Ko te whāinga matua o RSE. pūnaha kāwanatanga kotahi o te ārai me te toremi o ngā āhuatanga ohorere

E manawapa ana te hiahia mo te mātauranga i roto i Russia, a ki waho i mangai e te hua tere i roto i te tuma hōia hāparangi, te whanaketanga me te whakapai ake tonu o nga mea katoa o patu.

Hei tauira, i roto i te pakanga me te wā pou-whawhai i te korero rohe (EMERCOM toi o Russia) kihai i ora noa maha tangata i te wa o te pū, me te rangi aro ki te hoariri, blockages whakakorea, i tangohia mehua ki te oranga tuatahi o te taupori, parare na anga unexploded me poma, whakawāteatia whare me hanga, engari i whakahokia e hoki parakaingaki me te wai supply, ngā rārangi mana supply me kōrero, pou whakahau, me te ake.

āhuatanga Ture e pā ana ki te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere

Hoki te wā tuatahi i roto i to tatou whenua, kia rite ki te ta o te Russian Federation № 261 i 18.04.1992 o te tau: "I runga i te whakatūnga o te pūnaha faaararaa Russian me whakautu whawhati tata", i whakapumautia te pūnaha hāngai mo te ārai o nga mea katoa o ohorere, me te i roto i te pakanga, me te i roto i te rangimarie, ratou toremi i roto i te take o te tupu, me te ki te whakarite haumaru tonu o te taupori, te tiaki whānui o te taiao, me te whakaiti i te kino o te ōhanga.

I muri mai, tikanga whakahaere, me te ture o te Russian Federation e whakahaere te tiaki o te taupori i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, me te rangi, te wai me te wāhi whenua, te taiao, me te pāpori whakaurunga, whakaurunga ahumahi, i whakaritea e te ture Federal "I te tiaki o te taupori me te rohe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere o tūturu me tangata-i hanga āhua »№ 68-FZ, tuhia 21. 12. 1994

Ko te mahia o muri o tenei ture hua i roto i te whakatamarikitanga o RF Kāwanatanga ta № 1113 o 05.11.1995, "I runga i te pūnaha kāwanatanga ōrite o te ārai me te toremi o ngā āhuatanga ohorere", e whakapaia e te ture i roto i te pā ana ki RSE. Kei te takoto te reira e solves te manawapa ana raruraru, te mau parau tumu o te hanganga o te pūnaha kotahi, te hanganga o ngā rawa, me te taruke te tikanga o ngā o te huānga hanganga matua. I roto i te whānui, i te tūranga o te mana, mahi te pūnaha rite te kotahi.

ngā matua i roto i te e manawapa ana

āhuatanga ohorere - he tetahi āhuatanga i roto i te wāhi ngā Kua whakawhanakehia e tika ana ki ngā aituā, ati, hui mōrearea o te take mai tūturu, ati natura atu ranei, ko te putanga o nei i (e hei) te kino ki te hauora o te tangata ranei te taiao, patunga tangata, katoa o maumaui e pā ki te tikanga o te paearu o te ora iwi, parekura rauemi nui.

Prevention o whawhati tata - te huinga whānui o ngā mahi i mua i-ngā hāngai ana whakaiti i te mōrea o ratou tupu, te tiaki o te hauora tangata, whakaiti i te kino te taiao, te parekura rauemi nui.

Toremi o hopearaa o ngā āhuatanga ohorere - momo o whawhati tata ngā mahi faaora natura, e kua puritia i roto i te take o te ohotata. E arotahi ana ratou i runga i te tiaki o te hauora tangata, te tiaki ora, whakaiti parekura rauemi me te whānuitanga o te kino te taiao māori, me te te localization o ngā wāhi (rohe) o ohorere.

rohe Disaster - wāhi i reira wherahia te whawhati tata, a nei i roto i tenei horopaki ko raro i te mana tamau.

Whāinga me ngā whāinga e manawapa ana

aroaro Tuatahi i roto i te toru ahunga:

• te ārai i te putanga me te whanaketanga o te whawhati tata muri;
• whakaiti i te kino i meinga e ratou;
• he huinga o mehua e hāngai ana ki te whakakorenga o ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

Ko te mahi matua e manawapa ana:

1. Ko te whanaketanga me te mahi tika o te tikanga ōhanga, me te ture e pā ana ki te whakarite tiaki tonu o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i te pānga o mau ati.

