Pakihi, Ahumahi
Sau "hakiniti". 2S5 tāutanga pū whaiaro-tīhokatia "hakiniti": ngā whakaritenga hangarau me ngā whakaahua
E rave rahi te iwi hiahia i roto i te patu ope mara whakaturia hoki ake he pōhēhē i roto i ngā huarahi maha e te puhipuhi repo i roto i te mau huru o nāianei hei tata nga Ropu. A i roto i te meka: e mea he, mo te mea ko reira, ka te kingi i runga i te missiles parekura? Tangohia tou wa, e kore e pera ohie.
Ko te take i he ngawari ki te hanga, me te whakahaere i te pū repo. I tua atu, i raro ki te whakamahi o projectiles ki te muka-taiaho-arahina ( "Kitolov-2"), ko reira, e nehenehe o (i runga i te tawhiti noa, o te akoranga) ki te whakaatu i kaua e iti iho mīharo atu nga missiles, nga hua i runga i te parekura. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te taea o te whakamahi i warheads iti karihi. I roto i te horopaki o te pakanga nui, ka taea e te mea tino whai hua.
Ko e 'uhinga tenei ra ka aparau i tatou i te ACS "hakiniti" - tetahi o nga pūnaha tino mīharo o tenei piha.
prehistory
I roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, kua whakapumautia pū puhipuhi whaiaro-tīhokatia ratou rite te patu kaha, me te mōrearea, te aroaro o e maha i taea te whakatau i te putanga o te whawhai i roto i te manakohia o tetahi ranei tetahi rōpū ki te pakanga. ko tino raro atu i taua o te tank ratou utu, engari i raro i etahi tikanga, tōtika taea waka cheap, me te kore rawa te pai-Armoured whakangaro patu hoariri taimaha. Hoki to matou whenua, ko reira nui rawa i te wāhanga tuatahi o te whawhai, ina he poto tino mate taputapu hōia, ka hiahiatia tona production i ki faaohie me te whakaiti i te utu.
Tata i rite rawa wehenga hoia fakamīsiní katoa o te USSR i te wā he vahaataimi ki kurawai me pū whaiaro-tīhokatia i runga i te pūtake whakauru. Ia wiki pū fakamīsiní i patu puhipuhi kounga, e tohu ana he pūhiko tonu SU-76. Tino nui haere te rahi o te tahi atu patu pū, i hanga nei i roto i nga tau o te whawhai.
Katoa ACS, hoatu ki mahi i roto i taua wā i te tikanga, anake ki te tautoko i te hōia whawhai i roto i te whawhai. Heoi, i roto i te pou-pakanga parau haapiiraa hōia e piki e tuhituhia te whakamahi o ngā waeine whaiaro-tīhokatia ki ranei hei utu o tāke.
I te 50-60 tau, te tūranga o ACS taka tonu. E mea pinepine i reira ko tetahi pātai o te mutunga oti o ratou production me te whakakapinga o tenei momo o waka tuki, patu. Na, ka whakawhanakehia torutoru rawa tauira hou o pū whaiaro-tīhokatia i waenganui o nga 60raa. Tata ki te katoa o ratou i hāngai i runga i te tahuhu tank tawhito i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, taputapu te corps Armoured hou.
Ko te heke o te ahumahi
I roto i te mutunga o te 50-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua mana Nikita Khrushchev, he mea powhiriwhiri ngākau o te pere, mutu tata oti o patu tupara i roto i te Soviet Union. No te mea o tenei, kua lagged matou i muri ona hoariri pea atu i te tau tatini. History kua toutou whiua te USSR mo tenei pohehe: i roto i te 60raa ka reira mārama e noho i te uara o te repo puhipuhi i te taumata kotahi. Rawa mārama whakapumautia reira te ohipa i roto i Haina, i muri nei kua whakahoungia te Hekeretari Tianara ana whakaaro i runga i tenei take.
