Mōhiti - he aha te mea te reira? Mōhiti i roto i ngā tamariki: te whānuitanga me te maimoatanga

E ai ki ngā tatauranga tata, kitea ngā mōhiti i roto i te 2% o ngā pakeke i roto i to tatou whenua, engari i roto i te tamariki, ko ahua rerekē te āhuatanga, rite kitea e tono auau ki te haumanu kanohi whakaurunga motuhake hauora ranei. E ai ki ngā tohunga, te nuinga o ngā mātua taitamariki kahore e mohio ko te aha kei ngā mōhiti i roto i ngā tamariki, a kahore he mōhio o ona tohu kore anake, engari ano hoki e pā ana ki te mau hopearaa taea. Na reira, kua whakatapua te whakahoki ki tēnei pātai, me te ki tuhinga o tenei ra.

He aha te mōhiti

Tenei māuiuitanga, e kiia nei ko te "mangere" kanohi, āhuatanga e te hekenga reversible i roto i te moemoea i roto i te kotahi kanohi e rua iti ranei. he tika ki ngā disorders mahi pērā i strabismus, māuiuitanga raro tenei pokonga kanohi. No te mea o tenei ohorere tuku, me te tika tirohanga o te whakapakoko. Ka rite ki te hua, kite tetahi pikitia rawa rerekē e rua hei utu o tetahi nuinga, kia e haamata te mahi kotahi kanohi o ki te kia tāmia me pae hopea tupuheke. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, ki te kore i te iti rawa kia kotahi okana e mahi i roto i te tangata, ka atrophy reira ki runga ki te wā. Ko te kupu, tīmata te maimoatanga e wawe, te tupono pai o te ora tonu o te tamaiti. Ko kei roto i te tikanga tenei.

momo o te mōhiti

Whakahoki i te pātai o te mōhiti - he aha te mea te reira, me mea te reira, e taea te raruraru te mate ki ētahi atu pathologies, e arahi hoki ki te hekenga i roto i acuity ataata. Na reira, ki te karo i tenei hapa, whakaaro nga momo o ngā mōhiti.

Wehe i ngā puka tuatahi, me te tuarua. Hoki tuatahi ngā:

1. mōhiti atatāhapa, e puta i roto i ngā tamariki ki te hekenga ako hapa atatāhapa. Tohatoha kotahi-iu, rua-taha, hangarite, me te asymmetrical.
2. mōhiti Strabismic. Ka rite ki taea e koe kua mana'o, e hāngai ana i runga i te mate ko te mate o te whakakitenga karurua, i whakapataritari he squint me te kore o te maimoatanga wā. Ka rite ki whakaatu mahi, faaite tenei māuiuitanga ake mārama ake i runga i te kanohi e squints.
3. mōhiti Mixed, faaite nei te e rua i roto i te puka o ngā puka atatāhapa me strabismic.
4. mōhiti hysterical. E tukupu ana o tenei take puta i roto i disorders o te pūnaha io pokapū. Nuinga o ngā wā, kia kia te take whētuki hinengaro.

kia mohio Mō ngā mōhiti tuarua e taea te take o tenei mate he māuiuitanga o te okana ataata, kua pai nei kua whakatau. Ko te mea o tenei i taea e kua tupu me te tiro kiriata.

Kei roto te reira i:

1. Mōhiti o te take kerekere e puta rite ki te hua o te mate okana ataata, ārai te ahua o whakapakoko i runga i te etine. I roto i te mau faaiteraa tino noa taratahi awhiowhio wai congenital riro ranei. O te puka kerekere kia kitea reira rite tetahi kanohi e rua ranei.
2. mōhiti Neurogenic. pea te take te mate o te karere whatu. E whakaritea Kēhi o ora oti i tenei ra. Me kï reira e te maimoatanga o tenei mate haamata i muri i te pokanga.
3. Makulopaticheskuyu. Kei te hiki te reira i muri i te whakawhanake i mate o te wāhi tuaroa pokapū, me te paracentral.
4. mōhiti Nystagmic. Ka karanga i te whakaiti wā wa o to koutou noho i roto i te ahua o te rohe tuaroa pokapū.
5. mōhiti ngā. faaite te reira i huinga o nga puka i runga ake.

Strabismus i roto i ngā mōhiti

Otiia ki te momo katoa o take o ngā mōhiti, kaha i roto ia ratou squint tonu. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, neke tahi uaua noa kanohi, ko te kupu whakarite i te mahi noa o te tinana. Otiia i roto i te hui o te arā o te iti rawa kia kotahi uaua i reira ko te raruraru ki te whakahaere o te kaupapa, kei te whakawhanake i te squint, i muri nei i te kanohi ngā mōhiti me te reira. Na, ka taea e tatou te mea e strabismus me ngā mōhiti - e rua taha o te moni kotahi.