2. whakatinanatanga o ngā hōtaka pūtaiao, hangarau, me te hāngai e ārai i ngā āhuatanga ohotata, e whakakaha ana i te mahi o nga pūtahi, hinonga, me ngä whakahaere (kahore tohutoro ki o ratou puka whakahaere, me te ture), ratou pāpori whakaurunga tuarua, mō ngā take hanga i roto i te ohorere.

3. Matapae me tātaritanga o te taha pāpori-ōhanga o te mau hopearaa o ohorere.

4. Whakarite hihiko tonu ki te kawe i roto i etahi mahi i roto i te pokapū whakahaere ohotata, moni, me ope hangaia mo to ratou mataara tere, me te toremi muri o te mau hopearaa meinga e ratou.

5. International tahi-mahi ki te pā ki te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i te pānga o mau ati.

6. whakatinanatanga o taua mahi uaua pērā i kohinga, tukatuka whakahaere, whakawhiti, me te tuku muri o te mōhiohio e pā ana ki te āhua o ki te whakatinana i tiaki taupori i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

7. Te faaineineraa o tangata ki etahi mahi i roto i te anga o te whawhati tata.

8. Waihanga i te rāhui e tika ana o te ngā rauemi e ka whakarite i te whakakorenga o hopearaa o ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

9. A faatere kāwanatanga mātakitaki, mana me te whakamātautau o te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i te pānga o mau ati.

10. Ko te toremi o ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

11. A amo ana i roto i te huinga o mehua (mahi fakaetangatá) ki te pā ki te tiaki pāpori o tangata pāngia e te kino.

12. Ko te whakatinanatanga o ngā tika ā-iwi me te herenga i roto i te anga o te tiaki o te taupori, me ona rohe i te pānga meinga e ohorere.

Raruraru faatiti'aifarohia e manawapa ana, ko te matua i roto i ngā wāhi katoa. Ratou whakaaro tupato, me te mahi wā whakawhirinaki maha ora, me te rohe, kia tina heke te kore o nei.

Me tonu whakaritea e manawapa ana ngā whāinga me ngā whāinga i roto i runga i te ngā āhuatanga tangata-i hanga, me te tangata-i hanga i roto i te whenua. whakatūpato Emergency - te ahunga matua o te mahi.

E manawapa ana: hanganga, ngā mahi me mahi

māngai Ko tōna hanganga e pūnaha rohe me te mahi, faaite i rima taumata o runga-pae, rohe, rohe, rohe me te hānga.

E hanga e pūnaha rohe i roto i te rohe o te kaupapa Russian Federation i roto i te tikanga ki te ārai me te toremi muri o ngā āhuatanga ohorere. ngā ratou o etahi wae e hāngai ki te wehenga whakahaere o enei rohe.

Ko te pūnaha mahi, i whai ahua ai ratou te mana e hānga ana i roto i o ratou rāngai whakaritea o te ōhanga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakarite ngā mahi mo te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i te pānga o mau ati.

He te tinana e whai ake nei (wae RSE) ia taumata o te pūnaha:

• ruruku;
• whakahaere o ia rā;
• Whakahaere o Te Rākau Whakamarumaru me te Emergency Situations;

Hoki, i roto i ia o e ngā: te tikanga e tika ana, me ope, nga rāhui o ngā rauemi, ngā pūnaha whakatūpato, kōrero me ngā pūnaha mōhiohio.

Haumarutanga i roto i Emergencies

Ko te mahi tuatahi ko te ki te tautuhi i tēnei ariā.

Haumaru i roto i te ohorere - he ki te waihanga rawaka haumaru mō tangata katoa, hinonga ohaoha me te taiao māori i nga mea katoa o te mau fifi i roto i te ohorere. Ko reira o te maha ngā momo.

Momo o te haumaru i roto i te ohorere

Ko reira:

• ahi;
• radiation;
• taiao;
• rū;
• ahumahi;
• koiora;
• matū.

Haumaru i roto i te ohorere e taea hoki te whakarōpūtia i runga i te kaupapa:

• taupori;
• te taiao;
• ngā whāinga ōhanga.

