Mechanization me aunoatanga o tukanga production

Aunoatanga o production me ngā tukanga hangarau ko te tukanga i roto i nei te mahi mana me te whakahaere whakamana e te tangata tutataki noa te mea me ngā pūrere. Tenei nui faarahi te tōtika o te mahi, me te hua kounga. I tua atu, whakarato te reira i te whakaiti i roto i te ōwehenga o kaimahi whai wāhi i roto i te wāhi ahumahi rerekē. Kia whai whakaaro ano tatou atu te mea te tikanga aunoatanga me te aunoatanga o tukanga ahumahi.

mōhiohio hītori

Takitahi mahi pūrere - Momo o te pūnaha aunoa hou - ka anga ki te puta noa i roto i nga wa onamata. Heoi, tae noa ki te rau tau 18 ko reira whānui ngā mahi artisanal me artisanal. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e kore taua he "whaiaro whakakapi-" pūrere kitea tono mahi. I roto i te mutunga o te 18 - wawe senituli 19.. i reira ko te koi pukapuka peke, me te hanga taumata. hanga te revolution ahumahi nga tikanga mo te whakapai ake o ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu, taputapu pūmārō mo te tangata whakakapinga.

Mechanization me aunoatanga o tukanga production

Ko te huringa i kawea mai te Revolution Industrial, tokanga matua rakau, me te tukatuka whakarewa, takahuri, wheketere te raranga. Mechanization me aunoatanga o tukanga production kua ngā ako e Marx. ka kite ia ratou kia rite ki te aronga faufaa hou o te ahunga whakamua. tuhu ia ki te neke i mihini takitahi ki te whakaaunoa ratou matatini. ka mea a Marx e kia kia whakaritea te tangata mana me te whakahaere mahi mohio. tu i muri ki te tukanga ahumahi te kaimahi, me te mana te reira. Ko te whakatutukitanga matua i riro wa tenenga pūtaiao Russian Polzunova me English hou Watt. Hangaia e te tuatahi he regulator aunoa mo te kōhua mana, me te tuarua - te pūmana turai tere pūkaha mamaoa. noho whakarata he rawa mahi hinengaro wa roa. Mua ki te whakataki o te aunoatanga whakakapi mahi ā-kawea atu e te tikanga o te mechanization o ngā tukanga ngaahi houalotú, me te matua.

Te āhuatanga i tenei ra

I te wā nei o te whanaketanga o te pūnaha tukanga aunoatanga te taata production i runga i te whakamahi o rorohiko, me te ngā pūmanawa. te āwhina ratou ki te whakaiti i te tohu o te whai wāhi o te iwi i roto i ngā mahi ranei tino faaore i te reira. Ko te whāinga o te aunoatanga o tukanga production ngā whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā mahi, whakaiti i te wa e hiahia ana ratou, whakaiti utu, te whakanui ake i te tika me te pūmautanga o te mahi.

te mau parau tumu taketake

I teie mahana aunoatanga o tukanga production kua whakatinana i roto i te maha ngā wāhi o te ahumahi. Ahakoa o te hōkai me te rōrahi o te mahi o nga kamupene, tata ia o ratou whakamahi pūrere pūmanawa. He ngā taumata o te aunoatanga. Heoi, he ngaahi tefito'i mo'oni noa mo te katoa o ratou. whakarato rātou i ngā whakaurunga mo te mahi whai hua o ngā mahi, me te whakatakoto ture whakahaere noa. Te mau parau tumu, i roto i te runga i ai te aunoatanga o tukanga whakangao ngā:

1. Ōritetanga. Me ngā mahi katoa i roto i te anga o te mahi tahi i te tahi, ki te haere i roto i te tetahi raupapa. I roto i te take o te ōrite ko pea he takahi o te tere tukanga.
2. Integration. Me uru mahi Automatable ki te taiao hinonga whānui. I etahi wā o te tuitui kawea i roto i roto i ara rerekē, engari he mahi te mauri o tenei parau tumu. Aunoatanga o tukanga production i roto i hinonga kia whakarato mahi pāhekoheko ki te taiao o waho.
3. mahi motuhake. kia kawea mahi Automatable i roto i takitahi. e kore te whai wāhi te tangata i roto i reira whakaratohia, ranei kia waiho reira iti (mana anake). E kore me te kaimahi pokanoa ki te mahi, ki te te kawea reira i roto i rite ki nga whakaritenga.

