Pū kai: hanganga ara iahiko

Pū kai ko te ngongo kuiti uaua. Ko te reira i te hongere i roto i nei neke i te kai. roa esophageal tangata o te tikanga o te 25 henimita. Next, whakaaro te tari i roto i te taipitopito atu. Kimihia atu te wahi te pū kai i roto i te tangata, e ngā te mahi. I roto i tenei tuhinga ka ako koe e pā ana ki te wāhanga o tenei tari, me te etahi o te tinana pathologies tino noa.

mōhiohio whānui

Pū kai, me te puku tangata - e rua GI karapīpiti. Ko te tuarua ko te raro. Kei te tuatahi i roto i te rohe o te pekehoe rei waha 6 ki te 11. He aha te mea te hanganga o te pū kai tangata? Kei a ia ko e toru ngā wāhanga. Ko te tari ngā te rohe puku, rei, me te waha. Hoki mārama, i raro ko te pū kai hoahoa tangata. Te tari hoki sphincters hakari - runga, me te raro. tākaro ratou te tūranga o te mapuni ki te whakarite rere unidirectional o kai e te wahi kūnatu. Sphincters ārai kătahi o tirotiro pukuriri i te kopu ki te pū kai, a ka te pharynx me te kōhao-waha. hoki whāiti reira i roto i te tari. rima katoa o ratou. E rua whāiti - pharyngeal me diaphragmatic - whakaaro te kikokiko. E toru o ratou - arahau, cardiac me te pūtahi o - he whaiaroaro. Ko, i whānui, te hanganga o te pū kai tangata. Atu atu taipitopito titiro i te mea te tikanga te tinana anga.

anatomy esophageal tangata

Te tari kua he taiepa hanga o te mucosa, submucosa, me papa uaua, me te adventitial. Last i roto i te tihi o te kāri i hanga te muka striated. Tata i te rohe o 2/3 (tatau i te tihi) o te hanganga e whakakapi i te uaua maeneene. Ko reira nga papa e rua i te apa uaua: he wä roa porohita me waho i roto. hipokina mucous epithelium papanga flat. Ko te matotoru o tenei anga kei repe e whakatuwhera ki te lumen tinana. Ko te membrane mucous he momo kiri. takoto Flat epithelium papanga i runga i te pai-muka tūhono muka. Tenei apa koture tūturu tito o ngā hanganga collagen. Hoki reira i roto i te epithelium me tūhonohono pūtau kiko retikulinovye muka. ngā kahu koture Own ki reira i roto i te puka o te papillae. I roto i te whānui, he tino ohie tangata anatomy esophageal. Heoi, ko reira kore nui kia nui, te tini o ngā mahi e whakatinana i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal.

mahi tangata esophageal

Tenei tari mahi e rave rahi mahi. I roto i te mahi tangata esophageal ko ki te whakarite i te whakatairanga o te kai. te kitenga o ana tēnei ahanoa e motility, uaua hukihuki, huringa i roto i te pēhanga, me te mahara. Ano, i roto i nga taiepa o te tari huna hūpē. saturates te reira i te bolus, ana i ngä tona kătahi ki te kōhao pekitīlia. i roto i te teihana hoki whāinga ki te whakarite i te tiaki o te tirotiro hoki tango i roto i te wahi gastrointestinal runga. whakatinana ana tēnei āhuatanga mā te sphincter.

tauwhatinga o te

Te whakatairite i te nuinga o abnormalities o te pū kai, me te puku, kia kite koutou i te whai ake: te kitea he nui iti auau i teie nei tuatahi. e whakaaetia nuitia whitinga kai kahore hoki e mutu. Kei te whakapono te reira e ko te iti haria ki te hunga atu irritations ranei pū kai o te tangata. I roto i te whānui, he tino ohie i roto i tona hanganga tenei tari. Heoi, i reira e te tahi mau onäianei i roto i tona hanganga. I teie mahana, ako tohunga te nuinga o te ngā tari malformations congenital me riro. Te nuinga atu mau taote tātari tinana rerekē o te sphincter honotanga te puku ki te pū kai. whakaaro tētahi atu koha tika noa te ki hei uaua horomia. I roto i tenei huru tangata pū kai iti diameter pathological (tikanga ko reira 2.3 cm).

