Ope Kwantung

I muri ngaro te Pakanga Russian-Japanese (1904-05.), Hanga te kingi i roto i Japan Portsmunskomu ao kua te whakawhitinga i roto i te raupapa o te rohe Kwantung (o Liaodong Peninsula). I roto i tenei rohe, whakaaetia ki te whai i te maha etahi o hoia.

Puka whai wāhi te Army Kwantung ki te whakapakari o te mana Japanese i roto i China. I te 1931 ka timata ia te akiaki faaapīraa o te hoia. nui haere te tuatahi te maha o hoia.

Me kï reira e ko te Ope Kwantung te rōpū hōia tino ingoa nui i roto i Japan. Ratonga roto i te taua kī te whakatairanga o te arawhata umanga. Kwantung Army i taua wa ko te ahua o te turanga mo ope whakangungu whenua.

Kua tamata te kāwanatanga Japanese ki te whakatinana i hohoro te mahere mo te hanganga o te rohe o mua ngā whakaurunga rautaki nui. Na roto i te mutunga o te raumati 1945, i hanga ai e pā ana ki wha pae taunga me airfields, e rua tekau-rua mano ara, me te whitu, me te hawhe mano o reriwe. I tua atu, i hanga e nga pa ki te hāngai whitu tekau wehenga (e pā ana ki tetahi, me te hawhe miriona hoia he), tima kai whakapumautia, kariri, te tahi atu rauemi. tenei katoa taea te wa āhua poto ki te tohatoha i te mahi hōia tauine-tonu ki te tika.

Nā ki te meka i Japan he whakapono ana hoariri matua te Soviet Union, i hanga whitu rohe taiepa i runga i te rohe ki te USSR. Ko te roa tapeke o ēnei wāhanga ko e pā ana ki te waru kiromita. E ai ki ngā tohunga, te Army Kwantung taea te whakamahi i ēnei wāhanga taiepa, mo te tiaki e kore anake engari ano mo te mahi whakahāwea.

I muri i te kore o te mahi hōia i runga i Hanhin Gol ko Lake Khasan i 1938-39. katoa kua riro mehua tika e Japan ki te aukati i pakanga ki tona hoa raki. I te wa ano kaha tonu whakangungu o ngā hōia mō te whawhai ki te Soviet Union. Kua whakawhanakehia Whakahaua o te Army Kwantung he mahere ki te whakaekea te Soviet Union, i tangohia e te rangatira o Hapani i 1940. Heoi, i roto i te muri, i roto i 1941, whakaaetia e ia he mahere mō "Kontokuen" (i muri tonu i te whakaekenga o nga hoia Tiamana Soviet Union).

Ko te putanga o te pakanga o Stalingrad akina atu nga Japanese ki te paopao ki ki te mahia he pakanga ki te Soviet Union. Mai i tenei wāhi i runga i, i whakamararatia te Ope Kwantung he torutoru. Na roto i te hinga o 1943, te wahi pai o te hoia i tohatoha ki te tonga. Te tau e whai ake nei, ka mau te hanganga o te ope kotahi kamupene o ia matua, me te hokowhitu o ia o te pū, me te hoia wiki. Na roto i te raumati o 1945 i roto i Hapani me Haina i whakawhitia he maha nui o tāke, whawhai kaipūkaha, wae pū. kawea ētahi o ngā hōia i i te utu o ngā tāngata whai Japanese (te kararehe pakeke me taritari). kihai i Heoi, i hanga e ono wehenga hou i taea ki te whakakapi i te wahi ka mau. I tua atu, ngā kaimahi hou, rite he katoa, e kore i rite mo te mahi hōia, me te wa ki te ako ki te mahi.

Na roto i te mutunga o te raumati o te tau 1945 ka timata te Soviet Union te whawhai ki a Japan. Kati pai-whakangungua me ngā hōia pūkoro o te Army Soviet āhua hohoro patua te ātete o te wahi marara. Ko te kore o te rererangi me te tāke whakaaetia ki te tomo i te rohe o mua tata te taupupu, i whakaratohia te hinga atu o te Army Kwantung.

Hei wāhanga o te taua i pā ana ki 900 mano hoia. Ko te kupu tata hawhe o ratou wahi ngaahi houalotú hōia (engineering, denoted, demining, ngātahi atu ranei). mate Mō 90 mano hoia i roto i te whawhai, e pā ana ki te 15,000 mate i te mate me te patunga, he nui iti o noa.