Moscow, taonga-e kikī: whakaahuatanga, photo

mana'o neki ite e ia, ina tae mai te reira ki te wahi o waho ake. Manors, whenua me pāka ...

Muri i roto i te hītori Russian

I runga i te ringa kotahi - ko tenei te wahi, tata me hohonu hono ki te hītori me te ora toi, he ora Russian tūturu me ngā tikanga, me ki tetahi - he ohorere, me te pouri i te āhua o maha wahi fakangalongata'a.
hītori Russian me te wairua Russian - te ariā, i roto i te whānui, he rerekē, engari i ētahi wā he ratou pera whakairo toaati maite e kore he taea kahore tetahi wae ki tino matau te tahi atu, a, na reira, ki te whakahoki i te pātai: he aha, i roto i te meka, he reira, iwi Russian?

Kohua, me te rokiroki o te ahurea Russian i roto i nga wahi o waho ake

E kikī - he wahi tae mai nga tuarua. Ko nga ingoa o etahi whenua tāone me manors runga rongo i te iwi whānui: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy me etahi atu. Ko te pono tenei, no te mea i roto i 17-19 senituli. whenua rangatira ko te ahua o te tītohunga ahurea-hītori, me nga pa, me nga pa, monasteries, kainga, kainga, cathedrals me hahi.
titau tumu kōrero e na te mutunga o te rau tau 19. i roto i Russia, i reira i i te 50 ki te 100 mano. manors me taonga. Noatia, te mahi o te ora pāpori, ōhanga, toi, me te auaha, me te e kikī hītori tata Moscow kua hono rawa tata.
Na ko te mea o te whenua e tata ana Moscow ki te whakapaipai i te ringa, ka, o te akoranga, te pai kaituhi Russian, kaitito, kaitoi, unuhia ana kaitito faaururaa, mahi, me te kitea hākinakina i roto i ngā wāhi e pā ana ki te taiao.
Na pea kahore he kaihanga taua Russian me whakaaro 18-19 cc., Ka te whakarau o te ora e kore e kia hono ki te whenua whenua Russian.
Na taua iho o toi Russian, rite te hoahoanga Pan, ahurea māra whenua me te hoahoanga, hoahoa whenua ona pakiaka haere hoki ki te wahi o waho ake, te whenua me te āhua o e ratou āta tiaki.
Kia tino ki te whakamahara koe i whai pānga hoki te tuku iho o te manuhiri Russian akomanga kai Russian i hopu, kohikohi o ngā pukapuka onge, me te kohikohi mahi o toi ki te gentry u me te ahurea kiritaki.

timata tatou ki te faaineine i

I roto i te rohe 100-kiromita i Ring taea tatau e pā ana ki 200 whenua me nohonga. Na roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. i roto i Moscow i reira nga e pā ana ki te 1,000 o ratou he i roto i to ratou ake fakangalongata'a me tika o te aro, ko te hunga e koutou nga wahi toronga o te moni kia i te iti rawa i te iti rite taua nga wa.
Ki te taea te mea whakaaro ki te kaupapa e te mea e hiahia ana koe ki te haere ki te wahi o waho ake tino ataahua o te whenua mo te painga Me hoki ki te ake i runga i ngā mōhiohio whānui:

• e pā ana ki te wāhi, tawhiti, me te ara (lēlué, tereina, pahi, motokā);
• e pā ana ki te āhuatanga ( "singularity") wāhi: State Museum-Rahui, te whare-pupuri taonga, wāhi tari, hanganga ohie, e pā ana ki te hītori, tuhituhinga, peita, hoahoanga;
• ki te whai pānga te wahi e ki te whakaatu taonga e kia pai ki te mohio e pā ana ki utu titeti, mahi haora me nga wahi o hākinakina me te kai. He pea kōwhiringa ina no te whare taonga, e tata ana whenua Moscow ki kahore tari kotahi, me he uaua te tomokanga, engari, kia rite ki te mea ratou haere kaingākau, tonu "i reira te vai he poka i roto i te taiepa muri", ka haere i reira tonu taea e koe;
• kaha taiao ine pānga me ona ake whāinga: he faafaaearaa i roto i te wahi ataahua, tuhituhi, kōrero o mua, hoahoanga me te toi mana'o, me ētahi atu