Na kua whakanohoia te Kuomintang te pākahiko katoa o howitzers American roa-whānui ka anga ata ki te ahi i roto i te tuawhenua China. Hainamana me matou kaitohutohu hōia i roto i te tūranga tino tuke. i ratou pu M-46 ërä 130 mm, engari kihai i nga projectiles tae pākahiko o te hoariri noa ki te tailwind. whakaarohia e taha o nga whakaaro Soviet he ara taketake: ki te whakatutuki i te whāinga, ko reira tika noa rite kia whakamahana ake nga anga!
miharo taha e rua, engari ko angitu te fariiraa. Ua tauturu tenei take whakaohokia te whanaketanga i roto i te 1968 o ACS "hakiniti". i faataahia Ko tōna hanga tohunga Permian.
Ngā wāhanga o te Mahi
Mai te mahi e hiahiatia ana ki te whakaoti rite hohoro rite taea, kua te whanaketanga kua i roto i te rua ngā tohutohu. Kua Tohunga mahi i roto i te mara o te whaiaro-tīhokatia me pu tōia (waehere "C" me "B" aua). Ko te mana puhipuhi matua whakaritea tonu ki enei mihini ti'araa 2A36 me 2A37. He āhuatanga nui o ratou i kore anake ballistics ahurei, engari ano hoki kariri motuhake, i hanga nei e āta mo ACS "hakiniti". 152 mm - he rahi tika noa, engari torutoru iwi mohio e i roto i te Ope Soviet i kahore atu ërä paura e taea te whakamahi e enei wae whaiaro-tīhokatia.
Overview
I roto i te Perm hanga tika wae pū i roto i Yekaterinburg hangaia tahuhu, a ka whakaaro te Institute a ratou tohunga pai ki te waihanga i te tika tino mo te taua pūnaha kariri. Kua i roto i 1969, kia whakaarohia e te Komihana kōwhiringa e rua o te ACS hou i whakaarohia: i roto i te putanga conning-pourewa me pourewa. I whakaaetia te reira i te taha o te whakamutunga. I roto i te 1970, tīmataria te kāwanatanga he mahi tauine-tonu i runga i te ACS "hakiniti". I te timatanga o 1971, "te whakawa o te iwi whānui," te ërä repo tuatahi i tukuna 152 mm, engari e tika ana ki te unavailability o anga puhipuhi whakakorikoria.
Ko te waka o "hakiniti C 'ngā o rima nga tangata. I runga i te huarahi i te motokā e taea haere i kīia e ki runga, ki te 60 km / h, rahui mana ko e pā ana ki 500 kiromita. Kei te hanga te whare i te pereti patu (konumohe koranu) ki te matotoru 30 mm o e kakano ia. e kore te tenei patu Heoi whakarato i tetahi tiaki tika o te waka, ara i te pū mīhini taimaha, engari no te mea i roto i te whawhai me kia tino pai misioni ki te whakaaro i roto i te wāhi o te mīhini i runga i te whenua.
Ko tētahi atu ngoikoretanga Totonu "hakiniti C" Ko tona tere kaua iti - e kore neke atu i rima rauna ia meneti. Me kï reira e whakamana te supply o paura te ā, me reira i raro i te tātaitanga whawhai kaha e taea e ngenge, e atu te whakaiti i te tōtika o te utanga noa. Na ano - homai nga āhuatanga o toetoe Russian, ehara i te mea hauhautanga maere ki te hōia ki te whakatuwhera i te pū, e kore pourewa hipoki. Ahakoa i roto i te mata o te wā "makariri" Chechen, i reira kua take o tātaitanga hukapuri "hakiniti".
Ka taea e ngā riro he kupu whakahoki anake te meka i whakaritea tuatahi tenei i te wa o ACS whawhai "makariri". Mämä noa iho, i hangaia ai mō ngā mahi whawhai i roto i Western Europe, te wahi e uaua kitea pāmahana te hotoke i raro 7-8 degrees. Kati te ki reira haamana'o e te BMP-1, hangaia hoki te taua tikanga kahore ko te huarahi pai mohiotia i roto i Afghanistan (ahakoa no te mau tumu rerekē),.
