Ko te Congress o Vienna: te wehenga o Europa i roto i te rau tau 19

I roto i nga ra whakamutunga o Maehe 1814 Allied hōia te upooti'a tomo Paris. Tenei te tikanga te hinga oti o Napoleonic France me whakakorenga hopea o tau o pakanga Pākehā. Napoleon ia hohoro ahuatanga ka i whakahekea ki Elba, a toa hoa ki te tepu whiriwhiri ki remake te mahere o Europe.

Ki te mahi i tenei, i huihui i te Congress o Vienna, i i tū i roto i Austria i 1814-1815, aua. I tae te reira e te māngai i Russia, Ingarangi, Austria, Prussia, France me Portugal.

Ko te take matua whakatutuki he: Tuhinga o Europa i roto i te manakohia o nga whenua wikitoria, te whakaora i te arikitanga i roto i Europa, me ki te ārai i tetahi taea o hoki mai ki te kaha o Napoleon.

I roto i France, i anō reira e ngā māngai o te whare Bourbon, a ka mau te torona o Lyudovik XVIII, te kainga i muri ki te mahi i Louis XVI. I tua atu, e whakahoki te toa te tikanga tawhito - te rangatira feudal me te absolutist. O te akoranga, i muri i nga whakatutukitanga tōrangapū katoa o te French Revolution, i utopian tenei whāinga, engari ahakoa, mo nga tau maha, kua tomo Europe ki haratau me te tauhohe tikanga.

Ko te raruraru matua ko te tohatoha anō o te whenua, rawa i roto i Poland me Saxony. Russian Emperor Alexander hiahia ahau ki te uru atu nga whenua Polish ki te rohe o Russia, Saxony me ki e hoatu te mana o mua. Ko nga māngai o, Great Britain, me Ateria France kaha haukotia e te whakatau taua. hainatia ratou ara he ngaro whakaaetanga i runga i te mahi tahi ki nga hiahia rohe o Prussia ko Russia, na e kore kua te wāhanga tuatahi o taua he anō-wehenga tangohia wahi.

I roto i te whānui, whakakitea te Congress o Vienna e kitea te painga i matua o ope i roto i Russia, Prussia, Ingarangi me Ateria. Haggling a totohe, te wehewehe a ratou ano, kawea nga māngai o enei whenua i roto i nui anō-wehenga o Europe.

I roto i te puna o 1815, i mawhiti Napoleon i Elba, ū ia i roto i France, a rere he pakanga hōia hou. Maoro, Heoi, i tino patua ana hōia i Waterloo, me te Congress o Vienna i 1815 tīmata ki te mahi i te tere whakatere. Na, kia rite ki hohoro rite taea nga kaiuru tamata ki te tango i whakatau whakamutunga i runga i te hanganga rohe o Europe.

I te timatanga o Hōngongoi 1815 i hainatia ai e te mahi whānui o Congress, rite ki nei i tangohia o nga whenua katoa riro mua France. riro Russia te Duchy o Warsaw, kua huaina nei inaianei te rangatiratanga o Poland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia ko Saxony te wahi tino haere i runga i Prussia. hono Ateria tona rohe Lombardy, Galicia ko Venice, a i roto i te uniana o nga rangatiratanga German Te Tai Tokerau (German Wakaminenga) , e tango i tenei whenua te mana tino. O te akoranga, tenei pānga te ngākau nuitanga o te kāwanatanga Prussia.

I roto i Italy, whakahokia te rangatiratanga o Sardinia i ki whakaae ki te Savoy ko Nice, i te wa ano whakaae nga tika o te Whare o Savoy. haere mai Toscana, Modena ko Parma raro i te mana o te māngai o te Austria Habsburgs. haere mai ano Roma i raro i te mana o te popa, e hoki te ture tawhito katoa. I roto i te Naples, noho i runga i te torona o nga Bourbons. I hanga Basileia o te Hōrana i te Netherlands, a Belgium.

āhua Tiamana iti e kua whakakorea te Napoleon, kihai i ora ake te nuinga o ratou. Kua heke to ratou tau katoa e tata tekau wā. Heoi, ko te wehewehenga o Tiamana, i ko nei āhua 38, noho te taua.

Ki Ingarangi i haere whenua koroni e tangohia e atu i te reira i roto i Spain, France ko Holland. Ko te motu o Malta , ko Ceylon, te Cape o Hope pai, kei te whakaoti Guyana, Islands Ionian inaianei he kingitanga Ingarangi.

Wakaminenga o nga Cantons Swiss iwa i hanga i nei kauwhautia "'ataá mau tonu". haere Norway ki te kaha o Sweden, takea te reira i te Danish.

Ko te katoa, kahore okotahi wehi o te whakapakari rawa o Russia nga whenua Pākehā, no te mea ko reira no te whenua ki te tūranga o te toa ki runga i ngā hōia a Napoleon.

He oti nei te Conference Vienna, engari te hinga o 1815, ua faaoti Alexander ahau ki te whakakotahi i te tikanga Pākehā hou, me te whakaū i te tūranga ārahi o Russia me Ingarangi. I tona kaupapa, hainatia te whakaaetanga i runga i te whakatū o te Alliance Tapu, i ngā, Prussia te Russian Empire Austria me. E ai ki te kawenata, i korero te kāwanatanga ki te āwhina i ia atu i roto i te take o te revolution whakaoho rongonui ranei.

i te Congress o Vienna me ona whakatau he pānga whakatakotoria i runga i te pūnaha Pākehā katoa. i muri i 1917, ka te Pakanga tuatahi o te Ao, ka kia redrawn ano te rohe Pākehā anake.