Nezadymlyaemye aramuka (H1, H2, H3) me te arawhata ahi mawhiti

E kore e te taumata hou o te ahunga whakamua pūtaiao, me te hangarau pā te oraraa o te meka i kua i te ahi mō ngā mano o nga tau, kua me noho tonu tetahi o nga hoariri tino kino o te nohoanga tangata.

Ahakoa te introduction whānui o ture e tuhituhia te whakamahi mō te whakapaipai roto anake rauemi kore-combustible, he tatauranga inexorable: te iwi whare i tenei ra he i kore tikanga ārai.

E mea pinepine, anake te mea e mau ana i roto i te hui o te ahi nga noho ko ki te rere, e ko te ki kia whakatahia. Ko te ara haumaru ki whakatahi i te whare nui-ara - mawhiti arawhata ahi.

Ati ki te iwi i roto i te take o te ahi, ko te kore noa i te ahi. Dangerous paowa hoki. Ko te hoariri tino nanakia he kitea - te waro haukura. e kore e taea e te tangata kite ona pānga (i roto i te rerekē ki te tikanga tahunga, te waro haukura kua kahore haunga te tae ranei). paihana te waro haukura āhuatanga e whanaketanga tere. I muri i te meneti torutoru kia ngaro te pärurenga mahara, ka he te reira tata kahore tupono o mawhiti.

Na reira, i roto i ia whare tika hei huru faufaa o te ora noho i roto i te ahi e rite rawa stairwells nezadymlyaemye. He aha ngā momo nezadymlyaemyh arawhata me stairwells?

Arawhata - he konga mahu'inga o whare

Ko te e'a ko te wāhi o ngā whare maha-papa. hanga tikanga rerekē te taviniraa no te patunga karere me kaupae hōneatanga, t. E. Nezadymlyaemye.

Ko te aroaro o te muri, ko te huru faufaa hoki i whakaratohia e te hōneatanga o iwi i te ahi. Hoki te maha o whare e fakahā atu ai e te Katikati, na kia mohio ki te whakarato mō ngā kaihoahoa i te hanga o te hanganga kaupapa.

pikitanga ohorere: whakarite

tika me arawhata hōneatanga kia reira i roto i te whare nui-ara. Ka āta whakarite tēnei hoahoa i te haumaru o ngā kainoho i roto i te ahi ranei, i roto i te take o te tahi atu ohorere. Ko te kaupapa ki etahi paerewa ki te faatura ki to ratou rahi, whirihoranga me te wāhi Construction o arawhata whawhati tata i roto i ngā momo o whare. Ahakoa o te momo o tauira, te taputapu o enei hanganga - te whakarite i te putanga haumaru o te iwi i te whare i roto i te take o te hiahia.

Nga kaimahi, kaimahi me ngā manuhiri pūtahi te whakamahi i te arawhata i hōneatanga e taea te waiho i te whare, kahore te ati ki te ora, me te hauora. hangaia Emergency putanga e ki te tiaki ia ratou i te ahi, me te paowa. He mea tino nui ki te whakarite ngāwari te āhei ki reira katoa i roto i te whare.

Ka taea te whakamahi arawhata hōneatanga hei putanga kē i te whare. he pono hoki tipu e kore e e whai i te tomokanga motuhake hoki tenei. ture haumaru ahi rāhuitia e te mahi o whare i runga e toru papa, e kore e rite rawa ki te putanga stair.

tauwāhi

E utaina whakaritenga motuhake i runga i te wahi o te wāhi o te arawhata hōneatanga. Tikanga, ratou whakanohonga i te hoki o te hoahoa whare tūmatanui te mutunga ranei, ki te te whakaritea tuwhera putanga.

Ki te ki te whakaritenga whakaarohia o te putanga whawhati tata i roto i te whare, mo te arawhata tohatoha i te ruma motuhake aroa ranei. Ko te tika tenei ki te whakarite i roto i te take o te ahi ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te iwi, me te ki te ārai e maha te poraka heke te putanga anake taea i te whare.

Me whakaratohia tēnei ruma ki te tatau ātete ahi, i te mea nehenehe hoki i te iti rawa 1 chasa pehi mura. He mea nui ki te āta whakarite i te taatiraa o hononga, me te tango tere o te paowa.

Me rite rawa ia papa ki te uru ki te haapa'o. Tei te whanui i runga i te rahi me te irava wāhanga. whakarato Semi-tauira te wāhi o te pae i roto i te ruma, te tatau o e arata'i ki te pikitanga i waho. Ko te kōwhiringa pai mō te wā i reira e kore e taea ki te whakaoti i te noho wehe o te wahi o te paowa tenei.