Powerplant me te tahuhu
wehenga Engine-tuku kei roto i mua o te whare. tipu Power kanohi engine V-āhua V-59, V-āhua ki te kaha o 520 hp Ko te taa Ko e te whirihora i te reira i roto i te kotahi wahi ki te tuku e rua-awa. Wehenga mō te pū rangatira ki te matau o te pūkaha. Tonu i mua i cupola kei wāhi mahi o te rangatira o te kaiakiaki. whawhai tonu wehenga kei roto i te wahi pokapū o te whare. He anga i roto i te tāpae poutū.
Ka rite ki te whakamahia i roto i tenei tahuhu mīhini ko mau rite ki taua i whakamahia ina hanga Sau "Acacia". Mai te kōwae whaiaro-tīhokatia no ki te momo tuwhera o patu nuitia eke. tukua tenei āhuatanga ki te hanga i te reira i te motokā ahua poto. Mai Maunga i te pū "hakiniti" kua he rahi āhua iti (whanaunga ki hoa), he reira watea ki te kawe i te hau.
Tuatahi tikanga ki te pīkau i te mīhini hou hoki PKT, engari e kore tenei kōwhiringa i whāngai. I muri mai, whai wāhi reira tonu ki te kaupapa ano. Na roto i te tau 1972, i te mutunga kaupapa rite e rua "hakiniti" momo o tikanga taputapu motuhake-take o tohutohutia. Me kï reira e i te wa ano whakawhanakehia he kē ki utu kartuznymi. Heoi, e kore kua oho tenei kōwhiringa tua atu huahua. I roto i te raupapa o pū whaiaro-tīhokatia haere "hakiniti" i roto i te 1976, ka timata tonu te waiwai o nga hoia o te hangarau hou.
Whawhai "oma" te tikanga hou kei roto i Afghanistan, hoatu tonu te hōia tenei tāutanga whaiaro-tīhokatia o te rota o āhuatanga whakapati. I ngā faahiahia ratou i te poma kaha, e taea te pai te whakamahi mo te whakangaromanga o nga taiepa kaha Taliban. I roto i te tahi mau vahi, whaiaro ngoi--152-mm pū "hakiniti" riro te īngoa o "kohuru," e korerotia nei ki tona kaha whawhai.
āhuatanga pū
2A37 hoahoa pū he paerewa pretty: he putorino-wahi, te kōaro me te mangai o wahia, kahore nei e kore e waiho e taea ki te mahi ki te taua ërä faahiahia. Na roto i te ara i te korero, e pā ana te reira ki te momo o te āputa. marumaru āhua-aunoa, skalochnogo momo misalignment whakapae. whakanoho iho Pū te ki te wahia waipēhi momo damping utu te me te recuperator (whāhauhau), he āhuatanga o e ngā i roto i taua e hurihia tahi ona ipurau ki te oko. Ko te huriwhakamuri iti - 730 mm, te rahi - 950 mm.
mahi Rammer mekameka-momo i roto i te rua kaupae: tuatahi e tuku he tītere ki te kōaro, a muri iho anake ringaringa e tika ana te katoa. Faaohie i te mahi kauhoe rängai aranga, me te tahuri tikanga. tahuri ia te pu i runga i te mīhini ohie, e pūrere faaore tata wehenga nui katoa.
Ētahi āhuatanga
I roto i te pū rohe whakapae taea te piri i roto i te 30 °. Āhuatanga tuhu poutū - o -2,5 ° ki te 58 °. kiia Cannon whakangungu rakau totoka e tiaki te waka mīhini i matā, kongokonga me te ngaru ru hua i roto i te pupuhi. hanga Shield e pahaki ohie i te pepa kotahi o te patu maitai. Ano, e "hakiniti" - Sau. whakaatu Whakaahua tona haumaru iti pai. Tēnei āhuatanga o tenei tikanga, ko te tika ki te meka e mo te pakanga tika ki te hoariri e kore e tikanga.
E faahoho'ahia e D726-45 mīhini titiro ohie whakaritea ki PG-1m panorama pū mātanga. Hoki te arata'iraa i runga i nga ngā taumata ake tata, me te tino kitea hangaia riflescope OP4M-91A. pū e ata 10.800 kg.