O nga take tino noa e arahi ki te vaivai o te uaua, tuku:

1. Hyperopia.
2. Maumaui i roto i te konä.
3. Tūkino ki te kanohi.

tohutanga

Ko te tohu tino noa o tenei mate ngā:

1. Whakaero i roto i te acuity ataata i roto i te kotahi ranei e rua kanohi.
2. whanoke auau e pā ana ki perception rawakore o ngā toru-ahu.
3. Fifi i roto i te whakangungu.
4. Ine o te kanohi i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga i te aronga o te mata.

tātaringa

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, te whakahoki ki te pātai o te mōhiti - he aha te mea te reira, a ka kia oti rawa ki tenei tuhinga. Na kia whiwhi a ki te kōrero o te diagnostivanii tenei mate. Na, mahi tamariki tikanga rerekē.

Viziometriya

Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te tau katoa te tamaiti he Unuhia motuhake o te acuity ataata. Engari kia mahi tākuta ki te tautuhi i te acuity ataata rawa, kahore te ako me te whakatikatikanga. Ko te āhuatanga motuhake o te viziometrii i roto i ngā tamariki ngā:

1. Whakamārama i mua i te whakamātautau, ahakoa he maheni ki pikitia e kua whakaaturia i roto i te tepu i te tamaiti.
2. Rūri ki tamaiti nahvalivaniyami tamau ki te whakahoki kupu tika ia.
3. I roto i te tāutu i te taumata i raro o te acuity ataata tūtohutia te ki faahiti te rangahau i roto i te torutoru ra, a kia tīmata koe ki taua kanohi, i whakakitea te kino hua.

He āhuatanga nui o te rangahau, ko te mātakitaki tupato o te tamaiti ki te whāinga, ki te pupuri i te reira i te hihiwa ana taea.

refractometry

Ko te taea ki te whakaatu i te reira, i reira he mōhiti i roto i ngā tamariki e kore ranei. Puta i te reira i taua āta whakamahi i te refractometer keratofraktometra ranei. He wāhi nui i roto i te whakahaere i te tamaiti tātaritanga kei te tākaro i te whakanohonga tika o te pūrere. kia whanau te reira i roto i te ngakau kia paku rerekē i te muri nga tawhā mea tuatahi, na tūtohutia te tātaritanga te ki te kawe i roto i hia e rave rahi mau taime ki te whakaū i te tātaritanga o "kanohi mōhiti."

nekehanga

Ki te rā, tākuta ko nga nekehanga e whai ake o ngā mōhiti:

1. whānuitanga Tino iti - ataata 0.8-0.9 acuity.
2. Iti - 0.5-0.7.
3. Mōhiti āhua - 0.3-0.4.
4. High - 0.05-0.2.
5. Tino nui - acuity raro 0.05.

tino te nuinga o te wā ngā mōhiti tahi e te waimaerotanga o te kite karurua.

Mōhiti i roto i ngā tamariki: Treatment

A, no te te tātaritanga o "ngā mōhiti", ka taea e te maimoatanga hei rua momo, me te whakahaere.

Nui! Ko te tohu o te acuity ataata i muri i te pokanga vliyaeyut tohu ngā mōhiti.

Na, he aha ki te mahi, ki te pāngia ki ngā mōhiti i roto i ngā tamariki? te tikanga ka tīmata Treatment ki te occlusion, ako whatu me te therapy penalization ataata.

ako whatu

A, no te Tātaritia he tamaiti mo ngā mōhiti, haere tahi nei i ametropia, he huru hoki maimoatanga angitu ko te whakarite o te mōhiti kākahu pumau arotahi ranei. kia whai aro i roto i te aroaro o nga nekehanga tiketike o te hapa atatāhapa kia hoatu te kōwhiringa o ngā arotahi-kounga tiketike, aspherical e minaminatia, mai i enei arotahi e tino whai hua rohe whatu, i te mea nui i roto i te maimoatanga o te mōhiti.

Ko te whakamahi o te occlusion

Mā te occlusion Ko e tawhiti te paerewa i roto i te rongoa ao. Occlusion ko:

1. Direct (tikanga katia ka kitenga kanohi).
2. Reverse (ka katia te kanohi e, i roto i te mea iti iho acuity ataata).
3. Tauutuutu (katinga kē kanohi).

