Ngā momo o taiepa ripekapeka karaihe o matū rerekē

I roto i te natura i reira e rua ngā momo o totoka, e rerekē tino i roto i to ratou āhuatanga. Tenei totoka amorphous me tioata. A e kore e te tinana amorphous i te pāmahana rewa tangohia i roto i te para ratou āta tamaruhia, a ka whakawhitia ki te āhua flowable. Tauira o taua matū e taea e te uku mua teriuma ranei. Ko tino rerekē ko te take ki te matū tioata. toe ratou i roto i te āhua totoka ki runga ki te tetahi pāmahana, me te pa anake reira, e rewa enei matū.

He te katoa e pā ana ki te hanganga o taua matū. Kei te tū te matūriki totoka tioata e hanga e ratou i ai, i etahi ngā. A, ki te e hono ratou e rārangi tika, whiwhi koe i te ahua o te anga pohewa, i huaina nei ko - te wini whakakahokaho karaihe. A ka taea e kia tino rerekē nga momo o ripekapeka karaihe. A, kōrero ki te matūriki o nei ratou e "hanga" e wehea ripekapeka ki wha momo. Tenei katote, ngota, rāpoi, me te grille konganuku.

Na nga kōpuku ripekapeka katote, aua, e whakaritea katote, me te vai here katote i waenganui ia ratou. Ēnei ngā katote e taea kia rite ohie (Cl-, Na +), me matatini (OH-, SO2-). A kia roto i enei momo o ripekapeka karaihe etahi waikura konganuku me ngā waihā, tai me ētahi atu āpiha rite. Tangohia, mo te tauira, he konutai pūhaumāota tikanga. haumāota te reira i ngā katote kē katote konutai kino, me te pai e hanga i te taiepa ripekapeka karaihe pūtoru. Katote here i roto i te mea ripekapeka taua he rawa kainga, me te taonga, "hanga" i runga i tenei parau tumu, i te kaha ka makona tiketike, me te pakeke.

He hoki momo o ripekapeka karaihe, ka karanga ngota. Here, e whakaritea nga kōpuku ngota, i waenganui i reira ko te here kotuari kaha. e kore e wini Nuclear he rota o te taonga. Ko ētahi o ēnei taimana, ko tioata germanium, silicon me boron. He etahi matū matatini e roto i takawai , me te whai, aua, te wini whakakahokaho karaihe ngota. Tenei onepu, kiripaka, karaihe toka me te takawai. A i roto i te nuinga o te wā, he tino kaha, pakeke, me te whakangutungutu enei matū. Ano, he ngā rewa ratou.

E te mea rawa rerekē te momo rāpoi o matapihi karaihe. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te wai tio, i.e. tio mau, "te huka maroke" - whakapakeke haukino, me te te hauwai sulfide me te hauwai pūhaumāota mārō. Tetahi sieves rāpoi i maha ngā pūhui matū waro totoka. Ko ētahi o ēnei huka, te kūhuka, naphthalene me ētahi atu matū rite. He rāpoi ngota kei i te kōpuku o te wini whakakahokaho, tuati-here matū neke, me te nonpolar. A ahakoa te meka e roto i te rāpoi ngota i kaha here kotuari i waenganui i ngota, rāpoi e puritia ratou i roto i te wini whakakahokaho ki rawa ngoikore here intermolecular tika. Na reira, e feunga ahua kore ngāwari rewa taua matū me te whai i te pakeke tiketike.

Otiia whai konganuku he momo o ngā momo o matapihi karaihe. A kia ratou kōpuku rite ngota me ngā katote. Ka taea e te ngota te ngāwari puta ki katote, hoatu ake ratou irahiko ki "whakamahi tūmatanui." Waihoki kia riro katote "hopu" he irahiko noa ngota. A tenei hanganga o te wini whakakahokaho whakarewa whakatau nga āhuatanga o te konganuku pērā i te ukanga, te kōngohe, me ngāwhā kawe ia.

Kua wehea nga momo o taiepa ripekapeka karaihe o konganuku, me ētahi atu matū ki ngā pūnaha matua e whitu i roto i te puka o ngā pūtau kōwae o te wini whakakahokaho. Ko te māmā ko te pūtau pūtoru. He he ano hoki rhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, rhombohedral, pūtau kōwae monoclinic me triclinic, e whakatau i te āhua o te wini whakakahokaho karaihe katoa. Otiia i roto i te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake uaua atu i te mea e rārangi i runga ake i te wini whakakahokaho karaihe. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e taea te matūriki timatanga e kore anake i roto i a ratou ano pae whakakahokaho, engari ano hoki i roto i tona pokapū ranei i ona mata tenei. I roto i te konganuku tino noa taua matatini ripekapeka e toru karaihe: pūtoru, pūtoru me te hexagonal tinana-fakatefito tata-Kikī fakatefito mata-. Tetahi konganuku āhuatanga tinana whakawhirinaki kore anake i runga i te āhua o ratou wini whakakahokaho karaihe, me i te tawhiti interatomic me i ētahi atu tawhā.