Levin Kurt: biography, whakaahua, whakatutukitanga, ngā whakamātau. mara ariā o Kurt Lewin poto

Kurt Lewin - he kaimātai hinengaro, kōrero ora me whakatutukitanga e tika tokanga makehe. Ko te tangata e hoatu tona wairua ki te tahi mea ki te hanga i te ao, he atawhai iti, ki te whakahaere i whanaunga e ara ake i roto i rerekē rōpū pāpori tenei. Ko ia he humanist pono.

Kurt Lewin: biography

whanau kaimātai hinengaro Future ko Mahuru 2, 1890 i roto i Mogilno, i kei i runga i te rohe o te kawanatanga Prussia o Posen (inaianei he rohe o Poland). I te whanau, he tamaiti, ko Tsadek. Otiia kihai i tenei ingoa i roto i Prussia pai bode. Hoki tenei take, i homai te tamaiti he ingoa tuarua - Kurt.

whakauaua te tangata taitama taea tumanako mo te heke mai hari i roto i te kawanatanga mamao. Heoi, i roto i te 1905 i mahue tona utuafare tona pa Māori, ka oho ki Berlin. tomo Kurt te Medical Faculty o te University o Freiburg, tae kauwhau i roto i te koiora i te University o Munich.

ngā mahi pūtaiao

Ki te pakarutanga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, i Lewin mahi i roto i te ope Tiamana. I reira i hanga e ia tona kitenga tuatahi. Kua kitea Scientists Future e te tirohanga tangata o te ao, ko te tino ti'aturi i runga i taua rōpū, me te taiao, me i te whai pānga te reira. Ko te kupu, ko te kairangahau i te tauira mohio e whakaaro nga hoia paru awa whakaruru tika, me te papa karaihe ara whaihua - te rohe o te mate. Ko te kupu, i taea e ki te whakamatau e he rerekē i te whakaaro o te iwi i roto i te rangimarie i te perception o nga hoia o te ao Levin. Ano, huringa i roto i te mahara puta i roto i te mau melo katoa o te hapori.

Riro mai i te mahi tuari whara Levin Kurt i demobilized, i ue'i ia ki tonu te mahi i runga i tona tuhinga i te University o Berlin.

Levin tuatahi whenumi i roto i te hinengaro whanonga. Ko te wā, puta ke etahi o tona rangahau ratou aronga ki te hinengaro Gestalt. Tenei i hoatu e te whai wāhi ki te mahi ki taua māngai o tenei kura, kia rite ki Maks Vertgeymer ko Wolfgang Köhler.

I roto i te 1933, ka tono tangata Levin Kurt ki Ingarangi, i reira oho hohoro ki te United States. I te wa taua i reira ko tetahi hui ki te pūtaiao Eric maia, e ua faahiahia e te rangahau o Kurt i roto i tona mahi i roto i te ope.

I mua ki tenei, Horowhenua hoki e ono nga marama i mahi rite te ahorangi i Stanford, ka haere ki University Cornell. I maoro whakaritea Curt i kaiwhakahaere o te Center mō te Rōpū Dynamics i te Institute o Technology Massachusetts.

1946 ka anga ki Levina mate. I ui ia ki te kitea te tikanga e taea hinga mana'o hape fakalotú, me te iwi. ka mau a Kurt te whakamātau, e pai muri riro mohiotia rite "therapy rōpū." Kua waiho whakatutukitanga peheé he huānga nui i roto i te turanga o te National Training Laboratory.

I te mutunga o te Pakanga II o te Ao, ako Kurt te whakanohonoho hinengaro o herehere mua o kemi.

mate Kurt Lewin February 12, 1947 i roto i Massachusetts. tanumia ia he kaiputaiao nui i roto i tona whenua. puta tona matenga i roto i te tere i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te pokapū mō te ritenga o te feia faatere ao. Kia aroha mai, e kore i taea e Kurt ora ake ki te kau o te tupuraa o ratou moe.