Ka taea e te wā kia:

1. Tamau.
2. Motunga.
3. Mōkito.

Ko te parau tumu whakahaere o tenei tikanga, ko te ki te whakarei ake i te taumahinga o kino kanohi titiro i te mahi o te kanohi hauora anake. Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, he tino raro atu pakeke te whai huatanga o tenei tikanga i roto i ngā tamariki i raro i te 6 tau o tau. he tika ki te tahi mau fifi e pā ana ki te whānuitanga nui ki te take hinengaro tenei.

He huānga nui mō te maimoatanga angitu ko te ako o te warea o rereke.

Engari ka whakahua i te tika e pā ana ki ētahi āhuatanga kino e taea arahi ki te tikanga o te occlusion. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. E tukupu ana o te tirohanga i runga i te kanohi hauora. tupu tenei te tikanga e tika ana ki te mahue noa i runga i te wahi o e rua ngā mātua me kaiwhakaako.
2. Ko te whanaketanga whakapakari o te strabismus ranei.
3. Diplopia (rua kite o ngā).
4. Raruraru ki te kiri.
5. Various mate pāwera.

E tano ia tapao e tetahi o nga take matua o te kore i roto i te maimoatanga i occlusion huaina paruparu tamariki ratou i roto i te mau roa takai.

penalization

Penalization Ko te tikanga o te maimoatanga o tenei mate, hanga nei ka horihori Anisometropia te whakamahi i ngā ngā me te ako whatu o te tahi (e te tākuta) mo te tono o te atropine kanohi i roto i nei te ōrau o runga ake. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi o te atropine ko ki te waihanga i tētahi blurring i roto i te kanohi hauora i muri instillation, ai whakahohe te mahi te kanohi, e kite i te kino. Tenei tikanga, i roto i te rerekē ki te occlusion, e tika ana ake mō ngā tamariki, me te nui atu whai hua.

Otiia e kore e wareware e hoki reira he āhuatanga kino. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

1. Ko te ahua o te whero i runga i te kiri.
2. Ritenga i roto i te kanohi.
3. pāhoahoa toutou.
4. whāomo o.

Whakamahia tenei tikanga i roto i te take o te ātete occlusion. fakatahai te reira i tikanga e hāngai ana ki te whakaora i te whakapai ake i te hopu me te nekehanga o te 'Afio, te tirohanga i roto i te wāhi o te whare noho ranei. Hoki tenei whakaaro, whakaaro motuhake, kia whakamahia ai hei tauira sinoptofor. Ko tētahi o nga painga o tenei tikanga whakaaro te ki te waiho i te whakaiti nui i roto i te wā maimoatanga ki taumata feunga nui o acuity ataata.

Treatment o ngā mōhiti me te strabismus

Ka rite ki whakahuatia mua, e taea te tīmata maimoatanga o ngā mōhiti i muri anake i te whakakorenga o tona take. A ki te whakawhanakehia ngā mōhiti ki te papamuri o strabismus, tuatahi matou te whakakore i te reira. I reira, i reira e rave rahi kōwhiringa maimoatanga mō tenei māuiuitanga. Ko tikanga whakahaere, me te whakaora:

1. Pleoptika. Treatment Ko ki whakakaha te kawenga i runga i te kanohi e squints. Hei whakatutuki i tenei pānga te whakamahia rite te hōtaka taiaho me PC motuhake.
2. Orthoptics. I roto i tenei take, ki te whakaaro Faitatau ko me te pūmanawa PC hangaia whakahokia kite, me te whakakore i strabismus.
3. Diploptika. Fakafoki o whakakitenga i roto i te kāinga.
4. Whakamahia mahi motuhake e hāngai ana te whakapai ake i te mahi o nga uaua kanohi.

He mea nui ki te ite i te meka e kore e te squint haere ki tau rite etahi hape whakapono. Ano, ki te kore e whakaora i te reira i roto i te wā, ka taea e arahi i te reira ki hopearaa rawa fifi. Kia mahara e te tau mōrahi i ai maimoatanga he strabismus he pānga pai - 25 tau.

Kāinga Treatment

Tinihanga ngā tenei mate i roto i te meka e ka reira he iti uaua i roto i tona maimoatanga o relapses taea. Ko reira reira tino nui ki te kītaki ko te matua, ka rite ki te mea maha pāngia te tamaiti i te mōhiti, e kore e matau he aha te tikanga o te reira ki te kite pai, kia rite ki te mea e wātea ana te taumata o reira te mea te täkupu. Na reira, ko te mea e tika ana ki te ngā maimoatanga i roto i te tiaki hauora me te maimoatanga o te mōhiti i roto i te kāinga. I muri i te katoa, anake te mahi tahi o te whānau katoa e taea te kawe mai i te hua roa tatari, ka hiahiatia rite kitenga pai. A ki te āwhina i roto i tenei hōtaka motuhake mō te maimoatanga o ngā mōhiti i roto i te kāinga. Ahakoa tīpakohia ia hōtaka, me te takitahi i te rata, engari i reira e te tahi mau mahi e te hunga e tika ana mō te katoa.