Tenei "arotahi" ki te āwhina i whakaora wa, me te whiwhi pai tūturu i toro wahi ngā.

pae hītori

Ko tētahi o nga whakarerenga iho teitei o te hapori Russian i te wa o Pita ko te takoha o whenua me nga kainga mo te mahi pono. E me te he maha whenua rangatira i roto i nga wahi o waho ake, hei tauira, e kikī ana Glinka, homai e Pita v, rite te kainga e tata ana Moscow, tona tuarua Hakopa Bruce, hoia me te Statesman, kaiputaiao me te takawaenga. I muri i tūranga, mahi Bruce hanganga, ngā pūtaiao, me te ara roaa te rongo rite "te Mage me ruānuku."
History o whenua o Glinka - ko te tauira o te hītori o te wa o Pita, pūtaiao hōia Russian, morare o te hapori Russian 17-18 tenetere.
Ki te whakarārangi tika koe i te whika hītori pai-mohiotia, ka puritia e ratou i roto i nga wahi o waho ake o te whenua, he mīharo te rārangi:

• Serednikovo - matua Stolypin. mahara Just Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, te reforomatio Russian o te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. I mua i pā ana Serednikovo ki pehe tamarikitanga M. Yu. Lermontova. I muri i konei i reira kua Chaliapin me Rachmaninoff. I teie mahana Serednikovo - rawa "cinematic" whenua e tata ana Moscow, ki te kinogorodom ngā, tae atu Ingarangi tirohanga 18 i roto i;.

• Kōrero - hoatu ruku noa hohonu ki te kōrero. ka karanga hītori kōrero tuu noho i reira Dmitry Donskoy tona teneti, haere ki te whawhai ki a Mamai (Kulikovo mara);
• Gorky (Lenin) - i tenei ra i te whare taonga e pā ana ki te ora o Lenin. "Miramira" te whakaatu taonga ko te motokā "Rolls-Royce", i kawea Vladimira Ilicha. Ko ata whakairohia, te whakahua tuatahi o te kikī rā hoki ki te rau tau 16., Ka nga wanihi o whare ora taua i 18-19 tenetere.

Ko e mo'oni, e whakahua i te hītori katoa taonga-whenua i roto i Moscow , me te rohe Moscow reira he kahore ara, engari ka taea e kitea i nga wa katoa e koe ngā mōhiohio. Na taa, te kōrero maha tata tapahi haere ki ngā kaupapa tuhituhi, me te toi.

wahi paki

i homai nui Vyazomy Pita Ι Prince Golitsyn "mo te whakaoranga o te kuao kingi i roto i te musketeers ngangau." I tua atu, kei te tata hono reira ki te ora Borisa Godunova, Paora v, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, Tolstoy.
Ko tino nui - he kāinga ki te whiti Pushkin Vyazomy: konei pau ia tona tamarikitanga, te wahi ka ia maheni ki te ataahua o te whenua Russian, rongo ia waiata iwi, ako te ora me ngā tikanga o te rangatira Russian me nga peasants Russian.
Here i whanau matou nga fakatupu whiti tuatahi o Pushkin, a konei ko ia i roto i te wā uaua o tona ora. Noho i roto i tenei wahi, me te kōrero: karanga Golitsyn ngā tāngata whenua whare te "Whare o te Kuini o Hāwara," a ka taea e koe te ako i te tahi mea e pā ana ki o Princess Galitzine, te ahua kōaro o te Tuhinga tawhito ki te mea ngaro o te kāri e toru te whakarau.
Ko reira kahore tāpiritanga Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Rahui, i konei i Mahuru ki April he ahiahi me konohete waiata. Ka rite ki nga wahi Pushkin tata Vyazomami he reira e tika ana ki te whakahua i Zakharov.
I te tahi atu wahi tuhituhi, me te whiti:

• Muranovo - angamaheni "kohanga pai" o e to tatou he whakaaro o ngā pukapuka me kiriata e pā ana ki te Russian rautau 19. Ko te whiria, o whanau me o maha ingoa tuhituhi rongonui te whakarau: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Otiia e whai reira whakarau, ko Muranovo hapu pūranga o te rohi pehe Fodora Tyutcheva e, a pera reira ka he whare taonga i roto i tona ingoa;
• Melikhovo - Literary me Memorial Museum A. P. Chehova. Ko te whare taonga he neke atu i te 20 mano pikitia o toi, tae atu Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Hoa o te kaituhituhi.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - takoha kingi tuatahi Russian (i muri i distemper nui) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (tupuna hoa Dmitriya Donskogo) i 16. I muri mai, i roto i te rau tau 18., Te whenua puritia e te rangatira-Crimean Dolgoruky. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 20. kua meinga te wahi i te "ohanga tuhituhi" kaitito Symbolist Russian. Trees i roto i te papa tawhito mahara Bryusov, K. Balmont ko A. White;
• Peredelkino - tino tika nga kupu motuhake. Ko te "pa o kaituhi", e pā ana ki te ingoa o maha kaituhi Soviet me Russian nui me kaitito tenei. I teie mahana, i roto i Peredelkino ko te whare-whare taonga o Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, taonga-ara Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Tata te kainga ko te hahi Kaiwhakaora Faahuru me Pūhui patereareha - te noho o te Patereareha o Moscow me katoa Russia Kirill.

Mō hoahoanga Russian

Architecture noho he wahi nui i roto i te hoahoanga hahi Russian. E kore e haere hohonu ki tenei rohe, ko reira ia tapao e te hahi Russian angamaheni tonu mōhiotia i te āhua o te kikorangi, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) whare.
A mai i te papa rēhia angamaheni me whenua Moscow 17-19 tenetere. tika ngā i te hahi, ko reira rawa ngā kia kite me te aro mātai e pēhea i hanga nga hahi. O te akoranga, ki te kēnana me te "huru Russian" mau tonu i te kāhua. Ko te rerekētanga atu ngā:

• i roto i Dubrovitsy, ka taea e kite koe i te "Baroque" te nuinga (i te Baroque) hahi e tata ana Moscow. I roto i te kāhua taua i hanga ai, me te whare, engari i muri i toe langa ai i roto i te wairua o te Classicism;

• Bykov - i roto i te hanga o te 2-papa rau tau 18 hahi. tae ia te rongonui kaihoahoa Russian Vasily Bazhenov ki ana akonga. I roto i te kāhua taua o te hoahoanga Masonic ka hanga te whare kikī ana. Motuhake hangaia pourewa pere (tämän architect) me ara tukutuku pāka roto, me te hanga i maha tūāhua fakangalongata'a, ngā i roto i te wā raumati-ngahuru;
• Bratsevo - fare i roto i te pa, te wahi i reira he he park Ingarihi. Ka taea e tīmata koe ki te toro whare Moscow: te kikī Countess Stroganov Palace, Ekalesia o te inoi, kite whare 2 me 5 piriti e kikī quinta ki te hopu i te ataahua me te wairua o nga whenua tapa tāone me taonga. A reira ka waiho reira māmā ki te haere ki te haere i runga i te rohe Moscow.

Tuhinga ka Russian toi

Tuhinga (Tuhinga o Pūtaiao me te Art) whanau i roto i Russia i te rau tau 18. ka tae tino pokea ana i roto i waenganui i te rau tau 19. Ko te whenua whenua me whare o te pa ka huihui kohinga faahiahia o te toi Pākehā Russian, me te Western, he kohinga o ngā pukapuka onge.
Na reira, maha nga nohonga i me whare o te rohe Moscow mohiotia mo te tangata, tauhou, ahakoa, rite tonu, i roto i te hītori kahore he unambiguous, me i reira e maha pekanga.
I roto i te Abramtsevo tiaki whare kikī ana kotahi-papa o te rau tau 18., Nei ko te tauira o te hoahoanga rakau Russian. Rangatira o Abramtsevo ko te kaituhi Aksakov ( "Te Scarlet Flower"), i tae mai e ona hoa - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

A, no te i roto i te hawhe 2 o te rau tau 19. rangatira o te whenua ko te industrialist me philanthropist S. Morozov, kei te kaha te mahi toi M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. I I konei whanau te reira "porohita Abramtsevo" - te toi-auaha Union, whāinga ki te whanaketanga o te toi motu Russian.
I muri i te revolution i roto i 1917 i haere tonu tenei iho e ahau Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. ngā teie mahana Abramtsevo taonga whakaaturanga o neke atu i te 25 mano whakaaturanga :. Painting, tuhi, whakairo, mahi o whakapaipai, me te iwi toi.