Hoki tuwhera momo waho ture motuhake: tawhiti i te mata o te arawhata, me te taiepa kia 100 cm te whakaiti i tenei te mōrea o te kătahi o ahi i runga i te putanga whawhati tata, me te ārai whakawera o te hanganga, me te tiaki i te puringa ..

rauemi

Mai i te tikanga tenei hanganga te mo te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere, tae atu ki ngā ahi, whakaritenga motuhake e tika ana ki te kōwhiringa whakamahia hoki ona rauemi hanga. Ko te huru matua ko ki te whakarite i te kaha me te ahi ātete o te pikitanga. Na reira, nga rauemi tino rongonui pērā i te raima, me te whakarewa.

Whakamahi o rauemi e he pūkākā, hu'ahu'a emit matū paitini ka wera ranei, kei te tino rāhuitia.

Katikati ko GOST

E whakaritea paerewa Paerewa GOST ko Katikati, e tāuta momo katoa o pikitanga. Ratou āwangawanga me te hōneatanga tauira.

• He pikitanga piki hōneatanga paerewa ko e i ai te ōwehenga o te uara o te roa, me te teitei whanganga ko 2: 1.
• 1 ki te Maehe whakaaetia te aroaro o 3-18 nekehanga. 2-Fakatolonga e kore e ratou tau nui 16 wae.
• Me mahi i te whanui o te takahi ki te whakarite i te whakamarie o kaupapa, te rahi tino pai - 24-29 cm.
• Ko te teitei taahiraa ko te nuinga 20-22 cm.
• whakaratohia te whanui o te pikitanga ko taua whakaritenga, i roto i nei i te wa ano e koni mai mo te 2 iwi. Ko te uara tika i raro ko - whakaaetia 1 m te ki te whakaiti i nga āhuatanga o nga hanganga waho o runga ki te 70 cm ..
• Papa tākaro i waenganui i te rahi taahi kia hāngai ki te whanui o te pikitanga, me te putanga ki runga i te reira.
• Ki te whakarite i te hōneatanga haumaru o te whare i roto i te take o te ahi me ngā wāhi ki te arawhata e arata'i ki te wāhi tuwhera ranei i roto i te ruma motuhake, tiaki i te ahi, me te paowa.

whakarōpū

E whakarōpūtia e te momo o rauemi, whakaritenga, me ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga pikitanga hōneatanga. E toru ngā momo matua o te hōneatanga hou o arawhata, e he āhuatanga rerekē pērā i ūnga, whanui me te whirihoranga:

• whakanohoia i runga i ngā arapiki nezadymlyaemyh motuhake i roto i te whare;
• Kei roto te whare, a e kore taiepa taiepa;
• me te kei reira waho te Waiho hanganga.

whakamahia te whakamutunga te anake mo te hōneatanga, i nga momo e rua o pikitanga tuatahi kei te tahi mau taime whakakapi e te tomokanga matua.

I runga i nga momo ka taea o whakaaro

Hoki hōneatanga whakamahi hoki flights tika, ngā ki tüäpapa takawaenga. I roto i ētahi wā, ka reira he iti rawa wāhi mo ratou whakaritenga, whakarara ranei ki te pinakitanga iti ki te taiepa eke hanganga poutū pērā i tāmate.

tino rāhuitia

ture haumaru ahi rāhuitia ki whakaara i te arawhata:

• ki takahanga zabezhnymi;
• ki-pewa, me Tīpae āhua kōhikohiko;
• tieki;
• ki takahanga rahi taurite o.

He aha e nga stairwells nezadymlyaemye?

hangaia te aroaro o taua hanganga i roto i te whare kei te ki te whakarite haumaru mōrahi mō te ora me te hauora o te iwi i roto i te take o te ahi. Kei te haere ratou he rahi etahi, e kia kei roto i ngā wāhi e tika ana mō rātou whare.

Ko tētahi o nga whakaritenga matua mo te putanga whawhati tata - tona wehe i te paowa. Nezadymlyaemye aramuka kitea e te meka e i roto i te ahi, ratou e kore e hinga PFD (au paitini, paoa, a na i runga i. N.).

whakaratohia te aroaro o enei hanganga e te hōneatanga angitu o te iwi i roto i te take o te ahi i roto i te whare nui-ara. E utaina whakaritenga rerekē ki runga ki a ratou, i runga i te momo motuhake rānei.

momo

Nezadymlyaemye stairwells wehea ki te maha ngā momo, whakarōpū e wehewehe ratou āhuatanga hoahoa motuhake, whakanohonga, whakarato whai wāhi ki a ratou me te mau parau tumu o te mahi. Ngā momo o aramuka:

• whakaaro H1 te te tauira turanga. Ko te āhuatanga āhuatanga o te hoahoa, ko te ki te whai wāhi i te tikanga o te rohe tuwhera. Me whai koe huarahi nezadymlyaemosti ki te putanga whawhati tata.
• H2 whakarato hoki rangi pressurization ina puta te ahi.
• H3 Ko te orotahi o te H2, engari whakarato hoki te putanga i runga i te hīkoi i roto i te kuwaha whakamahau. whakaratohia hoki ko te overpressure rangi kōwhiri tukua e te rite i roto i te ahi, a i runga i te kaupapa haere tonu.