Mōhiohio i runga i te tahuhu, me te paura
I roto i te tikanga ki te whakakotahi i te tahuhu hanga ACS 2S5 "hakiniti" i runga i te turanga kotahi rite taua o te mana aunoa 2S3 pūnaha "Acacia". Ko te take ki "Hitimi" Ka rite ki, whakanohoia te paura katoa kei roto i te tinana, engari te supply o matā ki te pū ā. I waho, i roto i te muri o te waka, eke he stabilizer pereti nui. kei reira i runga i te whenua ki te shooting, korero tāuta te pūmautanga tika.
Ko Ko te aha e kore e taea e te ACS "hakiniti" i roto i te parau tumu, kopere i runga i te nekehanga. Heoi, ko te wa paerewa ki te kawea mai otaota i haere ki te whawhai, ko te wha anake meneti, kia he tiketike rawa te whai huatanga mahi o te pūnaha mana aunoa. Tenei pū whaiaro-tīhokatia he huri mai pai, tuku kaupapa tere i runga i te parekura. Kaua e wareware ki te taputapu hanga-i roto i mo te parepare. Mā te reira, ka taea e te waka te tanu i te motokā ki te whenua i roto i te torutoru noa meneti.
kia mohio koe e mahi tuatahi rite te VOF39 tītere kariri kaimahi, i i te katoa taimaha o 80,8 kg. Hoki patu pānga reira hāngai RP-29 tiaki (46 kg), whakamahia nei e tata rima kirokaramu kaha taikaha A-IX-2. Hoihoi - he kuware (percussion) B-429. A iti i muri mai, kua hanga ngā ZVOF86 pere i te whakarite ki te RP-59 tītere kia whakamahia ai ki te patu i ngā taumata i tawhiti ki runga ki te 30 kiromita.
I roto i te kariri tikanga ngā toru matā tatini motuhake-take ka tohutohutia, a roto ia ratou i reira he momo hou o matā ki ake āhua aerodynamic, me te missiles ki mātātoa whāhoki taiaho.
"Puawai Nuclear"
I roto i te whānui, e kore e pānuitia rawa te reira i roto i to tatou press. I roto i te hauauru, kua roa paheke korerotia e ACS "hakiniti" taea te whakamahi ki te kaha warheads karihi 0.1-2 KT. Kei te mohiotia te reira e kua whakawhanakehia tenei ra tino projectiles hou ërä 152 mm i roto i to tatou whenua mo te "hakiniti". Ko tētahi o te ngā tino ko te poma tautau 3-0-13, me mahere ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake whakangotangota suggestive hoki ia. titiro te reira i anga rawa whaihua te tikanga mo te hanga o te pokanoa kaha e tino e haukoti i ranei kia taea ai mo te hikohiko hoariri.
rauhanga
Kei te hangaia tenei pū mo te tāmitanga o mahi o te pūrepo hoariri, Pukehinahina whakangaro me ētahi atu taiepa mara, whakangaro ngā pou whakahau hoariri (tae atu muri), me te ki te ārai i te patu taimaha o te hoariri. Rite tonu ki ta matou kua whakahuatia taea mātanga ahi e rua te ahi hāngai (optical), me te tūranga kati (mātanga aunoa). Ka rite ki ki ētahi atu pū, me ringa iti production kāinga, ka taea te whakamahi tōtika ACS i rangi katoa me tikanga makariri.
Rerekē pūnaha rite o tenei piha haapiiraa, pū Maunga, "hakiniti" i kore whakawhiti i roto i tetahi whenua o te Warsaw Pact. Anake i roto i te 1991, e tika ana i muri i te tiango o te Soviet Union, kua riro Finland 15 wae. Me kï reira e i reira nga raraunga i runga i te whanaketanga o te whakakapinga tika o te pūnaha mana aunoa mo matou hōia i reira, i te hoariri pea o te whanaketanga i roto i tenei rohe Kahore e mutu te. Ko te kupu, e kore matou e matau me pehea tokomaha ka ora "hakiniti". pū whaiaro-tīhokatia o tenei tauira tino ka waiho he wa tino roa i runga i to tatou ope.
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