Konutai pākawa waro: tātai, ngā āhuatanga, te faaineineraa

Houra pungarehu - he tino mōhio ki te katoa tenei mea, me te tata katoa e matau i te iti rawa i te tahi mau hi'oraa o te wahi e taea te tono i te reira. Ko te ingoa mōhiohio o te taonga - pākawa waro konutai, te tātai - Na2CO3. -Waho houra pungarehu ko te paura ma, kia māngai reira i roto i te puka o granules o te tae kotahi. He he ingoa tetahi hoki tenei pūhui - houra pungarehu, engari i runga i tenei take i reira kia kore hapa i roto i te tikanga e kore ko reira te kotahi maheni ki a tatou i roto i te ora ia rā, houra. Ko te kupu kua huaina hoki a reira no te mea te taonga e pā ana ki te tukanga faaineineraa - calcination - maroketanga o te konutai, tioata i tiketike pāmahana.

houra koropupū - tetahi o tawhito te rauemi mōhiotia i roto i te aamu o te taata nei. Kei roto atu mau tao'ao Ancient Ihipa mōhiohio e pā ana ki te konutai pākawa waro taonga, te tātai o nei, o te akoranga, nui i muri i tuhia. Wiwi, pūrongo tatou e i roto i Ihipa i whakaritea tēnei pūhui i ngā roto, me te i te pungarehu whiwhi i ngā tipu incineration kei roto alkali. Me kï reira e noho Ihipa te kaihanga nui me kaiwhakarato o te houra i runga i te mākete ao noa te mutunga o te rau tau XVII, hoko he mana moana ao, ki Ihipa kua piri Spain rite te kaiwhakarato ārahi o te houra pungarehu. Ahumahi, te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi hou hiahia te whakanui ake moni o tenei taonga utu nui, engari no te mea i roto i 1775 te French Academy i te kaupapa o te encyclopedists rongonui whakaritea he whakataetae tuwhera mo te whanaketanga o te tukanga ahumahi mō te whakaputa houra koropupū. Kua riro te toa o tenei "takahanga matū" he rongonui rongoā Wīwī, me te pūtaiao whakamātau Nikolay Leblan, ko wai hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i 1792 i industrially hua konutai pākawa waro, te tātai o mea i tuhituhia ai rite Na2CO3. Mahi Leblanc māngai kawe i te tauhohe whakaputa te taonga o te pūhaumāota konutai ki te kotakota tūturu me ranunga o te konutai pūkawa. I whiwhi te rewanga tauhohe, arā, o Na2C03 ko CAS, i nei te wai, me te leached ki te konutai pākawa waro, te pūhui o te tātai - Na2CO3.

Leblanc tikanga mo te wa roa, kua meinga te ahumahi nui. E ai ki etahi kairangahau, te hanga o wheketere mo te hanga o te houra arahina ki te tupu o agglomerations tāone me te kukū o te taupori i roto i ngā wāhi tāone. whai wāhi houra hanga, me te ki te whanaketanga o ētahi atu wāhanga o te ahumahi matū, pēnei i te hanga o te pūngāwhā me te hauota waikawa.

whai wāhi whanaketanga o te houra hanga ki te whanaketanga o ngā mātāpuna o ngā rauemi mata mo te hanga o pyrites rino, te tote, saltpeter.

puta he hawhe rau anake i muri i roto i te tikanga o Leblanc tāwhai - haukini tikanga houra production. Ko he taahiraa i mua, kia rite ki hiahiatia iti mahi, wera, rauemi raw, me rite ki te hua, ko te nui iti.

Te reira i cheapening production whai wāhi ki te putanga o taua pūhui rite konutai, te faaineineraa o i whai wāhi ki te roha o te tono kua reira rite te hua kai, mohiotia inaianei e te ingoa o te tāpiri kai E-500 - tunu houra.

āhuatanga matū o te whai pungarehu konupūmā pākawa waro. Ko te taonga, ko te hygroscopic, arā absorbs makuku rawa pai, he aha te mea, mo te tino, hau atu i te kotahi, ia papu.

I tua atu ki te wai, a ka absorbs reira hauhā, kei nei i roto i te hanganga rangi. kia tenei e tangohia ki whakaaro ka rokiroki i te taonga. Pūāhua wai taunekeneke houra tei te nuinga i runga i te taumata o te haumākū, me te pāmahana.

A, no te tahu, te decomposed te pūhui ki hauhā me te ōkai. ähua te houra te ki te waikawa, hei tauira, te konutai pākawa waro, waikawa pūhaumāota hua i te pāhekoheko i waenganui i te hāorarua puka waro.

whakamahia konutai pākawa waro i roto i te hanga ahumahi o te karaihe, peita, me varnishes, hopi teretere. Ko tōna āhuatanga tukua te whakamahi o tenei pūhui i te purenga o te hinu, te wheketere,, te hanga o waihā houra me te konutai tai.