Whakatutuki i tēnei momo o te haumaru kawea i roto i na tikanga o te ārai, te ārai whakaiti nga pānga kino o fakatamaki ranei.

Ko te hītori o Russian Tāhuhu o Situations Emergency

E āta hono ana te reira ki te hītori o te Rākau Whakamarumaru (04.10.2010 - 78 tau). whakaaro te wā o tona hanganga te ki 10.4.1932, ka tangohia te Kaunihera USSR o Commissars o People he "Tu'utu'uni ki runga ki te korero rangi o te USSR", i i tuatahi tāutuhia mehua me te tikanga motuhake ki te pā ki te tiaki tonu o tangata katoa o te whenua, me ona rohe. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te whanaketanga o te pūnaha kāwanatanga i roto i tenei mara (te ra whanau o Local Air Paruru) tenei. I te tau 1961 ka whakaritea e te reira ki te tahuri MoEHE i GO.

E manawapa ana (mahi me mahi e whakaaro tatou) - ko te hua o te whakahounga o te whakaaro tawhito i runga i te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i katoa o hoariri (tae atu i te whakamahi pea o patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu).

Hakihea 27, 1990 i tohua e te whakatamarikitanga o te Kaunihera RSFSR o Minita Resolution № 606 "I te hanganga o te corps Russian o fakahaofi i runga i nga Tika o te State Komiti RSFSR." Tenei rā - te ra, ka whakaturia te Tāhuhu o Situations Emergency o Russia i (i muri mai - Day kaiwhakaora Russian Federation).

January 10, 1994 Russian EMERCOM puta ki te hou Russian Tāhuhu mo Te Rākau Whakamarumaru, Ohorere me Whakakore o Ngā mutunga o Natural Disasters, i whakaritea Minita Sergei Shoigu.

Na Hakihea 9, 1992 o mua matua akoranga Rākau pokapū i puta ki te Academy nāianei o EMERCOM o Russia mo Civil Protection (institution kotahitanga e kua kahore analogues i roto i te ao).

Na, ka taea e tatou te mea i hanga e nga wero o nāianei, me e manawapa ana hanganga mai i te wa o MoEHE.

Money, me te kaha e manawapa ana

Ko te whāinga matua o RSE, e kua whakarārangitia i runga ake, ngā he rarangi ki te pā ki te whakarite hihiko tonu ki te whakatinana i te raupapa o ngā mahi i roto i ngā pokapū whakahaere ohotata, moni, me te kaha hangaia ki te aukati i ta ratou toremi whakahaere, me te muri o te mau hopearaa meinga e ratou.

E rua ngā momo o te tikanga i runga ake me ope:

1. ngā kitenga me te aroturuki:

• kaiwhakahaere (hoki nga kohua i kāwanatanga, te mana karihi, pipelines hiko me te hau, piriti, aha ...);
• Mana ko Inspection Ratonga (Tāhuhu o Taiao);
• pūtahi me ngā pokapū ratonga e aroturuki i te hauora o ngā pea mōrearea, te taiao māori;
• Ratonga kararehe;
• titiro me te mana taiwhanga whatunga (SNLK);
• kounga kai aroturuki taiwhanga, te rauemi kai;
• ratonga whakatūpato mō fakatamaki fakaenatulá.

2. Ko te whakakorenga o ngā āhuatanga ohorere:

• Tāhuhu o te whawhati tata, pirihimana me MO (ratou wae, nga wahi, me hononga);
• ngā kore-hōia o te ārai mate whawhati tata;
• tikanga me ope no ki ētahi atu tari, me manatü, mana tūmatanui (i roto i te rohe o te Russian Federation).

Profiling mahi o te pūnaha

tonu tatou ki te tiro i manawapa ana. Hanganga, mahi, me tona mahi, ko te tuhaa tino nui o te pūnaha nat. Haumarutanga o te Russian Federation.

Ko tōna aho pakihi nui e:

1. tono Whanaketanga ki te pā ki te kaupapa here kāwanatanga e pā ana ki te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ratou whakatinanatanga wā. mahi ana i tēnei mahi te mana tahi ki nga ope, me te tikanga o te whenua (i mua, i faatiti'aifarohia tenei raruraru e ratou harangotengote).