Faaohipa rama hiko ki

Ki te tango i tenei te pepa pango mātotoru o te pepa, me te mana umanga ki 80 W. Next, tapahia he porohita o te pepa diameter 8 mm me te amuiraa i te reira ki te umanga. I muri i taua, kia kati te tamaiti te kanohi e kite pai, me hoki ki te 30 hēkona titiro i te rama, a ka i runga i te pepa ma wātea o te pepa, mauherea-mua i runga i te taiepa. Kite hiahia ana koe puta he pikitia whakatara i runga i te pepa. kia korerotia mahi i roto i 1-2 marama, e rave rahi taime i te ra.

Mahinga ki kuputuhi

Katia te tamaiti pai titiro takai kanohi. Tangohia nga ringa rite i mua momo iti, a kawea ana e ia ki te mata tuarua ki te tawhiti mōrahi i e taea te tamaiti te pānui i te reira. I muri i taua, timata tatou ki te pana āta te kuputuhi ki te wāhi tae noa ki riro te reira uaua ki te pānui i. A tapiti faahou i tenei mahi e rave rahi taime.

Faaohipa rama hiko, me te kaha teitei

Kōwhiria he rama ki te kaha o te pepa atu mātotoru me te pango. i reira Cut pōtae ki te poka (6 mm diameter) i roto i te pokapū, ka hoatu ki runga ki taua mea i te rama. Muri kati te plenochkoj te whakatuwheratanga whero. Kuhua te rama i te tawhiti o te iti rawa 40 cm atu i te tamaiti, me te tahuri i te reira. mahi o te tamaiti, ko te ki te 3 meneti, i waho te rorona o nga mea katoa, titiro i te rama, a ka whai nga matua i ia 3 hēkona, te pana rama i runga i a atu.

Mā te whakamahi i te flash

Ka Me koe te kāmera ki te flash me te wahi o te pepa i runga i e taea e koe te utu pikitia pukapuka ranei. Ko te tukanga ko e whai ake: kawea hoki te taumata kanohi o te tamaiti te flash (i te tawhiti o te kore iti iho i te 50 cm), ka whakamana te raupapa o pāhūhū (10). I muri i ia tamaiti kua ki te titiro i te whārangi o te pepa, me te ngana ki te matau i reira te mea i tuhituhia (he wahi o te pepa whakanohoia i roto i te rua ranei mita). maha Taunakitia o haapiiraa ia ra ki runga ki te 3 ngā wā mo te katoa - ki runga ki te 2 marama.

Pai-kï ringa pai kēmu e rapua e pū ranei.

He tohutohu torutoru

I roto i te tikanga ki te karo ia ki te rapu he kupu whakahoki ki te pātai o te mōhiti - he aha te mea te reira, me piri koe ki te ture e whai ake nei:

1. Te mahi whakamātautau ārai wā i te ophthalmologist.
2. I roto i te tāutu i te tamaiti noa te tohu iti o te hiahia squint i te iti rawa ki te whakaū i turaki i te tātaritanga i te mahi i te rangahau e tika ana i roto i te whare hauora ophthalmic te institution motuhake hauora ranei ranei.
3. Kaua e whakapataritari i te whanaketanga o taonga tākaro Pakeke strabismus ngā kanapa tata reira ranei.
4. Whakarato i kai tōtika tamaiti me ki te karo i ngā āhuatanga taumaha.
5. Tonu rave i roto i te whaiaro whanaketanga-o tona.
6. A, no te nga tohu tuatahi o te raruraru kitenga whakapā tonu te mātanga.

Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, ko te waitohunga o te mōhiti pai ka timata wa maimoatanga, engari i konei ko reira nui te whai ake:

1. hanganga ture tino ki a whakatinanatanga o nga taunakitanga katoa o te rata haere.
2. Momo o ngā mōhiti.
3. kanohi Wāhi.
4. acuity ataata tuatahi.
5. Ko te tau o te kāwai manawanui.
6. Methods o te maimoatanga.

Ko te mea matua ko te ki te mahara, ki te whakaturia koe te whāinga, me te haere hoki taua mea, kahore he mea e taea i roto i te ao. Ko kia reira kia tuhia e taea manawanui undertreated i roto i te heke mai kanohi mate katoa o te kite. Na reira, e tūtohu ana ki te ārai i te whanaketanga o tenei mate, ki te mohio i roto i mua i te whakahoki ki te pātai: "? Ngā mōhiti - he aha te mea te reira"