whakaritenga

haumaru ahi i runga i aramuka ngā ture, e whakarato hoki te tiaki o te ora te tangata:

• arawhata nezadymlyaemyh katoa tāuta rama whawhati tata.
• kia te whanui o te kuwaha i waenganui i 1.2 m me te tiketike - 1.9 m.
• e kore e arapiki ngä whakaputa whanui kia whaiti whanui irava.
• pūtau Tāutanga nezadymlyaemoy pātata ki te take ararewa i roto i te taiepa ki te whakarite wāhi noa o te rangi putanga whakaritea te (i runga i te taumata papa runga).
• I roto i te tamărû ki nezadymlyaemym aramuka rāhuitia te whakanohonga o ngā tūemi whaiaro. kia tüohu te pikitanga, rite taea paru e he arai mo te hōneatanga o iwi, me te mahi o tāmate.
• Rāhuitia huihui whaiaro-o ta'e'iloá pātaki hoahoa hanga me irava prorubki i roto i ngā bulkheads tiaki ahi.
• taputapu e hiahiatia ana nezadymlyaemyh aramuka puringa o rauemi kore-combustible me te iti wera.

Nezadymlyaemye kaupae H1

"Rekureihana Building" kī: i roto i te whare ki te teitei o 30 m, kia whakarite nezadymlyaemye pūtau arawhata H1.

Me whiwhi tēnei momo te tāutanga o pikitanga, e he wātea i te rohe papa whenua, te whakamahi i te wāhi mo te whakatairanga o tuwhera-rangi. Ka taea e H1 wāhi wahi e he mahau, taupee arapiki muia ranei kua oti nei te tangohia i roto o nga whare. Ko tenei e tika ana ki te hiahia ki te whakarite i te mātao tūturu o te whare ki tonu i te paowa i te putanga whawhati tata. Te nuinga kōwhiringa pai mo tenei momo o te arapiki, ko te kokonga o te whare. Ko te tūranga tino pai - koki ā-ki Ua monohia kōwhiringa. āhuatanga ratou hoahoa ko te kore o te kōrero tika ki te papa o te whare.

pūtau noho H1 Toharite - i roto i te koki i te taha Windward o te whare. E āhuatanga ratou i te aroaro o nga whakawhitinga momo taupee, me te te tauārai i roto i te whakamahi i whakangungu rakau. whakamana te whakawhiti te rite te taiwhanga tuwhera ranei kia Loggia kia whakarite whanui irava o 1.2 m. Me waiho te whanui i waenganui i whitinga, me te te wā i te wawahanga ki te matapihi i te iti rawa 2 m.

Nezadymlyaemye arawhata H2

whakaritea arapiki H2 te i roto i te papa runga whare i te mea i te teitei 28-50 m. Ko nga pūtau o H2 hanga overpressure rangi (parau tumu te pamu oumu). Ko ia he pumau ranei ka tuwhera i roto i te take o te ahi whakaoho. Hoki e taea ki te tāuta pressurization motuhake te whakamahi i papua hau e whakarato pēhanga hau e me rite rawa ki te supply mana uninterruptible.

A, no te hoahoa i te ventilation kia tika tātai i te tōpana te umeraa (ranei pressurization). kia tukua te pēhanga te whakatuwheratanga noa o tatau ahi ki te pikitanga. Me te pēhanga ki runga i te taumata o raro i te iti rawa 20 Pa, i runga i te runga - iti iho i te 150 pascals.

Timipera kuwaha ranei i roto i nei whakaratohia te i te pūtau H2 tomokanga stair rawa ki te tatau ahi. I roto i tenei kāwai o ngā pūtau nezadymlyaemyh pūrere tika he mokowā pātaki poutū 7-8 patunga.

Nezadymlyaemye kaupae H3

Nezadymlyaemaya arapiki hanga ano H3 te whakamahi i overpressure. Ratou rerekētanga ko te pūrere motuhake ruma haere-i roto i ki te tatau whaiaro kati-. e kore e ratou āhuatanga kia iti iho i te 4 mita pūrua. kawea m. I roto i ngā pūtau o tenei momo i roto i roto i te wāhi rangi tārua nohoia e te arawhata, me te i roto i kuwaha motuhake. kawea frein tokotoko i roto i runga i te kaupapa tonu ranei whakahohe aunoa i te hui o te ahi paowa ranei.

rauemi hāngai

A, no te hanga irava hōneatanga nezadymlyaemyh tino whakamahia nuitia raima. he haumaru i roto i te horopaki ahi-tiaki ia, ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi roa, he hāneanea hoki. Ka rite ki te tānga ki te raima hanganga turanga maitai whakamahia, hei tauira, i roto i te hanga o tatau taiapa ranei. tīpae whakarewa whakatikaia i roto i te marama hanganga waihanga.

Ko te āhuatanga rakau whakamahia i roto i te nui iti: rail rakau ranei tatau kakau, e hiahiatia ana e te ki kia tukinotia ki te tito ahi.