2. Whakahaere o taime mahi o te pūnaha. Ko te tino aratai o te kaitautoko Russian Ohorere Tāhuhu, faaau te mahi o tinana kāwanatanga, me te rohe whaiaro kāwanatanga-i roto i te anga o te raruraru. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakapai ake i te tōtika o taua mahi, kua whakaturia te kāwanatanga Russian ake he tinana whakahaere ā - te Kōmihana Inter-Minita mo te ārai me te whakakorenga o ngā āhuatanga ohorere, e no ni'ai te ture ripeka-tapahi i roto i tenei rohe. Kei te herea ona whakatau i runga i te hānga tinana o te mana whakahaere o nga kaupapa RF. Ko te āhuatanga hanganga o te RSE, whakamana tenei mahi e mana Te Rākau Whakamarumaru, me te Komihana i runga i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

3. hangaia te mana kei te ki te whakarite hanganga ture tika ki nga mahi e hāngai ana ture, ture motuhake, tikanga me ngā paerewa i roto i te ao o te tiaki ki whawhati tata tinana whakahaere e hānga ana, ona tinana o nga kaupapa RF, whakahaere me kāwanatanga rohe. I te taumata e hānga ana, whakamana tenei mahi e nga Tūkunga Emergency Tāhuhu.

4. mahi Production, i te mea ki te kawe i roto i āraihia atu e hāngai ana te ārai o ngā āhuatanga ohorere, whakaiti ratou rahi, ki te whakaiti kino me te mate o ratou hopearaa me ahunga ngā mahi ohorere faaora ki te whakakore i tenei ahua o hopearaa.

whakaaro 5. momo katoa o te tiaki o te mahi te pūnaha kotahi (logistical, pūtea, me ētahi atu). E hiahiatia ana tikanga ki te whakakore i te pānga o ngā rauemi rauemi whawhati tata ngā kai rauemi raw, kai, engineering, kakahu me te taonga hauora, tikanga o te kōrero me te tikanga o te waka, ngā rongoā, wahie, rauemi hanga, matū takitahi me te tiaki radiation, etc ...

6. mahi tahi International. Kei te whakahuatia te reira i maia ki e manawapa ana Russian ngā kōmitimiti i roto i te pūnaha puta o te ao o te ārai me te toremi o aru whawhati tata. whakatinanahia te mahi tahi i te i roto i ngā kirimana me ētahi atu mea ao, te whanaketanga o te anga ture tahi e pā ana ki ngā take o te moni tahi ngātahi ranei, me te mahi i roto i te pūtahi o te ao motuhake me ngā whakahaere.

EMERCOM o Russia: whāinga me ngā mahi

E manawapa ana mahi matua whakaritea ki tenei Tāhuhu, e taea te whakarōpū ki ngā wāhi e rua:

1. Whanaketanga o tono mō ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui i roto i te DPP, me te ārai me te whakakorenga o te whawhati tata i aru.
2. Whakahaere me te whakarite i te mahi tika o te pūnaha (RSE) i roto i ohorere kore anake i roto i te pakanga, engari ano hoki i roto i te rangimarie.

e kore e waiho hira ki haapapû kotahi ano e nga whāinga taketake, me te hanganga e manawapa ana mārama ana te tuhi i roto i te ture e hānga ana whakahuatia i mua e pā ana ki te tiaki o tangata o Russia, me ona rohe i te pānga o mau ati.

Ngaahi Tefito'i Mo'oni o hanganga o te pūnaha, tango ki pūkete te āhuatanga o nāianei i roto i te whenua

Tuatahi, ko te, o te akoranga, e hiahia ana te reira ki te ū ki te huarahi whānui i roto i te tukanga o te hanganga o te pūnaha (kaute o te kino takenga horonga me te taiao, o ratou wāhanga o te whanaketanga me te mau hopearaa, fakafepaki'i ki a ratou me te maha e hiahiatia o ngā kaiuru).

Tuarua, ko te āhukahuka, pera ki te korero, "he kore kore-mōrearea" (te meka e he e taea ki te whakakore i te tūponotanga o te kino i roto i te anga o ngā tuma pea).

