Lenin Library. Moscow Lenin Puna

Ko Russian Lenin Library te nehua pukapuka motu o te Russian Federation. I roto i te tahi atu mea, ko te ārahi rangahau institution, pokapū raupapa me te whakawhiti o te whenua. Kei Lenin Library i Moscow. He aha te mea te hītori o tenei institution? Ko wai tu i tona pūtake? Kia pehea te maha pukapuka pupuru ana Moscow Lenin Library? I runga i tenei me te maha atu i muri mai i roto i te tuhinga.

whare pukapuka National i 1924, te tau ki te rā

State Library ingoa i muri i Lenin (haora o te mahi, ka e kia hoatu i raro nei) i hanga e runga i te kaupapa o te Rumyantsev Museum. Mai 1932, te whare pukapuka i honoa ki te rārangi o pokapū rangahau o te faufaa motu. I roto i nga ra wawe o te Pakanga 2 Ao i te whare whakatahia i rawa tino faufaa. I Kikī te reira, ka kaweake e pā ana ki 700 mano tuhinga onge e kua puritia Lenin Library. ka Nizhny Novgorod te nohoanga o te hōneatanga o ngā kohinga faufaa. Me mea e ahau e i roto i Gorky kei hoki rawa te whare pukapuka nui - te mea matua i runga i te mara.

ana'iraa

I roto i te wā i Hōngongoi 1941 ki Maehe 1942, kua whakahaua te Lenin Library ki ngā, te nuinga English-korero, te whenua o neke atu i te 500 pukapuka ki te horo'a utu. i whiwhi whakaaetanga i te maha o āhua. I 1942 Tau kua whakapumautia whare pukapuka utu pukapuka whanaunga ki 16 whenua, me te 189 ngā rōpū th. O te moni rahi ko te hononga ki te United States me Ingarangi.

E Mei o taua tau, whakarewahia whakahaere o te whare he "tohu" i mutu i mua i te mutunga o nga pakanga. Ka rite ki te hua, kua tangohia cabinets kōnae me kōpaki ki pūkete, me te hoatu i roto i te puka tika. I whakatuwheratia te tāpae ruma pānui tuatahi i roto i 1942, i runga i 24 Mei. I roto i te muri, 43 th, taitamarikitanga, me te tuhinga o ngā tamariki, i hanga e te tari. Na roto i te 1944, te iwa o nga tau te whare pukapuka, ko muri i Lenin hoki evacuees whawhai tuatahi rawa faufaa. I roto i te taua tau i hanga ai Poari me te Buka o Whakahonoretia. I roto i te Hui-tanguru, whakapumautia te tari 44 o te whakahokinga mai, me te tiaki i roto i nga tāpae. i whakapumautia Rangahau taiwhanga ki a ia. I roto i te taua tau, ngā pātai e pā ana ki te whakawhiti o depositories pukapuka o otinga täkutatanga, me te ariki o kua whakatau. pūtea hanganga Hohe pai io kawea atu na roto i te whiwhi ao tawhito, me te tuhinga kāinga. I te 1945, Mei 29, i whakawhiwhia te tāpae te Order o Lenin mō tāna mahi nui ki te taonga, me te tiki ake pukapuka me te papatipu whanui o te mahi kaipānui '. I te taua mētara me whakahau riro te reira i te tau nui o ngā kaimahi whare herehere.

ngā tāke Whanaketanga i roto i te tau kaumātua

Na roto i te 1946, i reira i te iwa o nga tau, he pātai e pā ana ki te hanganga o te Putumōhio Union o ngā pukapuka Russian. April 18 te taua tau, i te State Library ingoa i muri ko Lenin te wāhi mō te amuiraa i te kaipānui '. Hoki i muri nga tau 1947-mu i whakaaetia e nga tikanga te whakatū i te ture mō te tuhi ake te Putumōhio Union o putanga Russian o depositories nui o te Soviet Union.

