Āputa māia. He aha te mea me pehea e taea te whakamahi i te reira?

Te whakawhirinaki āputa, ka haere mai ki a tatou i te mara o tatauranga. Tenei etahi ngā, e te kaimahi ki te whakatau tata i te tawhā unknown ki te tohu nui o te tika. Ko te huarahi māmā ki te whakamārama i tenei ko ki te tauira.

Whakaaro e hiahia ana koe ki te tūhura i tetahi uara tupurangi, hei tauira, he wa tūmau urupare ki te tono kiritaki. wā katoa momo te kaiwhakamahi te wāhitau motuhake, tali te tūmau ki reira i kīia rerekē. Ko te kupu, Ko matapōkere te wa whakautu whakamātautau. Na, ki te āputa māia te whakatau i te rohe o tenei tawhā, a ka ka waiho reira taea ki te tautohe e ki te tūponotanga o te 95% te auau tauhohe o ka hei te tūmau i roto i te awhe tatau e tatou.

Ranei e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio e hia iwi e mōhio o te tohu o te kamupene hokohoko. A, no te tatau te āputa māia te, katahi ka waiho taea, hei tauira, ki te mea e te 95% te rahi tūponotanga o kiritaki e E mōhio o tenei waitohu, ko roto i te whānui i 27% ki te 34%.

Mai te mea e pā ana tata ki te uara pērā i te taumata whakawhirinaki tenei wā. Ko te pea e ngā te kōwhiringa e hiahiatia ana i roto i te āputa māia. Mai i tenei uara tei reira ki runga ki te pehea nui ka hei ngā hiahiatia matou. Ko te nui o te uara e tango reira, te whaiti te āputa māia, a hurihia. Tikanga kua whakatakotoria reira ki 90%, 95% 99% ranei. Ko te uara 95% he tino rongonui.

pā hoki wāhanga Active te manene o ngā kitenga me te rahi tauira. hāngai ana tōna whakamāramatanga kei i runga i te whakaaro e te huanga i roto i te pātai he raro ki te ture tuari noa. Ana tēnei tauākī Kei te mohiotia ano rite ture o Gauss. E ai ki a ia, ka karanga i tenei ko te tuari noa o te taurangi matapōkere tonu e taea te whakaahuatia e te kiato tūponotanga. Ki te mohiotia te whakaaro o te tuari noa ki te kia he, ka te tata i taea e he.

Tuatahi, kia mahi a ki te pehea, ki te tātai i te wā whakawhirinaki mo te tumanako. E rua ngā take ka taea. Manene (tohu o whakamararatia o te tāupe tupurangi) kia mohiotia ai kahore ranei. Ki te mohiotia ai, tatau to matou āputa māia te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:

HSR - t * σ / (sqrt (n)) <= α <= HSR + t * σ / (sqrt (n)), ai

α - tohu,

t - tawhā o te tepu tohatoha Rāpāra,

sqrt (n) - te pakiaka tapawha o te katoa rōrahi tauira ,

σ - te pakiaka tapawha o te rerekētanga.

Ki te he mōhiotia te whawhai, e taea te tātai te reira, ki te mohio tatou ki nga uara katoa o te huaira hiahiatia. Ki te mahi i tenei, te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:

σ2 = h2sr - (HSR) 2, ai

h2sr - te uara toharite o te tapawhā o te huru ako,

(HSR) 2 - tapawha tikanga uara o te āhuatanga.

Ko te tātai i te i roto i tenei take tātai te whakawhirinaki wā ko paku rerekē:

HSR - t * s / (sqrt (n)) <= α <= HSR + t * s / (sqrt (n)), ai

XCP - tikanga te tauira,

α - tohu,

t - tawhā kitea e te e te Ākonga tohatoha tepu t = t (ɣ: n-1),

sqrt (n) - te pakiaka tapawha o te rahi tauira,

s - te pakiaka tapawha o te rerekētanga.

Fakakaukau angé ki tenei tauira. Me kī kua takoto i nga hua o te 7 inenga te uara toharite o te āhuatanga whakamātautau, i te mea e rite ana ki te 30 me te tauira whawhai rite ki te 36. kia kitea reira ki te tūponotanga o 99% āputa māia e kei te uara pono o te tawhā whanganga.

Tuatahi tautuhi tatou te mea ko te t: t = t (0,99: 7-1) = 3.71. Mā te whakamahi i te tātai i runga, whiwhi tatou:

HSR - t * s / (sqrt (n)) <= α <= HSR + t * s / (sqrt (n))

30 - 3.71 * 36 / (sqrt (7)) <= α <= 30 + 3.71 * 36 / (sqrt (7))

21,587 <= α <= 38,413

tatau te āputa māia mō te whawhai kei te rite kei te take ki tau toharite mōhiotia, a ka kahore he raraunga i runga i te tumanako pāngarau, me te uara mōhiotia wāhi i whakarite whawhai tōkeke anake. E kore e hoatu e matou i konei te tātai mo tona tātaitanga, mai he ratou rawa matatini me, ki te hiahiatia, e taea tonu te kitea ratou ki runga ki te whatunga.

mōhio tatou anake e te wa takoto te āputa māia te whakamahi i te hōtaka whatunga ranei ratonga Excel, e kiia nei ko.