E tohua ēnei parau tumu i roto i runga i te taumata o te aunoatanga o te tukanga. No te ngā mahi te kaiwhakau ia atu te mau parau tumu o te tonutanga, proportionality, whāiti, me te pera i runga i.

taumata o te aunoatanga

Kei te nuinga o whakarōpūtia ratou rite ki te āhua o te whakahaere i te kamupene o. Te reira i, i roto i te tahuri, ka taea e kia:

1. Rautaki.
2. Tactical.
3. Whakahaere.

Nä, i reira he:

1. Ko te taumata o raro o te aunoatanga (te raveraa i). Here āwangawanga whakahaere i runga i te wā o te whakawhitinga. Aunoatanga o mahi tukanga ahumahi hāngai mahi whakahaere, tiaki o huinga tawhā, te pupuri i te aratau whakahaere tatūkē.
2. Ko te taumata rauhanga. He te whakaratohia e te tohatoha o ngā mahi i waenganui i ngā mahi. I roto i te tauira ngā whakamahere production me tiaki, tuhinga, ranei te whakahaere rauemi, me te pera i runga i.
3. taumata rautaki. kawea te reira i roto i te whakahaere o te kamupene. Aunoatanga o tukanga whakaputa o te whakatau rautaki whakarato pātai mana'ohia e, me te tātari. He mea tika ki te mau tonu te mahi o te taumata whakahaere rawa. whakarato ana tēnei taumata o te aunoatanga whakahaere rautaki, pūtea, me te ōhanga.

whakarōpū

whakaratohia Aunoatanga e te whakamahi i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha (OLAP, CRM, ERP me pera atu.). Kua wehewehea katoa o ratou ki e toru ngā momo matua:

1. Pumau. I roto i enei pūnaha, kua whakaturia te raupapa i roto i runga i te whirihoranga pūmārō tukanga ranei tikanga. e kore e taea te puta ke te reira i roto i te mahi.
2. Programmable. Ka taea e ratou te huri i te raupapa i runga i te whirihoranga tukanga me te hōtaka hoatu rānei. kawea te kōwhiringa o te mekameka o ngā mahi i roto i te taha o te huinga motuhake o taputapu. E tai'o ratou, ka tikanga e te pūnaha.
3. Mono a Play (ngāwari). Ka taea e taua pūnaha tīpako i te mahi e hiahiatia ana i runga i te ngaro. huringa whirihoranga ngā mahi tango i te wahi i runga i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mahi o nāianei.

Ka taea te whakamahi i enei momo katoa i ngā taumata katoa wehe rite te mōkihi ranei.

momo o ngā mahi

I roto i nga rāngai ōhanga i reira he rōpū e hua hua whakarato ratonga ranei. Ka taea te wehea ratou ki e toru ngā kāwai rite ki te "tūhāhā" o ngā rauemi i roto i te mekameka tukatuka:

1. Mining te whakaputa ranei - ahuwhenua, te hinu me te hau kamupene, mo te tauira.
2. Processing tūturu whakahaere rauemi raw. I roto i te hanga o ngā hua kei te whakamahi ratou rauemi keri ranei i kamupene o te kāwai tuatahi. Ko ētahi o ēnei, mo te tauira, ngā te rorohiko hinonga, ahumahi automotive, tipu te mana, me te pera i runga i.
3. kamupene Ratonga. I roto ia ratou - te pareparenga, hauora, whare mātauranga, kamupene whakatutuki, me te pera atu.

Hoki ia rōpū, ka taea e koe te tīpako i te ngā mahi hono ki te whakarato o ngā ratonga production putanga ranei. Ko ētahi o ēnei i te tukanga o:

1. Whakahaere. Ēnei tukanga taea ai kōrero i roto i te kamupene me te whai wāhi ki te hanganga o whanaunga te kamupene o ki ngä rerekē haere. Te whakamutunga, i roto i ngā, ngā te hi'opo'araa mana, kaituku, kiritaki. I roto i ngā te rōpū tukanga pakihi, hei tauira, tauhokohoko me hoko, pāhekoheko ki kiritaki, pūtea, kaimahi, te whakamahere pūtea, me te pera i runga i.
2. Tātaritanga me te mana. pā ana tēnei kāwai te ki te kohinga me te haaputuraa o ngā mōhiohio i runga i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi. I roto i ngā, ngā taua tukanga whakahaere whakahaere, mana kounga, aromatawai rārangi, me te pera atu.
3. Te hoahoa me te whanaketanga. E pā ana ēnei ngā mahi ki te kohinga me te faaineineraa o te raraunga raw, whakatinanatanga kaupapa, te aroturuki, me te tātaritanga o te hua.
4. Production. Tenei rōpū ngā nga ngā mahi e pā ana ki te hua tuku tonu. Ēnei ngā, tua atu i ëtahi, ngā whakaritenga whakamahere, me te kaha whakahaere, logistics me mahi.

