Whakarōpū o whare: tikanga

Tino katoa o nga taonga e te hunga anake i roto i te kaupapa e te hanga kua ranei kei raro hanga, e taea te wehea ki e rua ngā momo, ngā hanganga, me ngā whare. Buildings i huaina hanganga whenua, e whare ruma mo te whakangungu, whakangahau, mahi, a na reira i runga i. E te hanganga e runga hanganga hangarau: piriti, putorino, pipelines, pāpuni me etahi atu. Whakarōpū o whare, hanganga, whare kua he rota o onäianei.

whare ahumahi

I roto i te tahuri, kua wehea te whare ki e rua ngā rōpū matua - ā, me te ahumahi. Na roto i te ahumahi ngā:

• ahumahi;
• kararehe;
• pūngao;
• whare putunga;
• taputapu.

E wehea whare Civil ki e rua ngā rōpū - noho me te tūmatanui.

whare noho

Ehara i te mea uaua ki te imi e konei e runga whare e tika ana mō te nohoanga tangata, ara:

• whare fare;
• dormitories;
• hotels;
• te tau;
• mau fare te u.

whare pāpori

• whakaurunga whakangungu;
• whare tari;
• hauora whakaurunga me nga wahi whakanohonoho;
• whakaurunga mō ngā mahi hākinakina;
• karapu, wharekai, me te pera i runga i;
• ngā wāhi hokohoko, te whakatutuki me te kiritaki tūmatanui ratonga;
• waka;
• whare me ngā ratonga hapori;
• whare multifunctional me complexes.

He he he whakarōpū o whare me ngā hanganga. Kua tutuki te hiahiatia hanganga āhuatanga ki te awhina o tohu hangarau, whakaritea ratou whakamahinga e hanga waehere (Katikati). Ka whakamahia e tēnei tuhinga he momo o te whakarōpū o whare i te momo. kī arotake anō.

whakarōpū momo

1. Ko te maha o whakapaparanga. A, no te te te whakatū i te reira i te maha o patunga e: irirangi, hangarau, tuanui, whenua (ki te, kia āhei tūnga te hanganga runga kei runga ake te tohu whakamahere whenua waenganui kore iti iho i te 2 mita).

• he maha iti o patunga - te tiketike o whare ki runga ki te 2 patunga;
• maha toharite o whakapaparanga - o 3 ki te 5 patunga;
• nui haere te maha o whakapaparanga - 6 ki te 9 patunga;
• multistory - i te 10 ki te 25 patunga;
• whare High-ara - i 26 patunga runga ake.

2. I te rauemi i nei e hanga nga taiepa:

• Stone (pereki kohatu tūturu ranei);
• raima (kohatu anuanu, poraka raima);
• raima;
• whakarewa;
• rakau.

3. Whakarōpū o whare kia rite ki te tikanga o te hanga:

• wāhanga o te iti-rahi (tenei āhuatanga whai hua o whare, e kua oho i te pae hanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu iti ā ranei);
• o ngā wāhanga nui-rahi (mo tāutanga o enei āhuatanga mā te whakamahi i cranes nui me ngā mīhini);
• Nukurau (mua hanga huinga raima whakanohoia i roto i te pokepokea ai tika i runga i te pae hanga, te wahi i reira he tona solidification).

4. Mauroa:

• Ahau - te wā o te mahi mo runga i 100 tau;
• II - i te 50 ki te 100 tau;
• III - i 50 ki te 20 tau;
• IV - ki runga ki te 20 tau (whare rangitahi).

5. i runga i te whakapaipai:

• piha 1 - hanganga, taea ki te whakatau nui haere titauraa. Ko te whare matua i roto i te pa ki te wā pōhēhē o te mahi atu atu i 70 tau (teihana, taonga, whare, pokapū ahurea). kia hoki tenei ngā te whare ahurei o te faufaa motu ki te ora o neke atu i te 100 tau (te Karaiti te Kaiwhakaora Cathedral, Kremlin Palace o Congresses , a na i runga i. D.).
• Grade 2 - hanganga, taea ki te whakatau i te whakaritenga toharite. hanga nui, e ko te pūtake o te whanaketanga pa, ki te wā pōhēhē o te mahi o kore iti iho i te 50 tau (whare tari, hotels, maha-papa whare noho).
• piha Tuatoru - te hanganga e taea te whakatau i te whakaritenga o te reo-rahi me te iti (whare ono tekau ki te mahi whakapaipai raro wā pōhēhē o 25 ki te 50 tau).
• kōeke 4 - te whare ki te whakaritenga iti.