Etahi, pea te nuinga, te nuinga ...

Hoki e tika o te whakahua ko te whenua e tata ana Moscow, tuwhera ki te iwi whānui:

1. Arkhangelsk - tetahi o te torutoru whenua tiaki i te pito o te rau tau 18, tae atu ki te ensemble hoahoanga me te pāka i roto i te kāhua puāwaitanga .. Na nga kohikohinga toi o nga rangatira o mua Odoevskogo Golitsyn, ka Yusupov te pūtake o te whakaaturanga taonga taonga;
2. Kuskovo - e kikī Sheremetev Counts. Palace tiaki, whare Italian, whare Tatimana, grotto. I runga i te whenua kei te te State Museum o Ceramics;

3. Poro - he wahi e pā ana ki te tau whakamutunga o te ora o te kaitito Tchaikovsky. I teie mahana, te whare-whare taonga i konei, e Mā te huru o te auahatanga, te ora me te ora o te kaiwhakatangitangi nui.

Mō pouri ... (engari e kore e anake)

He maha whenua me whenua i roto i te āhua o te whakangaromanga. Ko te take i whakarerea Moscow whenua i to ratou ake wahi - ngaro o nga tangata, nga rangatira o te kore o moni, te whakamahi o te whare mo te tahi atu mau opuaraa.
tirohanga mataara, me te hītori i runga i te take e mea ana:

1. E haere te ora me te whenua matomato me nohonga, me te rau tau 19.
2. puta ngā whakapōrearea rawa i roto i te ora o Russia i te rau tau 20., E hohoro konei kia timata ki te hanga i nga mea katoa e hono e te ki te mua hītori.
3. Ko reira ko te matauranga e ko te mua, e ti'a ia tatou ia matau me e me tiaki, e te tikanga e ka whakatutuki wawe ranei i muri mai i te whakaaurakitanga me te whakahokinga mai, me te e kikī o waho ake whakarerea e oranga ngakau ia tatou ki tona ataahua tenei.

Na ka:

• Dugino - wahi e pā ana ki te mutunga o te kaitoi 19 i roto i. . - wawe senituli hono 20, a inaianei huihui noa, i taea e te whare taonga toi;
• Marfino - huihui hōia mua, ki atu tiaki griffins terapimi, he harotoroto, a ka tahuri ki te wahi ataahua te papa;
• Heoi, Bykov - ka mutu ki āta tupuheke.

rohe Information i roto i te wahi o waho ake

Mōhiohio e pā ana te whenua e tata ana Moscow, tuwhera ki te iwi whānui, he rota. Ko reira e wātea ana nuitia, a taea kitea e koe ngā taipitopito o te āhua rerekē o te whenua, whare, hahi, he park ataahua, a ko te kupu ite i te wahi fakatāutaha e pā ana ki tetahi ngā kaupapa hītori, me te tuhituhi, me te toi. I roto i tenei whakaaro, he noa rangahau kaihoahoa faufaa rahi Natalia Bondareva. taea ona mahi e kitea he whakaahuatanga o tata 300 whenua, ma nga, hahi o Moscow, Moscow rohe me ngā wāhi e karapoti ana.
Natalia Bondarev i mahi tenei mahi mai 1996, a, kahore i ruarua te, tika ia he kupu o te whakawhetai, me te maioha mō te mea ia e hoki uri nāianei, me te heke mai, te whakaahua Moscow whenua, e tuu te whakaahua i roto i te rohe whānui. Ka taea e te tangata te whakapai ake i to ratou matauranga i roto i tenei rohe.
Ko he mea nui kia kore e anake pera iwi i tenei ra, a konei, te ara i roto i te mua, a roto i te reira - e kore e tutakina i te heke mai.