E aunoa nuinga o enei tukanga inaianei.

rautaki

Me kï reira e te aunoatanga o tukanga whakaputa he matatini me te wā e kai ana. Hei whakatutuki i Me enei whāinga ki te kia arahina e te rautaki ngā. whakapiki i te reira i te kounga o te ngā mahi me te moni i runga i nga mahi o te hua e hiahiatia ana. O te faufaa ngā tenei ra he aunoatanga mātau o tukanga production i roto i engineering aunoa. Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te Mahere Rautaki e whai ake:

1. He mahara ki te mahi. kawea ki te aunoatanga o tukanga production i roto i engineering aunoa tetahi atu rāngai ōhanga ranei kua te pānga e hiahiatia ana, he mea e tika ana ki te tātari tino nga wāhanga katoa. I roto i ngā, te whakatau i te wāhi me te mahi putanga, he raupapa o ngā mahi, te hanganga o ngā rauemi, hononga ngatahi me pera atu.
2. whakangāwaritanga o te tukanga. I muri i te tātari oti ko reira e tika ana ki te arotau i te mahi. mahi faufaa e kore e e mahi ranei kore e whai uara nui, me te heke. kia ngā ētahi ngā mahi kia whakamana i roto i te whakarara ranei. Ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i te mahi mā te whakahere ara tetahi ki te mahia i te reira.
3. Automating te tukanga. Ka taea te mahi te reira anake ka e waiho te mahi te tango uta tino. Ka waiho nga ngā tukanga ohie, riro iti te aunoatanga mahi-kaha, me, fakatatau, teitei ka hei te tōtika o te tukanga.

painga

Mechanization me aunoatanga o ngā tukanga tino e taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua, me te whakahaere production. I roto i te tahi atu ngā painga kia whakahuatia ai:

1. Tere ake ngā mahi auau. Na roto i te whakaiti i te tohu o te whai wāhitanga o te tangata e tetahi, a taea te whakamana i te mahi taua tere. whakarato pūnaha aunoa tika nui, me te he taea ki te mahi ahakoa o te roanga o te neke.
2. Te whakapai ake i te kounga o te mahi. Na roto i te whakaiti i te tohu o te whai wāhi o te iwi heke te whakakorea te take tangata ranei. Tenei tino tauwhāiti te rerekētanga o ngā mahi, i roto i te tahuri ārai te rota o hapa, me te whakapai ake i te kounga me te pūmautanga o te mahi.
3. Te whakanui ake i te tika o te mana. Mā te hangarau mōhiohio taea ki te whakaora me te ki te tango i ki pūkete i roto i te heke mai i te nui nui o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mahi i te mana ā-.
4. Tere whakatau-hanga i roto i te āhuatanga paerewa. whakapai tenei mahi, me te ārai mahi ōritengakore te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
5. mahia whakarara o ngā mahi. tukua pūnaha aunoa ki te mahi ngā mahi maha i te wa ano ore e haafifi i tika, me te kounga o te mahi. Tenei tere ake te mahi, me te whakapiki i te kounga o ngā hua.

hapehape

Ahakoa nga hua kitea o te aunoatanga e taea e kore he reira whaihua tonu. Ko te aha i mua i titau tona whakatinanatanga te tātari whānui, me te arotautanga. I muri i taua, e taea reira kia kia kore e taua aunoatanga hiahiatia ranei he disadvantageous i roto i te tikanga ōhanga. mana ā-me te mahi o ngā tukanga e taea e atu pai i roto i te wā e whai ake nei:

1. He matatini rawa ki te whakaaunoa ratou hangarau ōhanga ranei Operations.
2. huringa ora Hua ko te tino poto. Ki te te hua, ko te ki te kia whakawhanakehia, ka whakatinanahia hoki te wa poto, ka e iti te roanga o tona noho i runga i te mākete. I roto i tenei take, kia kia tika te aunoatanga. ka waiho tere me iti utu te mahi ā-ringa.
3. hua kotahi ahurei ranei wātea. Hoki te hanga o tenei momo o whakaturia etahi tawhā me ngā whakaritenga. I roto i tenei take, ka taea e te take tangata i te mana pai i runga i te tukanga. Ka taea te tukua ētahi tūemi ahurei anake ki te whakamahi o te mahi ā-ringa.
4. huringa ohorere i roto i te tono mākete. Te huri i mahi kiritaki he pānga i runga i te hanga pukapuka. Ko te hanganga o te hanga i roto i taua āhuatanga, kia mau ai ki tere ki te e hangaia nga hua ki te whakamahi o te mahi ā-ringa.

mutunga

Ko kore Mechanization me aunoatanga o faufaa nui mo te rāngai production. I roto i te ao i teie mahana e whakamana iti ngā mahi ā-ringa. Heoi, e kore e taea te mahi i ara i tenei ra i roto i te tahi mau ahumahi kahore taua mahi. Ko te tino whai hua i roto i hinonga nui, te wahi e hangaia nga hua mo te kiritaki papatipu Aunoatanga. Hei tauira, i roto i te tau mōkito wheketere pereoo o te iwi whai wāhi i roto i te ngā mahi. Ko te kupu ahu ratou ki tokanga'i te ahunga whakamua o te tukanga, e kore whai wāhi tika i roto i reira. ao hou, o te ahumahi i tēnei wā he kaha rawa. Kei te whai whakaaro mai Aunoatanga o tukanga ahumahi me te production inaianei rite te ara whai hua tino ki te whakapai ake i te kounga hua, me te whakapiki ake i te rōrahi o tona tuku.