Hei kawe i tenei mahi i runga i te pūtake o te nehua pukapuka i whakapumautia poari tohutohu. Kei a ia ko ngā māngai o ngā whare pukapuka tūmatanui (ki a ratou. Saltykov-Shchedrin, tāpae Academy o Sciences me ētahi atu). Ka rite ki te hua, tīmata ngā mahi katoa turanga whakangungu mo te rārangi o ngā pukapuka Russian o te rau tau 19. Hoki i roto i te 1947, i hoatu e ia ki te nekeneke me te tereina hiko mo te whakaritenga tuku mo te rokiroki o ngā pukapuka i te ruma pānui me te rima tekau nekeneke ki te kawe whakaputanga.

pūtahi huringa Structural

I te mutunga o 1952, i whakaaetia ai e te Tūtohinga o te tāpae. I roto i te April 1953, i roto i te hononga ki te whakakorenga o te komiti e pā ana ki ngā take o whare ahurea me te mātauranga, me te hanganga o te Manatū o Culture o te RSFSR, i whakawhitia te Lenin Library ki te Tari hou i hanga o Whakahaere Public. Na roto i te 1955, ka anga te iwa o nga tau hanga, me te tohatoha o ngā kāri tā ki ītonu taumai me te kāri moni tāpui rāngai cartography ture. Kua me ki tenei kua whakahoutia me te tikite ao.

Mai i whakatuwheratia 1957 th me 1958 th te maha ruma pānui. I roto i runga ki te whakahau i whakaputaina e te Tāhuhu o te Culture, i roto i te 1959, i whakapumautia ai i te poari ētita, tūmanakohia nei mahi ko te whakaputanga o nga papa o whare pukapuka, me te whakarōpūtanga rārangi pukapuka. I roto i nga tau 1959-60-th o moni whaipainga, e pā ana ki te fare pūtaiao, kua whakamaoritia ki tuwhera uru. Ko te kupu, ngāue waenganui-te 60raa i roto i te tāpae 20 atu ruma pānui hoki neke atu i te 2,300.

whakatutukitanga

I roto i te 1973 Kua riro Lenin Library te tohu teitei o Bulgaria - Order o Dmitrov. I te timatanga o 1975 haere reira te whakanui tau rima tekau o te faafariuraa Rumyantsev ki ngā tāpae tūmatanui motu. I te timatanga o 1992, riro te Puna i te mana o Russian. Muri, ko izoizdany 93 m, i wehea tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū MABIS (Moscow Association depositories toi). I roto i te 1995, tīmata te State Library he kaupapa "Memory o Russia". Na roto i te tau i muri mai, te kaupapa i runga i te ao hou, o te whare kua whakaaetia. I roto i te 2001, i whakaaetia ai e te tāpae tūtohinga whakahoutia. I te wa taua i reira ko te whakataki o kawe kōrero hou, e nui ke tukanga i roto i te hanganga whare pukapuka.

moni tāpae

Ko te kohinga tuatahi o te whare pukapuka i te whakaminenga Rumyantsev. I roto i tona hanganga i tae e runga i 28 mano. Publications, 1000 kāri, 700 tuhinga. I roto i tetahi o nga ture tuatahi whakahaere i nga tāpae mahi, i kī ai kia whiwhi te faanahoraa te mau papai katoa e kua a ka kia whakaputaina i roto i te Russian Empire. Ko te kupu, ka anga te tukunga ā-ture i te tau 1862 ki te tomo i te tau tuatahi.

I muri, te puna nui o ngā takoha parahi ētahi me mau horo'a. I te timatanga o 1917 ka puritia a te whare pukapuka a tawhio noa 1 miriona 200 mano putanga. Ka rite ki o Hānuere rōrahi pūtea 2013th ko kua 44 miriona. 800 mano. Tārua. Kei roto i tēnei rangatū me hautaka, ngā pukapuka, tuhinga tawhito, pūranga niupepa, pukapuka (tae atu uri), tauira tā koroheke, me ngā tuhinga mō ngā kawe mōhiohio kore-tuku iho. kua he whakarite i te ao ki te typological me ihirangi ki te whakatutuki i ngā tuhinga ke, me te kāinga i roto i runga i 360 reo Russian Lenin Library.

ngā mahi rangahau

Lenin Library (tāpae whakaahua aroaro i roto i te tuhinga) ko te pokapū ārahi o te whenua i roto i te mara o te knigo-, biblioteko- me te rārangi pukapuka. Scientists mahi i roto i te whakatūnga, whai wāhi i roto i te whanaketanga, te whakatinanatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā kaupapa. I roto ia ratou, "te Fund National tuhinga e pā ana", "Kaute, te tāututanga me te tiaki o urupa pukapuka o te Russian Federation", "Memory o Russia" me etahi atu.