MURI whakatuwheratanga o "Theory Āpure"

i tākiekina Hanganga o te mara ariā i te whakatutukitanga o sciences tangohia, pērā i te ahupūngao me te pāngarau. I te taua wa hinengaro Levin faaieie, i roto i nei rapu ano ia ki te hanga i etahi tika. Ko te kupu, ka anga te kitea tino nui Levin i te wā kaumātua, he whakamātau hinengaro. Tae noa taua wa, i riro ai e te mea tino hotokore ki te ariā hinengaro, no te mea e hāngai ana tenei pūtaiao i runga i enei matū, rite te wairua, kare, pūāhua. I roto i te poto, i whakapono ai e te tata hono hinengaro ki te meka e kore e taea te ako i raro i te karu.

Mara ariā Lewin (poto)

Heoi, ka haere a Levin i te huarahi i te ritenga, ohi i te tinihanga ki te kāmera huna. I roto i to ratou ngā, hoatu pūtaiao te whakamātautau i roto i te ruma i reira i reira i ngā taonga: he pukapuka, he pere, he pene me te rite. tīmata ia tangata ki te whakaputa i ki tetahi whawhe mea. Otiia ki te karanga i te pere - ko reira angamaheni mo te katoa.

arahina ia ngā Kurt Lewin o ki te mutunga takiekina e te he tangata kahore he whakaaro i ngā āhuatanga o waho. i tūturu i roto i te taua mahi, e pai pana ratou rite te taonga ratou kaupapa katoa. Mai i tenei aru reira e te iwi hore i to ratou taiao mua ko rawa ngāwari ki te whakahaere. I muri i te katoa, tetahi o nga kaiuru o te whakamātau i Kahore he aha ki te tango i te pene pere ranei. Ko te kupu, te awe i te taonga hiahia tangata e te tikanga kaimātai hinengaro rite te ahua o utu pūngao, whakapataritari ngaohiko whakamātautau. panaia te kāwanatanga taua te tangata ki te rere, i ko ki te whakatau i te hiahia.

Ko te kupu, ko te ariā mara o Kurt Lewin, he whakarāpopototanga o nei aroaro te ki koutou whakarongo i roto i te tuhinga, ko te tikanga taketake o te whanonga tangata. Ngā mihi ki a ia, ka whakamatauria ai e tei te huinga o ngā mahi katoa i runga i nga ngā motuhake o te mara tīariari.

mau haapiiraa pū o Kurt Lewin

ako hinengaro o te whanonga tangata heke ki te raupapa o ngā āhuatanga:

1. kia tātarihia Whanonga i roto i te anga o te āhuatanga whānui.
2. māngai He takitahi i roto i te āhuatanga ngā te pāngarau.
3. Whanonga hanga te hui tūturu anake. Eaha tei tupu i roto i te mua ranei ka tupu i roto i te heke mai, paku noa ke te hanganga o te parae.
4. Ko te taua i mawhiti tuatahi, e kore e whakapataritari tonu te whanonga o te taua take.

I whakaurua Scientists wā "tuakiri iwi". Kurt Lewin, he whakaahua e taea kite koutou i roto i te tuhinga, whakaaro e kore e taea e tika ana ki te āhua o te tangata i tana whakatipu ranei te whanonga o te takitahi. Heoi, ko e rua o enei āhua tino nui. Tenei titau e te whanonga ko te hua o ngā taunekeneke i waenganui i te takitahi me te āhuatanga.

tikanga mana Main

Levin Kurt, i roto i era atu mea, ua haapii te tikanga whakahaere whakahaere i roto i ngā rōpū. E ai ki pūtaiao, e taea te whakarōpūtia ratou, i runga i kāhua whakahaere. He etahi momo taketake:

1. Fakaaoao. mana'o kino te tangata no te mea o te rangatira kaha rōpū pēhanga.
2. kāhua Manapori Ko te whanaketanga tahi o te rautaki i runga i te pūtake o ngā tukanga ngā, tango ki pūkete nga whakaaro o te rangatira.
3. Non-pokanoa. Ko te ngako o tenei kāhua takoto i roto i te meka e kua hanga whakataunga katoa, kahore te whai wāhitanga o te rangatira. Kei te whai wāhi te reira i roto i te wehenga o te mahi, anake, ki te ui ki te rave i te reira. he rangatira taua he uaua whakamoemiti tangata.