Tei runga i te whare, me te hanganga rauemi piha haapiiraa i whiriwhiri. Hoki utanga nui-mutunga o papa whakangutungutu kaha, me te wa-kï me ngā rauemi e te hunga nehenehe o whakarato whakamahi wā-roa tautururaa me kahore tiaki auau.

Whakarōpū o whare me hanganga mo te ahi mōrearea

E wehea nga whare katoa i runga i te ati ahi ki ngā akomanga. Tei te wehenga i runga i te momo o te tono o te whare, me te pehea te haumaru o tangata i roto i te take o te ahi kei raro i riri. E te reira ki pūkete te tau, te huru whaiaroaro, te tūponotanga o te i roto i te āhua o te moe, te momo o te hanganga mahi taketake, me tona kaha.

Whakarōpū o whare me ngā hanganga:

• F1 - te hanganga tautuhia mo te noho rangitahi o tangata (ako, mahi, hotels, whakatutuki, me ētahi atu) kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki mo noho pumau.
• F2 - wāhi mō ngā mahi ahurea.
• F3 - hanga pakihi i runga i ngā ratonga i te tangata '(toa, whakatutuki, teihana tereina, hōhipera, tari pou, tahatika, me ētahi atu).
• K4 - whare te tikanga mo te rangahau pūtaiao, pūtahi mātauranga, ngā mana hanga, tari ahi.
• F5 - nga whare, me ngā rawa o te whakaaro ahumahi whare putunga ranei, pūranga. Manufacturing me whare putunga whakaurunga, tae atu ki ngā taiwhanga, me ngā awheawhe i roto i nga whare o ngā akomanga F1, F2, F3 ko K4, F5 e runga ki te piha haapiiraa.

whakarōpū Tino nui o whare me ngā hanganga. te tono Basic tikanga haumaru ahi ki ngā whakaritenga ture mō te hōneatanga i te take o te ahi.

Whakarōpū o whare, me ngā hanganga mo te ahi ātete

meinga te kounga o te hanga e te īnaki o ratou ātete ahi, i nei te tikanga te wa i muri i nei i roto i te take o te ahi i reira he tetahi o e toru tohu:

• obvalivanie īnaki;
• ahua i roto i te tuanui i roto i kapiti ranei rua (hau parariraa tomo nga ruma pātata) ;
• whakawera o te papa ki te pāmahana e whakapataritari ngingiha māhorahora o ngā rauemi i roto i te ruma pātata (140-220S).

āhuatanga te kaha o te whare patunga e te ahi-resistance whakatauranga. Ngā momo o te ahi ātete o whare:

• Ahau - me ngā hanganga kohatu (fireproof).
• II - ki ngā hanganga kohatu (nonflammable me nonflammable).
• III - ki ngā hanganga kohatu (nonflammable, nonflammable me he pūkākā).
• IV - paninga ki te rakau.
• V - ki te rakau paninga.

rohe ahi:

• pereki uku - 5 h;
• pereki magnesium - 5 h;
• papa raima - 4 haora (puta wāwāhi tika ki te aroaro i roto i te hanganga o te wai ki te 8%);
• rakau ki te paninga te raima - 1 h 15 min;
• hanganga rino - 20 meneti (1100-1200S - riro whakarewa kōngohe);
• i raro i te tatau mua te ki mura maimoatanga retardant - 1 haora.

raima maiengi, pereki tuwhera i te ātete ahi tiketike. Kua kitea Mōkito paepae ahi resistance tāutanga whakarewa, me mōrahi - whakapakaritia raima.