Homologs - te mana, te hahiraa ara whakamutunga

I roto i te hawhe tuatahi o te rau tau XIX e pūtaiao Tiamana E.Gekkelem ko F. Müller embryological nui me rangahau kikokiko whakatairite kawea i roto i, ārahi ki te hanga o te ture biogenetic, me te whanaketanga o ngā whakaaro e pā ana ki talanoa, homologies, mea timatanga me te atavism. i oti rawa ana tēnei tuhinga ki te ako o te rōpū taua o kaiao kei roto ora homologues tinana. Kei te te reira i whānui tohaina i roto i te taonga tipu me te kararehe ao i te takenga mai noa, me te mahere noa o te hanganga nei te tinana wahi, ahakoa waho e taea rerekē nui. He aha kua arahina ki to ratou ahua?

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ngā whanaketanga tupu i roto i ngā taupori o mea ora, me ko te pūtake o te microevolution. Ko te putanga o ngā momo hou taea e tika ana ki te haaputuputuraa i roto i rauropi nga rerekētanga nui katoa, e pa ana e rua ratou hanganga me te mahi. arata'i te tukanga ki te rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga morphological me te kikokiko putanga rite whakautu a te tinana ki te huri āhuatanga o te taiao, ka karanga hahiraa. Homologues - Ko wāhanga o te tinana i roto i te mau taata e kua waiho i raro ki te kōwhiringa tūturu, ka hanga e rite ki te hua o te urutaunga ki ratou taiao. ako ratou i roto i te taipitopito i roto i te akoranga o te kararehe. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero.

Āhuatanga o te hanganga o te kararehe whai tuaiwi

Ko te forelimbs o kararehe ngā o te taua wheua: te peke, pūkaka, toropā, carpal, metacarpal me phalanges. Ko te momo o ngā āhuatanga taiao ki runga i evolyuchii whakaritea tānga rite te ahua o te forelimb kōhiwi, me i runga i tona mahi. Kati te reira ki te whakarite i te ahua, te āhua me te āhuatanga o te wahi o te tinana, hei tauira, he tūwhaipapa, he makimaki ranei te kamiriona. Ko hahiraa Ko te pūtake o te ahua o tinana pērā i homologues. whakapumautia tenei e rangahau kikokiko whakatairite i roto i nga rōpū rerekē o te kararehe e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ao o ngā tipu. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou ratou i roto i te paratarafa i muri.

Whakarerekētanga o whekau vegetative

I roto i ontogeny o nga otaota o te ao kore anake ki te whiwhi ngā āhuatanga hou, engari ano hoki whakarerekē i nga wahi o to koutou tinana. I roto i te huaota, ka karanga te āhuatanga he whakarerekētanga o ngā wāhanga vegetative, me te whai whakaaro mai rite te pūrere Kua puta ake nei i roto i te akoranga o te phylogeny. Kia mataara e taea e te reira i te māngai o te Tari o ngā tipu whaipua. E ratou arata'i tenei ki te putanga o taua hanganga rite homologs. whakakitea ana tēnei i roto i te puka o tauhohe urutau āhuatanga o te taiao. Kei te mohiotia te reira e te pūnaha pakiaka o otaota uri katoa whakawhanake i pakiaka embryonic i runga i te mahere kotahi, me mahi whānui mō momo katoa o ngā mahi: warea i te oneone, te tautoko, ngote me te mau ana o rongoā te wai, me te kohuke. Heoi, ko te ahua waho o nga pakiaka e taea rerekē nui, ki te timata ratou ki te mahi i ngā mahi motuhake. Hei tauira, huirua he pakiaka stilted o pandanus, tupu i roto i ngā repo pārūrū.

e kore e ratou kia te wahi o raro o te kakau ki te rumaki i ratou i roto i te wai, te ārai i te reira i te pirau. Tāwhara pakiaka irirangi huirua whekau raro - e whai wāhi ratou i roto i te tangohanga o pukapuka atu o te rangi mō te kupukupu tonu tipu. Mahi atu rite te awa piki māngaro me ētahi atu matū, pakiaka o te pīti me kāroti, Hiruharama artichoke me Dahlia korneklubni. homologues - Katoa o enei akatuke'anga. Tenei koiora tohe tika, no te mea he rite ki ia atu, me te ki te parau tumu whānui o te hanganga raro o te tinana e ratou - te pakiaka.

Homology i roto i te tinana tangata

Māngai o te piha haapiiraa o vertebrates, e ngā Homo sapiens, i te hanganga kotahi mahere o te pūnaha toitoi, i ngā, i te wahi axial - te tuaiwi.

Ko te tangata kua puta te ngā rite te urutaunga ki haere ana tika, hei tauira, i roto i te puka o te tuarā rite te pukapuka Latin S. ano, i roto i te kōhiwi o te e alangá runga, arā, o te wheua kotahi, rite i roto i nga kararehe, ātete te phalanx o te koromatua e ki te tahi atu maihao wha e ko reira te hua o te kaha ki te mahi ngā mahi. E Kua puta ake Homologues katoa o enei tauira i roto i te tukanga o te anthropogenesis.