Ngohe o pokapū rangahau Kurt Lewin o

I 1944, i taea e ki te whakatū i tētahi Center mo nga Dynamics Ako Group i te Institute o Technology Massachusetts Kurt Lewin. I te wa ano, ka whaia e ia he whāinga faka'ekonōmika. Scientist tumanako toku ora katoa hoki whakaaetanga i roto i te ao o te tangata. E ai ki a ia, Me manapori te taata katoa, i roto i te tikanga ki te fakamolū ratou ritenga. Āwhina whakapumautia humanism Kurt Lewin tamata e whakahaere trainings rōpū.

whakaatu i te pūtaiao e e te huringa pāpori i roto i ki te rōpū haere i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga:

• "Unfreezing";
• "Huri";
• "He Freeze hou."

"Defrost" Ko te āhuatanga i reira i tangohia o tona ora, me te uara i ngā kaupapa matua mua he rōpū. I roto i tenei wā, ko ia i te mate. I roto i te wā i muri mai, e whakaarohia ana te reira i te pūnaha hou o uara me hihiri, i muri i te whakatūnga o te kāwanatanga o e kia hoki ki "whakatio" rōpū.

E te ara, Levin ko te hanga o te momo hou o kōrero i waenganui i te kaimātai hinengaro, me tona kiritaki. E mea pinepine taua kōrero ko atu rite te mau a'oraa tākuta ki te manawanui. Kurt kua tino puta ke te rautaki o te hanga kōrero. Ko tona kōrero rite te kōrero i waenganui i ngā ākonga me te ahorangi.

ngā kaimātai hinengaro Kurt Lewin o

Research Centre, i hanga e Kurt Lewin, kaha whakahaere trainings mo te kaimahi o ngā hinonga. Hei tauira, ngā nga ratonga o te kaimātai hinengaro Harwood Manufacturing Company ki te amuamu e nga kaimahi o te kamupene mo te wa roa ako i te whakataki o tetahi auaha, e arata'i ki te maturuturunga iho i roto i te taumata mahi.

Hei whakaoti i te raruraru o Levin Kurt ka mau toru kaimahi o te rōpū, a hoatu ana ratou e te mahi:

• Ko te rōpū tuatahi ki te whakatau me pehea ki te tino tōtika te mahi i roto i te anga o te hangarau tukanga hou.
• i te rōpū tuarua ki te tīpako i ngā māngai ki te kia tonoa ki te kaiārahi ki te matapaki i te auahatanga.
• He toru rōpū, arā, o ngā kaimahi me te kaiwhakahaere kia whakahaere i te "manomano" i runga i te whanaketanga o te hangarau hou.

Ka rite ki te hua o te whakamātautau i kitea ai e e whakaaturia nga hua pai te rōpū whakamutunga. I muri i taua, kua riro whakahaere te kamupene o te kupu tohutohu i te kaimātai hinengaro rongonui.

kau muimui pūtaiao

Kurt Lewin, nga whakatutukitanga o e kua whakaaro matou, he tino rongonui. Scientists i huri noa i te ao te whakawhanake ana whakaaro, te whakawhanake i te "ariā mara". I roto i te iwi nei tonu te mahi o te kaimātai hinengaro tino, - te kaituhi o te ariā o te dissonance hinengaro, Leon Festinger, hinengaro taiao kairangahau taiao Roger Barker, me te te kaiwhakatū o te ariā o te taumira o pakanga me Morton Doych Blum Zeigarnik.