"Smerch" (MRL): ngā me ngā whakaahua o ngā pūnaha urupare o salvo ahi

I muri i te ingoa "Katyusha" i roto i to tatou Armed Forces kua utua nga wa katoa tokanga makehe ki te pūnaha urupare o salvo ahi. E kore te mea maere tenei: he ngā utu ngāwari, ngāwari ki te hanga ratou, engari e tino pūkoro ratou, whakarite i te mate o te hōpuni me te rauemi rauemi o te hoariri i roto i tata tetahi wahi, ki nga wahi katoa i whawhai.

Ko tētahi o nga mema o te whai hua te nuinga o tenei hapu ko te pūnaha o "Smerch". MLRS Kua whakamatauria tenei wa i roto i tona tono ki te kia tino whai hua, me te patu pono.

Hoki e taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha?

"Āwhā" i hangaia mo te whakangaromanga o ngā hōia e rua hoariri, me te taimaha Armoured waka. A, no te taea te whakangaromia nga pokapū whakahau me kōrero kōpuku, me te mamao tāuta e tikanga o tenei pūnaha maina i te tawhiti o 70 km.

History o hanga

I roto i 1961 tangohia te Armed Forces o te USSR hanga i MLRS M-21, nga āhuatanga o e kore e tino makona ki te hōia Soviet. Ko Ko te aha i te mutunga o nga 1970 i roto i te SSPE "tine" i roto i te tikanga ohorere kawea atu i rangahau pūtaiao e hāngai ana ki te hanga i te pūnaha o urupare pakunga-ahi, e e whakarato i tētahi whāinga mate atu pakari mā te taputapu projectiles kaha ki te explosives tiketike.

Ka rite ki te hua, i roto i waenganui-1980 te kaupapa "Āwhā" i tonoa ki te kōmihana tohunga kāwanatanga. whakaratohia tenei MRL te tuku tītere ki te tawhiti o 70 km. A haamana'o na e i roto i te whakaritenga o te hōia ka whakaratohia te tahuhu, te whakarato pōhēhē a i runga i te whenua i te tere o te 70 km / h (waka nui).

Tīmata o production

Pūwhakarewa tākirirangi New "Smerch" whakatau i nga hiahia kī katoa, kua reira opuaraa nui no o tona cheapness o production, engari no te mea kua i roto i te 1985 i puta te ture ki te tīmata te mahi i runga i te pūnaha whakaputa rangatū. Kua i roto i 1987 ko tino oti te mahi, me te tuatahi "Āwhā" tīmata pupuhiraa tamataraa.

Early tau i muri mai, te MLRS (tango ki pūkete te whakakorenga o te tahi mau hē me kōrero) i te mutunga tūtohutia hoki ohi whenua.

Āhuatanga matua o te tauira taketake

Pūnaha ohi i te anga pere o 200 mm ërä, ngā whai hua i pehi te hoariri 20/70 km. Ko te painga nui o anga tiketike-taikaha momo ko e kore he nui i roto i te mea ähua āhuatanga whawhai tangohia i mua ki te mahi "reni" ratou mahi.

Ko te kupu, ko te whānuitanga o te hinga zalegshey (!) Hōia hoariri neke atu i 1300 mita i te putake o te pahūtanga o te tiaki. Single huriaro aroturukihia taea kawe 25 ki te 35 anga.

Ngā āhuatanga o te pūnaha tangohia e te ringa

Ahakoa katoa o nga āhuatanga mahi i runga, kihai i tino makona ki te kaha whakamate o projectiles tohunga hōia. Whakahoungia ki te marama i te whakamutunga MRL "Āwhā", e āhuatanga mahi i homai nei e raro.

Ko te kupu, kua te ërä i whakaarahia ki 300 mm taimaha nui haere ki te 815 kg anga. Akona iho taikaha he papatipu nui ake i te 250 kirokaramu. Te awhe puhipuhi tonu te taua (mōrahi - 90 km). Tenei wa kua whakaratohia te kaihoahoa kore anake aroturuki (ahanoa 123), engari ano hoki i te tahuhu moana, e hāngai ana i runga i te MAZ-543A.

Me kï reira e te MLRS 9K58 "Smerch" - ko te matatini, e ngā rave rahi wae tenei.

Ko te wāhanga matua

• 9A52-2 huriaro e hāngai ana i runga i te MAZ-543A.
• Machine mō te kawe me te uta 9T234-2.
• Anga ratou.
• pūnaha mana ahi Aunoa me te ako o "Vivarium".
• Funds mō ngā mātauranga me te whakangungu matatini.
• Car whakaturia hoki rangahau matawhenua 1T12-2M wāhi.
• 1B44 pūnaha aronga kitenga.
• Taputapu mo te hanga me te tiaki o te wahi rauemi o 9F381.

whakawhānui TTX

Ka rite ki whakahuatia i runga ake, e hāngai ana te tahuhu 9A52-2 hanga i runga i te MAZ-543A nei wira tātai - 8x8. Ko mongamonga pū, kua tito reira o ono kaiarahi, nōhanga tikanga ki pānga me fakatonutonu whakaaro, me te electromechanical me waipēhi pūrere aueue.

