Parahi - he koranu. Āhuatanga parahi

Parahi - Ko te koranu e hāngai nei ki runga i parahi. Tautoko whakarewa taea e nika, konutea, he tine, konumohe, me ētahi atu. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka titiro tatou ki ngā momo, āhuatanga hangarau, Chem. hanganga parahi, me ngā tikanga mo tona hanga.

whakarōpū

1. Ka taea e te wehea te hanganga matū o te whakarewa ki e rua ngā rōpū. Ko te tuatahi - he parahi tine. Ratou tine Ko te huānga alloying matua. Tuarua - Tinless. Kei raro kōrero tatou e pā ana ki tenei i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Ka taea te wehea 2. āhuatanga parahi hangarau ki te mahi, me te maka alloys. Kei te pai te te tuatahi whawha atu i raro i te pēhanga. Ko te whakamutunga e whakamahia i roto i castings ahuahu.

Tenei whakarewa whakaritea ki te parahi he pai nui anti-waku, āhuatanga hangarau me te waikura resistance. Hono mo'oní, te parahi - parahi-tine koranu (rite te mema matua ngaahi houalotú). Konukōreko me te konutea nei kahore he huānga alloying nui whakamahia hoki tenei wae whakaaro pērā i te konumohe, he tine, konupora, silicon, mata, rino, teriuma, chromium, ūkuikui, konupora, zirconium me etahi atu.

parahi Tin: maka ana

Kia kite a he aha te tikanga i te whakarewa taua. parahi tine (i raro whakaatu whakaahua i te wahi maka) - he hononga e whai fluidity raro atu i taua o te tahi atu momo. Heoi, te mea he te na'ina'iraa rōrahi iti, e taea ana ki te whiwhi te whakarewanga parahi āhua. meinga enei āhuatanga te tono kaha i roto i te makanga o ngā wāhanga antifriction parahi. Ano, te alloys whakamahia i roto i te hanga o mapuni tikanga mo te whakamahi i roto i te reo wai (tae atu vairaa pape) ranei i roto i te mamaoa, a i roto i hinu i raro i te pēhanga teitei. He pera-ka karanga kore-paerewa e maka ana parahi tono tino. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te hanga o ahunga, nihowhiti, bushings, wahi papu, mowhiti malouplotnitelnyh. E hangaia ēnei wāhanga ki te mahi i raro i te pēhanga tiketike i kīia e tiketike me kawenga iti.

parahi mata

Tenei momo o e maka ana alloys tine whakamahia i roto i te hanga o ahunga, hiri me castings ahuahu. parahi āhuatanga pērā iti āhuatanga aunoa, kia e i roto i te tukanga o te hokohoko rakau amo, me e ratou tono noa ki te tïpako maitai rite te apa rawa kikokore. Ko te alloys o te taua ki te ihirangi tine tiketike i teitei āhuatanga hangarau. Na reira, e taea te whakamahi e ratou, kahore he anga maitai.

parahi Tin: mahi

Ka taea te wehea alloys pēhanga tukatuka ki te rōpū e whai ake nei: tine-phosphorous, tine-konutea me te tine-konutea-mata. Kua tono ratou i roto i te penupenu me te pepa ahumahi (tae atu te hanga i te mātiti) me engineering pūkaha (hanga o puna, ahunga me ngā wāhanga mīhini). I tua atu, kei te whakamahia ēnei rauemi i roto i te hanga o bimetallic tuhinga, rakau, rïpene, here, nihowhiti, nihowhiti, bushings me taimaha taraka ohipa gaskets, korere te whakatangitangi, puna manometric. I roto i te hiko whānui whakamahi parahi (deformable) faataa e āhuatanga aunoa pai (tahi ki te mahi hiko tiketike). Kei te whakamahia te reira i roto i te hanga o puna nāianei-mau ana, mono tūhono, hoapā. I roto i te ahumahi matū o bronzes tine hua waea puna i roto i te rehe pū - tikanga, i roto i te ahumahi pepa - waero,, i roto i te automotive me automotive - bushings me ahunga.

