kāwanatanga. I muri i te whakakāhoretanga o te pūnaha whakahaere ahumahi serfdom hiahiatia tukatuka. Ko ruarua hihiri kaiahuwhenua mahi, i roto i te meka noho te hopoi'a tahi, whenua hapori me te whakaiti tamau i roto i te pāmu e.

Me kï reira e i te pūtea pai waho te revolution 1905: i roto i te akoranga o te whawhai ki a Japan kauwhautia kaitautoko o whakawetiweti me ngā rōpū hou.

horahia ana tēnei tutu ki ngā papa katoa o te hapori Russian - i te koraha ki te intelligentsia. hangaia Revolution i ki hatepea atu i tetahi toenga o te pūnaha serf feudal, patua te autocracy.

Hua o Revolution, 1905-1907

Kia aroha mai, i mongamonga te revolution 1905, ka tomo ia rite te tutuki i roto i nga meatanga o hītori, Heoi, kua arahina reira ki huringa nui:

1. hoatu te reira i whanaketanga ki te parliamentarism Russian: whakapumautia te tinana kāwanatanga i.
2. iti te mana o te Hiha kei roto i te whakatūnga o te State Duma.
3. E ai ki te Faaiteraa o Oketopa 17 He tangata o rangatiratanga manapori.
4. Kua puta ke Tūnga me ngā āhuatanga mahi mo te pai.
5. Kua riro Farmers iti herea ki to ratou whenua.

Te Hui-tanguru Revolution i roto i 1917

Ko te Hui-tanguru Revolution o 1917 ko te hokohoko atu o nga ngā o 1905-1907. I roto i te autocracy inoino paparanga kore anake raro (kaimahi, kaimahi), engari bourgeoisie. E tino ēnei whakaaro hë te whawhai imperialist.

Ka rite ki te hua o te tukipoto i roto i te whakahaere pāpori, me te tūmatanui Kei nui huringa. ko te bourgeois-manapori te āhua o te revolution o 1917. Otiia ko reira he tuakiri motuhake. Ki te tangohia e tatou i te mau hi'oraa o te ahunga revolution taua i roto i nga whenua Pākehā, kite tatou e ko te kaikōkiri i ratou kaimahi, a ki te turaki i te arikitanga, te whanaunga capitalist o mua (timata ratou ki te whakawhanake hohoro i muri i te huringa kāwanatanga). Na ka mahi i te pūkaha tukanga, engari te kaha i runga i ki te bourgeoisie.

kihai i te take te Russian Empire: i roto i te tua ki te kāwanatanga wā, i ahu e te iwi i te piha haapiiraa o runga o te bourgeoisie, i reira he he kē kāwanatanga - Tips, i hanga i te piha haapiiraa o kaimahi me peasants. vai tenei mana rua tae noa ki ngā kaupapa Oketopa.

Ko te hua matua o te revolution i roto i Hui-tanguru 1917 ko te puke o te uri o te kingi, me te hurihanga o te autocracy.

Te nuku Revolution i 1917,

Kei te ahu tauira o te revolution i Russia, o te akoranga, te nui Oketopa pāpori Revolution. Te reira i radically tahuri te akoranga o te hītori o Russia kore anake, engari te ao ano hoki. I muri i te katoa, tetahi o ona hua - he ara i roto o te whawhai imperialist.

Ko te ngako o te revolution-revolution ko te whai ake: i neke ai Takitaro Kāwanatanga, ka haere te mana i roto i te whenua ki nga mua me SRS Mauī. tukipoto arahina ko V. I. Lenin.

Ka rite ki te hua, i reira ko tetahi Tuhinga o ope tōrangapū: riro te mana nui rawa o te ënei whenua kua, i homai te whenua ki nga peasants, me nga wheketere i raro i te mana kaimahi '. He ko he pouri, hua fakamamahi o te revolution - te tau fakalotofonuá, wehea te hapori ki e rua akina kaikiri.

Ko te kaupapa hou i roto i France

I tua atu i roto i te Russian Empire, i France, te kaupapa mo te hurihanga o te autocracy ngā o te maha ngā wāhanga, ka haere te whenua i roto i ona takaí nui. Tapeke i roto i tona hītori reira nga 4. timata te kaupapa i roto i 1789 ki te French Revolution.

I roto i te akoranga o tenei revolution muri i huna i te arikitanga tino, me te whakatū i te Republic Tuatahi. Heoi, whakatika reira rite ki te hua o te tahae kaiwhakatuma tonotono Jacobin kore i taea muri roa. Tona kaha ki runga i tetahi atu tukipoto i roto i 1794.

Revolution i roto i Hōngongoi 1830 i huaina "toru ra kororia." whakapumautia ia te kingitanga o te arikitanga ohaoha o Louis-Philippe ahau, «Kingi-tangata", e hopea whakakahoretia te matau homaitanga o te kingi ki te whakatamarikitanga o ture.

Ko te revolution o 1848 whakau ana te Republic Tuarua. Ua tupu te reira no te mea Louis Philippe āta timata ahau ki te neke atu i te whakapono ohaoha taketake. abdicates ia. Ko te revolution o 1848 i hanga reira taea ki te pupuri pōtitanga manapori i roto i te whenua i roto i i whiriwhiria te iwi (tae atu ki ngā kaimahi, me te tahi atu whenei "raro" o te pāpori) Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, irāmutu o te Hiha rongonui.

Tuatoru Republic e hoatu te mutunga ake ki te ara monarchical o te ora o te hapori, whakawhanakehia i roto i France i roto i Mahuru 1870. I muri i te raruraru kingitanga roa whakatau Napoleon III ki te tuku (ki te reira ko te whawhai ki a Prussia). mau whenua Upoko pōtitanga wawe. whakawhiti Power te tētahi i te monarchists ki nga Republicans, a anake i roto i 1871 riro te ture e French he käwanatanga peresideniraa i reira he kawana paingia pōtitia i roto i te mana 3 tau. vai tenei whenua tae noa ki te tau 1940.