Tikanga whai a tahuri taea unga projectiles i te koki o 5-55 nekehanga. arata'iraa Whakapae - i roto i te whānuitanga o te 30 nekehanga ki ia taha. Ko te nuinga o rerekē i taua o "Hurricane", e whakawhāiti te arata'iraa whakapae tenei urupare pūnaha "Smerch" - te taua 30 nekehanga (15 nekehanga ki te taha). Ki he eu tatūnga i roto i te pupuhi, i roto i te wahi muri e rua abutment waipēhi aia ki te tūranga ā tuatahi.

Ko hoki He painga o te matatini te meka e taea te kawea tika missiles ki te huapae. Homai te meka i rite rawa te tahuhu o te mīhini i te pūrere moemoea i te po, me te teihana reo irirangi-kounga tiketike, e kore e ara te po transportation tohu fifi motuhake.

Mōhiohio i runga i te huapae

kaiarahi Sami hanga i roto i te puka o putorino matotoru-taiepa, i roto i nei te taiepa i te haehae helical, hoki nei i te wa o te hua koperea Piri titi tiaki urupare. Tenei pine Ko te tairitenga o te rifling i te kahiwi o ringa iti, rite huinga vector hiahiatia tītere.

Kei te mau whakaritea katoa kete tereina i runga i te āhua tapawhā pouraka. Ki te rua semiaxes, te hono nei i te reira ki te mīhini runga, kia piri tenei turanga i te ūnga tika i te tikanga o tikanga Rotary.

I tiaki ara tomu'a puritia e te stabilizer kume-iho (rite i roto i te matā RPG). launchers maha tākirirangi "Smerch" kotahi te wā anake e hipokina neke atu i te 67 heketea!

Nuinga o ngā wā, whakahaere pupuhi te i te tūranga kati. Pea te mana ahi tika i te kapa. Tātaitanga o te matatini ngā wha iwi i roto i te rangimarie me te ono - i roto i te pakanga. whakaritea BM rangatira, he hōia pū, me te taraiwa. Tau o nga tangata te taviniraa mea rerekē.

He iti e pā ana ki projectiles

Kaua e amo e "Smerch" projectiles he tiaki taikaha teitei banal. Kei te whakamahia te reira i teie nei e te neke atu i te tatini o ratou momo, me kei te whakawhanakehia tonu momo hou.

Ko te tītere tino whakamahia nuitia tikanga taikaha 9M55F. Ko te wahi upoko - e kore e taimaha katoa o te taikaha nui 100 kg. Whakamahia hoki te maimoatanga o parepare matatau ki te whawhai hōia zalegshey me te whakangaromanga o te marama waka Armoured i runga i te haere.

Rawa mo te whakangaromanga o ope hoariri i whakawhanakehia 9M55K tauira. I te matenga o ia tītere 72 roto e te huānga vahe'i (2 manokaramu ia), me submunitions taikaha. 10-12 o enei utu anake e kia nui ki te whakangaro rawa te kamupene hōia paerewa.

I te anga ke, rawa hoki whawhai waka Armoured (tae atu ki ngā tāke taimaha) i whakawhanakehia anga 9M55K1. Ko te upoko te wahi, ko te rima rauna ki aunoa whai. Ki te whakamahia te pūnaha whawhai "Smerch" ko rite te "kirehe mohoao o tāke", mo oti te whakangaromanga o te kamupene tank (!) Aita te pakunga kotahi-wā noa wha waka.

Ētahi atu pūhanga

Ko te wahi tītaka o te mīhini i roto i tona pūrere tino matatini. Ko tōna hoahoa ngā nekeneke heamana, tārere, aranga ki, me te tikanga paremata he tikanga, me te he tikanga arata'iraa me te ārahitanga wāhi mahi kaiwhakahaere ā-. tikanga nui maukati (tae atu hoki e nekeneke waipēhi), i runga i nei tei tika te nuinga. Compensation tikanga ngā te rua o tutaki torsion me pu.

I roto i te whānui, i te MLRS "Smerch", e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga, ka whai wāhi ki te ahi pakunga kikī catastrophic, kia ai te āhua o tikanga e vai tei kore tika anake, engari ano hoki te haumarutanga o te tātai katoa.

I roto i te aratau noa mō te whai aratohu whakamahia i runga i ūnga puku hurihiko. Ki te kore te huarahi e mono ranei, i reira te mea he puku ā. A, no te neke e kiia nga wahi hurihuri katoa ki maukati poraka. I tua atu, i te pairati whakahaeretia Taki takirere rocker nui relieves te matatini katoa ina te shooting.

Ko te hanganga o te wae kitenga ngā o te D726-45 titiro tamatahia, me te pai-tamatahia. Koki whanganga pūrere ko te panorama repo kaimahi tikanga PG-1m.