Ka taea te tukua ēnei alloys i roto i te tino totoka, mārō, āhua-mārō, me te ngohengohe (annealed) huru. Kei te nuinga o te wā bronzes tine tukatuka matao (mā te awhiowhio tuhi ranei). aki whakarewa Hot te anake. I raro i te pēhanga i te parahi kua tukatuka tino i roto i te matao, me te wera.

teriuma parahi

no tenei koranu ki te rōpū o te konganuku tau-hardenable. roaa te reira i ngā āhuatanga hangarau, tinana, me rapa tiketike. parahi Konuuku he taumata tiketike o te ātete wera, te waikura resistance me te rohirohi kaha. he ātete ki iti pāmahana, e kore nga aukume reira me ārai koraahi ki runga ki pānga. kawea Tempering teriuma parahi i roto i pāmahana o 750-790 degrees. Ko te tua o te konukurahina, rino, me te konukōreko āwhina ka wera tukinotia tere huringa whakapōturinga wā, nui whakahaere tenei te hoholo me pakeke hangarau. I tua atu, ko te tua o te nika whakatairanga te pāmahana recrystallization, a kia whakakapia ai te konupora, ki te kahore tino, teriuma utu. Ko te āhuatanga i runga tukua te koranu parahi whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te puna, nga wahi manahau me te kiriuhi i roto i te ahumahi mataaratanga.

koranu parahi ki te konupora

parahi motuhake pērā āhuatanga e āhuatanga hangarau e tiketike. whawha ia te pēhanga rite i roto i te matao, tonu wera. āhuatanga tēnei konganuku e kaha pāmahana teitei, me te waikura resistance. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te koranu o parahi ki te tua o te konupora i roto i te tautara ngingiha.

silicon parahi

Tenei koranu, e ngā nika, i te iti rawa - konupora. Taua he ultrahigh whakarewa rerekē mīhini, anti-waku me ngā āhuatanga rapa. A, no te ngaro tenei parahi silicon tona plasticity i iti te pāmahana. tukinotia koranu konuhono pai te i te pēhanga tiketike, me te i pāmahana iti. e kore e aukume whakarewa tirohia waho ki runga ki pānga korakora. whakamārama te whakamahi parahi whānui (silicon) i roto i te ahumahi te pahi moana i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga antifriction, ahunga, puna, gratings, evaporators, mātiti me nga bushings aratohu tenei.

alloys Foundry Tinless

āhuatanga tēnei momo e bronzes waikura pai, āhuatanga retireti me te kaha teitei. E whakamahia ratou mo te hanga o te wāhanga e whakahaere i roto i ngā āhuatanga kino. Tenei, hei tauira, nihowhiti, vaolo, karekau, nihowhiti hoki kapohau mana me cranes, kutukutu e mahi i roto i te korakora ki ngā wāhanga maitai whakapakeke, ahunga, whakahaere i te pēhanga teitei, me te ru uta.

Me pēhea te ki te hanga parahi?

kia mahi Fabrication o te whakarewa i roto i te oumu motuhake e whakamahia ana mō te rewa parahi koranu. Ko te tiaki mo te parahi taea te titoa o whakarewa hou ranei ki te tua o te ururua tuarua. Kei te nuinga o te tukanga rewa kawea i roto i raro i te paparanga rere waro ranei.

Ko te tukanga whakamahi i te tiaki hou o te whakarewa e wahi i roto i te tetahi raupapa. Tuatahi, i roto i puhoi utaina oumu preheated nui e hiahiatia o rere waro ranei. Na reira e whakanohoia parahi. Tatari noa tona rewa, kua nui haere te pāmahana whakawera ki 1170 nekehanga. I muri iho, me deoxidized te rewanga, i tapiritia parahi phosphorous. Ka taea te kawea i tēnei tukanga i roto i roto i rua ngā wāhanga: tika ki te oumu, a ka i roto i te koko. I roto i te take i taua whakaurua te tāpiri i roto i ōrite ana ngā wehenga. I tua atu, i honoa te rewanga mahana ki 120 nekehanga huānga alloying tika. Me whakahaere wāhanga whakangutungutu i te puka o alloys ariki. Next, i whakaoho te parahi whakarewa (whakaahua, i raro whakaatu te tukanga rewa) i tae noa oti whakakorenga o nga matū katoa tapiritia me wera ki te pāmahana tomu'a. A, no te tuku i te koranu hua i te oumu, i mua ki te whakarewanga o, me te mea toenga tino deoxidized (50%) parahi phosphorous. meatia tenei e ki te tuku i te waikura i parahi, me te whakapai ake fluidity o te rewanga.