Tuatoru, whakawhirinaki i runga i te parau tumu faufaa o te ārai ki te whakaaro ki te haumaru (fakatokanga) (te whakaiti taea mōrahi i roto i te tūponotanga o te kino me te āraihia nahanaha).

whakaaro Aratau o mahi he pūnaha kotahi

Tei runga i te āhuatanga o nāianei i reira e toru aratau:

1. Tonu mahi (rite te roa rite nga kāwanatanga katoa me nga e manawapa ana mana tīariari mahi i te tere noa):

• he ako o te kāwanatanga o te taiao, me te matapae whānui o te kino o nāianei;
• whakamahere, whakahaere me te tiaki o ngā mahi matatini e manawapa ana ope, me mana i roto i te hui o te ohorere;
• kohinga, tukatuka, me te utu o muri o te kōrero ki te pā ki te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me ona rohe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, te whakarite haumaru ahi oti;
• whakatairanga o te matauranga ki te pā ki te tiaki o te taupori te whenua o me tona rohe i roto i te hui o ohorere;
• whakahaere o te hanganga, whakanohonga, rokiroki, wā kapi rāhui ngā hiahiatia mo te whakakorenga o te mau hopearaa meinga e ati.

2. hihiko ake (te riri o te kino o nāianei)

• tightening mana ki runga i te huringa i roto i te āhua o te taiao, forecasting te tīmatanga me te whānuitanga o te kino i te kino;
• he tukanga tonu o kohikohi, te tukatuka me te tuku o ope e manawapa ana, me te mana kōrero e pā ana ki te kino tohu, ki te whakamōhio tangata e pā ana ki te ara, me tikanga o te tiaki i roto i enei take;
• aro (te ārai i te takanga me te whanaketanga o ohorere);
• Whakahōu mahere me ētahi atu tuhinga e pā ana ki te ārai me te whakakorenga o hopearaa meinga e āhuatanga ohorere;
• e mau ana i roto i (ki te e whakaarohia ana e tika ana) mehua hōneatanga.

3. Emergency (kino whakahāwea me tona toremi whakahaere):

• aroturuki tonu o te āhua o te taiao, te whakatinanatanga o forecasting te tohu o te riri o nāianei;
• tangata Matohi me te feia faatere o te puta ohorere;
• kohinga tonu, te tukatuka (tātari) me te utu o te raraunga ki te pā ki te āhuatanga anö i roto i te rohe whawhati tata, me ngā huarahi ki te whakakore i ona pānga;
• he matatini o mehua tiaki ki te faatura ki te tapeke taupori o te whenua, me ona rohe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere;
• whakahaere, me te haere tonu ki te whakarite kia ki te mana uruhi wātea katoa ki te faatura ki etahi mehua faaore i te pānga o ohorere;
• nga whakaritenga e tika ana ki te pā ki te oranga tonu i roto i te rū ngā.

Whakarōpū o ohotata i runga i te nuinga, me te pakeke o ratou hopearaa

Faaoti ki te tohatoha:

• mahi rohe i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere (pānga āhuatanga haamou me kanga noho tonu ES i roto i te pae ahumahi, e taea e tere to'o ake tikanga, me te kaha);
• rohe (te pānga o ngā āhuatanga e totohu, me te kanga ohotata tonu i roto i te kainga);
• rohe (pānga āhuatanga haamou me kanga ko ES roto te kaupapa motuhake: rohe Republic niao hanganga motuhake);
• rohe (te pānga o ngā āhuatanga e totohu, me te kanga ohotata e hipokina e rave rahi tumu parau o te Russian Federation);
• Federal (pānga āhuatanga haamou me kanga ES rakau o wha ranei atu kaupapa RF);
• ao (te pānga o ngā āhuatanga e totohu me ohorere kanga haere ki tua atu kāwanatanga tika).

Na, whakarāpopoto i te runga ake, e kore e waiho te reira kino ki te haapapû kotahi ano e pai-hangaia taketake mahi e manawapa ana, me te mātau ahei ki te hoatu ki te mahi i roto i te mua ki te ārai i te pānga kino o ngā āhuatanga ohotata, me te, ki te tika, tere faaore ratou mau hopearaa.