I tua atu, te whakawhanakehia tonu ariā, turanga huarahi o librarianship, te faaineineraa o ngā tuhinga raupapa me te ture i roto i te mara o te pūtaiao whare pukapuka. whai wāhi tari rangahau me te whanaketanga i roto i te hanga o ngā pātengi raraunga, taupū, pūrongo production ngaio, rangahau me te pŭpŭ tauturu, motu, āhua tohutohu. Whakawhanakehia konei me pātai i runga i te ariā, tikanga, hītori, hangarau, whakahaere me te tikanga o te rārangi pukapuka. Rite tonu te tū i roto i te whare pukapuka o te ako ngā āhuatanga hītori whitinga o te ahurea pukapuka.

Tautooraa ki te whakawhānui i te mahi o tāpae

Tūmahi o rangahau me te pānui i te tari pukapuka ngā tautoko tātari mo te mahi o te whare pukapuka kia rite ki te taputapu o te kaupapa here ngā mōhiohio o te faufaa motu. I tua atu, mahi te tari i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā mahi ahurea me te mau parau tumu ki te tautuhi i te kape tino faufaa o ngā tuhinga me ngā pukapuka, te whakatinanatanga o te taunakitanga i roto i te ngā mahi o te whare, me te whanaketanga o ngā hōtaka me ngā kaupapa i runga i te whakaaturanga o moni whare pukapuka. I te wa ano e mahi koe i runga i te rangahau, me te introduction mahi ki nga tikanga o te whakahokinga mai, me te tiaki o te whare pukapuka rangahau tuhinga nehua, raupapa, me ngā mahi kōrero.

Puna Modern ingoa i muri i Lenin

Kei paetukutuku Official o te institution mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hītori o te takenga mai, tāpae whanaketanga. Here e taea hoki kia maheni koe ki whaiaronga, ratonga, ngā me kaupapa. E whakahaerehia ana te whare i te Mane ki te Paraire i te 9 am ki te 8 pm, Rāhoroi - i 9 ki te whitu i roto i te ahiahi. Day atu - Rātapu.

E whakahaerehia ana te whare pukapuka i tenei ra i te pokapū whakangungu mō atu, me te paerunga tohunga mātauranga. kawea ngā mahi i roto i runga i te pūtake o te raihana FS mo te tirotiro i te ao o te pūtaiao me te mātauranga. I te mahi te pūtake o te pokapū kura puta, e whakaako tohunga i roto i te parae "bibliology", "Bibliography" me "Puna". E ai ki te ahunga taua o mahi o te paraparau Kaunihera, tona mana ngā te āpā o nekehanga mātauranga o te tākuta, me te kaitono o pūtaiao ako. whakaaetia ana tēnei tari te ki te tango ki te tiaki i te mahi o te whāiti i roto i sciences mātauranga, me te hītori.

tāurunga Ture

Whakamahia te ruma pānui (i he inaianei i roto i te whare pukapuka 36) e taea e tangata katoa - e rua te Russian Federation me whenua ke - ka tae ratou te tau o waru. meatia te tuhi i roto i te aratau aunoa, e whakarato ana hoki te issuance o te kaipānui tīkiti kirihou, te wahi photo whaiaro tangata hakari. Hei whiwhi i tētahi kāri whare pukapuka me tapae koe he uruwhenua ki te tukua e te noho (ranei rēhita noho), mō ngā ākonga - pukamāka ākonga ranei kāri mō te tu'ite kura nui - he tuhinga mātauranga.

Mamao a i runga i-aho rēhita

Te whare pukapuka mahi i te pūnaha tuhi mamao. I roto i tenei take, he kāri whare pukapuka hiko. Me motu Foreign ki te tuhituhi i te tuhinga tiwhikete ratou tuakiri, iritihia ki Russian. Hei te rēhita e-tīkiti ka whai i te mōkihi katoa tangata pepa e tika ana ki te unga i te mēra. I tua atu, i te mahi tuhi ipurangi. Ko reira e wātea ana mō te rēhita kaipānui ipurangi. mahi tuhi te ipurangi i tō Papatohu.