Smelting i runga i ngā rauemi hangarua

I roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa i parahi te whakamahi i konganuku tuarua, me te rewanga ururua ki te kia whakamana i roto i te raupapa e whai ake. Tuatahi parahi rewa me phosphorous deoxidized ona tāpiritanga. Katahi ka honoa mai ki te rewanga o ngā rauemi hangarua. I muri iho, Kei te tino rewa tatari whakarewa me e whakaurua nga mea timatanga alloying i roto i te raupapa. I roto i te kaupapa i titoa te tiaki kei te o te nui iti o te parahi parakore, he mea e tika ana te tuatahi ki te ngohe konganuku nāianei, a ka tāpiri parahi, me te alloying huānga. kawea rewa i roto i raro i te paparanga rere waro ranei.

I muri rewa te tiaki, me te para i te reira ki te pāmahana whakamutunga hiahiatia tū te te ranunga o te parahi deoxidized phosphorous. I tua atu, taupokina te rewanga i runga i runga i te waro oumu-maroke te rere maroke ranei. kohi whakamutunga o 2-3 ōrau i te taimaha o te whakarewa. te tiaki i te rewanga wera te mo te 20-30 meneti, ia wā whakaohokia, a ka nekehia atu i te mata o te para tīpakohia. Ko rite hoki te makanga parahi katoa. Hoki pai tango o para i roto i te koko e taea te tāpiri i kiripaka onepu, e thickens reira. Hei whakatau mō te maka ana ki pakete rite ranei parahi, puritia te tauira hangarau motuhake. kia kākahu, me te parakore whati o te tauira.

konumohe parahi

Tenei parahi, me te konumohe koranu rite te huānga alloying. Ko nui rerekē i te runga ake te tukanga rewa o te whakarewa e tika ana ki te āhuatanga matū o te wae pŭpŭ tauturu. Fakakaukau ki he founga ki te hanga whakamahi o te konumohe parahi ki wāhanga alloying. I roto i te hanga o tenei momo o te koranu ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua i roto i te tiaki mahi deoxidation kore e wāhanga phosphorous tono. Tenei Ko te mea te phosphor kua he marena raro mo te rāpoi ngota hāora i te konumohe. kia mōhio e tenei ahua o te parahi, ko te tino tairongo ki te wera ano, na e kore e te pāmahana nui 1200 nekehanga. I roto i te āhua overheated o te konumohe, me te parahi koranu oxidized kukū, te ki hau. I tua atu, waikura, i hanga i roto i te rewa o tenei ahua o te parahi, e kore e whakahokia e te tua o hāora, a ko reira tino uaua ki te tango i te rewanga. Te kiriata waikura he tiketike rawa te pāmahana rewa, e tino whakaiti te fluidity me ai te faaipoiporaa parahi. kawea rewa te i roto i te tino tere, i runga i nga rohe o runga o te pāmahana whakawera. I tua atu, e kore matou e whakaroa te rewanga oti i roto i te oumu. A, no te rewa konumohe parahi rite te apa paninga e tūtohu ana ki te whakamahi i te rere i ngā o te 50% pungarehu houra , a 50% cryolite.

ngohe Rite mua ki maka ana i roto i ngā puka parakore i te whakauru pūhaumāota reira konupora konutea pūhaumāota (0.2-0.4% i te taimaha o te tiaki) ranei. I muri i tenei tikanga, kia puritia te koranu mō te rima meneti noa te mutunga oti o hau te kukuwhatanga. Ko te ranunga i reira whakaritea ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, ka ringihia ki pakete.

I roto i te tikanga ki te ārai i te wehenga wāhanga i roto i te parahi rewanga ki te ihirangi tiketike o poke mata (50-60%) he mea tika ki te tāpiri 2-2.3% konukoreko i te puka o te ariki parahi-nika koranu. rite te rere ranei me te whakamahi alkali tote whakarewa ngāwhā. Konukōreko, te hiriwa, konupora, ki te he e ratou wahi o te parahi ki te tāpiri ki te rewanga ki te tukanga tine tāpiri. Ano, ki te whakapai ake whakarerekētia te kounga o te koranu te mea tāpiritanga ētahi wā iti e hāngai ana i runga i konganuku whakangutungutu.