tohu o te mate

E mea pinepine e kore te māuiuitanga esophageal tahi e tetahi tohumate. Heoi, kōtītiti i roto i tona mahi e arahi ki hopearaa rawa mamafa. I roto i tenei hononga ko reira e tika ana ki te aro ki ara te iti rawa, huru tohu. Ki te kitea tetahi whakaaro kia toro tonu koe i te tākuta. I roto i te tohu tino noa o abnormalities esophageal kia tuhia:

• Tokopā.
• Kūpā.
• mamae Epigastric.
• Uaua i roto i te haere kai.
• Sensation o te puranga i korokoro te.
• Mamae i roto i te rohe o te pū kai i roto i te tukanga o te kai.
• Hiccups.
• Ruaki.

spasm

I roto i ētahi wā, uaua i roto i te wahi o te kai e pā ana ki contractions mate hukihuki o te uaua esophageal. Ko te tikanga kite i tenei huru i roto i te iwi taitamariki. More pea ki te whakawhanake i spasm kanohi, i raro ki te kārangirangi me te tapepe āhuatanga e te pūnaha io pokapū. E mea pinepine puta te huru i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ahotea, absorption tere o te kai, nervosa whānui. I tere tiketike, te whakamahi o ngā hua pū kai tangata i raro ki te ritenga aunoa. Ka rite ki te hua, whakawhanake reira he spasm runga te taumata pūpū. E mea pinepine te hukihuki uaua kitea i roto i te rohe o te hononga pū kai, me te puku. I roto i tenei take, i reira he he cardiospasm. Whakaaroa tenei huru i roto i te taipitopito.

cardiospasm

haere tahi ana tēnei huru e roha o te pū kai. āhuatanga tēnei Pākatokato e te hua nui i roto i tona kōhao ki huringa morphological i roto i te taiepa i runga i te whakamārama o te whāiti koi o tona taha cardiac - cardiospasm. Roha o te pū kai kia whakawhanake tika ki ngā āhuatanga pathogenic roto, o waho, disorders embryogenesis, dysfunctions neurogenic, ārahi ki atony.

Take o te cardiospasm

tonu āhua rerekē te whara pāmamae, whewhe, puku. whakaaro Precipitating take mō te whanaketanga anō te ki hei te pānga o pūhui paitini. Ko ētahi o ēnei, te tuatahi o te katoa, kia whakauru te tokorua i roto i ngā ahumahi mōrearea, waipiro, te tupeka. faarahi te reira i te tūponotanga o cardiospasm stenosis esophageal meinga e te hinga ki te puipuitua o te fiva rahi, ngangana kirika, pakewakewa me te mate kohi. I roto i te āhuatanga precipitating noho te wahi motuhake ngā pathologies o te HWM. Ko ētahi o ēnei, i roto i ngā, kia ngā rua sclerosis. mana kino me ari subdiaphragmatic i roto i te kōhao puku. I roto i tenei take e korero tatou e pā ana ki aerophagia, gastritis, gastroptosis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Na roto i te whakapataritari ngā supradiaphragmatic me ngā tukanga āhuatanga. I roto ia ratou, i roto i ngā, tohatoha he aneurysm te pūtahi o, te haoraora, kiripūkahu, mediastinitis. Na roto i te āhuatanga neurogenic ngā kino karere i roto i te pū kai taputapu piringa. Ka taea te meinga ratou e te tahi mau pathologies hopuhopu. Hei tauira, te take i taea e kia karawaka, te fiva rahi, diphtheria, ngangana kirika, meningoencephalitis, rewharewha, whakamemeke. Hoki, ngā ki whakapataritari āhuatanga poisoning e pūhui paitini i roto i te wāhi mahi, me te i te kāinga (mata, waipiro, te ateneke, nikotīni). Ārahi ki te gigantism momo huringa o esophageal congenital pea whakawhanakehia i te wā o tohuwāhi embryonic. I muri, puta reira sclerosis, thinning o nga taiepa.