E whakarato ana matatini "Twister"?

• haumarutanga tātaitanga tonu, e hanga ana e ia taea ki te whakahaere e rua whawhai me te shooting whakangungu.
• Taea o launchers tākirirangi kotahi, me te maha. Ki te mahia salvo hit, na nga anga katoa haere atu i roto i te 38 hēkona. He rerekē i te tahi atu ona ritenga, e rapu utu wa ake mo te shooting tenei urupare "Smerch" Artillery.
• Ki te reira te mea he ati o te tātai i te shooting kaipupuhi ranei whakararuraru ahi hoariri, ngā reira he whai wāhi ki te whakahaere i te ahi i te whakaruru, kei i te tawhiti o te 60 mita i te mīhini.
• tārite Neke atu i te hawhe o nga wae mana te. Ahakoa i roto i te take o te kore o ngā āhuatanga taketake taea te piri ki te whai me te kopere ā.

Ētahi atu e taea

Mai i tangohia te matatini ngā tata (i roto i te 1987), i te wa nei, tona tango i production te kore te whakamahere. Ano, i tenei ra, whakawhanakehia e rave rahi hōtaka mo te ao hou, o patu ngā i roto i te "Āwhā".

Na, ko reira i roto i te anga o tenei hōtaka ko te pūnaha mana ahi aunoa "Vivarium" matatini, ahakoa i whakapumautia ai "skit" whakarara whakamahia i roto i te MLRS "Uragan".

I ngā wā, kua tangohia to matou kaihoahoa tiaki o te mahi parakore o ngā pūnaha katoa i roto i nga tikanga makariri e kia tūpono ai i runga i te rohe katoa o te mua Soviet Union. Ko te kupu, te whakamahi kia pūnaha pakunga ahi "Twister" i te pāmahana o i -50 ki +45 degrees.

Hoki tenei ra, ka taea e āta kite i te whawhai ngā matatini te whāinga, ara i roto i te ngaro o te mua tukuna e tona takenga e tika ana ranei ki te hōia pū. Ko te meka e (i roto i te hanganga ture ki tonu ki te hōtaka o te whakahoutanga ki te 2020) taputapu whakahoutia "Āwhā" mahi pai ki te arata'iraa o waka irirangi unmanned, e e inaianei riro hoki ki mahi o to tatou Armed Forces.

Ko te taua pā ki ētahi atu arata'iraa ACS, e te hunga i roto i te mahi i raro i te whanaketanga ranei kua. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā āhuatanga whawhai, ngā taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha arata'iraa "Hurricane" ranei "Grad". I roto i te whānui, i te "Āwhā" - MRL maere "kirihou", me whakarato tenei te whanui maere o taea o tona whakamahi.

Ko te tikanga o te whakamahi whawhai

Ka rite ki i roto i te tahi atu te wā katoa, te whakamahi o tenei pūnaha ko ko tino kaimahi ki te tikanga motuhake o te Tūtohinga urupare ahi pakunga.

Tuatahi, me kia riro te kupu waka MLRS ropu tinei tūemi mōhiohio e pā ana ki te hoariri, kia rite ki te pai kia rite ki te wahi o tona raruraru. I runga i te pūtake o ngā mōhiohio hanga te tātaitanga o te ahunga o te pānga. Tīpakohia te momo o paura, te kiato o te ahi, me te tona whakarerekētanga i runga i ngā āhuatanga i runga i te whenua rānei. I muri i taua, haere te mōhiohio katoa e ki te pou whakahau o te wehenga, i nei kua tīpakohia mo te otinga o te misioni hāngai.

I muri i tenei whakahau te ako hanganga nga kitenga, e pā ana ratou ki nga rauemi e wātea ana. Hoatu e te "Āwhā" - pūnaha jet, titau hoki tona mahi he tūranga tika tuwhera, me te hauangi, pera i roto i nga whenua kaha ngahere maunga ranei, e kore ai projectiles whakarewanga kia haumaru hoki te ngā.

Kei te ka tuku mōhiohio ki te rangatira o te wae e he kawenga mō te whawhai i runga i te tūranga hoariri.

Kua tukatuka nga raraunga tuku i roto i te tikanga i te rorohiko "Smerch" pākahiko (ono waka). tupu aunoa mea katoa, no te mea kua toutou kitea te hōia i e tenei huarahi tino whakanuia ana te tōtika o te ahi. I tua atu, rau o nga wa na whakaiti i te wa e hiahiatia ana ki te kawe i te matatini ki te tūranga puhipuhi.

i muri tonu i taua, i nga wae e tatari mo te tikanga ki te whakatuwhera i te ahi i runga i te tūranga hoariri.

Ko te aha te "Āwhā". whakamatauria MLRS tenei kua ki te hei patu Koinei whai hua, me te pono, a na reira tu i tenei ra i roto i te mahi ki pinepine o whenua i roto i te ao. E tonu e wātea ana i roto i to tatou ropu ake ona kōwhiringa tenei ra.