achalasia

he neuropathic i roto i te natura tenei mate. A, no te reira te mea he takahi o ngā mahi achalasia esophageal. I roto i te māuiuitanga kitea i roto i disorders motility. Ko te sphincter raro mahi rite obturator tikanga i waenganui i te pū kai, me te puku, mona tona kaha ki te akaanga. I tēnei wā, he mohiotia te etiology o te mate, engari e mea tohunga psychogenic, hopuhopu, me te ira predisposition. Tikanga, kitea te māuiuitanga e i roto i te tau i te 20 ki te 40 tau.

weranga

puta ratou ina tomo pū kai o te tangata tetahi pūhui matū. E ai ki ngā tatauranga, ko te tapeke o te iwi nei riro weranga o te GI, e pā ana ki 70% - tamariki ki runga, ki te kotahi tekau nga tau. Ko te tika ki te pakeke tirotiro tenei ōrau nui me tamariki pākiki whakapataritari ratou pangia te rota o mea. E mea pinepine riro he pakeke wera pū kai i kătahi ki te konutai waihā, rongoā waikawa takiwa. Iti noa, i reira he take o te pānga o Lysol, phenol. Tohu o te whakangaromanga takoto i runga i te rōrahi, me te kukū o te pūhui kua tomo e roto. A, no te 1 st. kino i tohua o te mata o te paparanga mucous. āhuatanga te tohu tuarua e pāpaka i roto i te uaua. Tahu i te pū kai 3 tbsp. tahi e te pāpaka i roto i te wāhanga katoa o te tari. I roto i tenei take, i reira e kore tohu anake rohe, engari tohu noa: haurangi me te ru. I muri i te wera 2-3 tbsp. i hanga huringa cicatricial i roto i te kopa. Ko te kaitautoko tohumate matua ite i te sensation tahunga kaha i roto i te mangai, korokoro me te uma. E mea pinepine, te tangata nei ka mau te otinga waihā ruaki tonu puta, i reira kia kia huamo o te ngutu.

tinana ke

I te tahi taime pū kai o te tangata whiwhi tūemi e kore e i hangaia ki te ngaungau. I roto i te neperezhevannye taea mongamonga kai mahi tinana rite ke. Ka rite ki whakaaturanga mahi, pāngia te aroaro o ngā huānga ke te tino maha. kia puta tinana Foreign i roto i te pū kai rite ki te hua o te ingestion tere rawa o te kai, i roto i te kata ranei korero i kai. E mea pinepine i roto i tenei tari kitea nga wheua o te ika heihei ranei. He rawe ki ki te iwi e whai i te peu o te tahi mea inedible ki te pupuri i te mangai tonu (topenga pepa, tia, ōrite, me ētahi atu) i te putanga o te ahanoa ke. Ka rite ki te tikanga, i roto i te tinana o te ahanoa taiepa tāmau ki te mutunga oka. Ka taea e meinga te reira i mumura.

whewhe

Tenei i taea e kia tika ki te kore o te māuiuitanga Cardo, e whakaoho kătahi ki te pū kai o te wai pekitīlia. Te reira i, i roto i te tahuri, kua he mahi proteolytic. E mea pinepine haere tahi e mariao o te puku, me te duodenum 12 whaturama hiatal ranei. Ko te tikanga, i runga i e kitea nga taiepa o pāpaka takitahi, engari i roto i ētahi wā e pāngia me kīanga maha. Ko te whanaketanga o keha esophageal i te maha o ngā āhuatanga. kia māuiuitanga te putanga o te pokanga, he whaturama, disorders motility ranei. Ko te tohu matua ko te tokopā tūturu, mamae i muri te whaturei, te paowa. A, no te hanga kai, me te i muri i riro i te tohu atu kaha. Ka rite ki te āhuatanga hoki mahi ana ia wā puta regurgitation kawa o tirotiro puku.

atresia

whakaaro ana tēnei koha te ki kia tino taimaha. Hoki otinga āhuatanga māuiuitanga pū kai runga matapo. Raro i tona wāhanga ina kōrero reira ki te pukorokoro. E mea pinepine ki te whakamārama o te atresia esophageal e tāutuhia me ētahi atu hē i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha ngā o te tinana. E whakaaro ana te take o te mate ki te hei kōhikohiko i roto i te hanganga utero o te kukune. Ki te ka pā 4 5 ranei wiki o te whanaketanga i roto i te ira mōrearea, ka muri kia tīmata te hanganga he o te pū kai.