Soviet locomotive mainline pāhihi IS: hītori, ngā āhuatanga hangarau

1937 Ko te rohe mo Paris no o te Ao Expo tango wahi i reira. "Rapu" (ingoa aroha o te locomotive pāhihi "Iosif Stalin") ka ia Prix Grand. I taua wa ko reira te locomotive kaha tino i roto i Europe. Ka rite ki taua kua noho te reira i roto i te aamu o te locomotive steam Soviet.

Mua o te wā

Steam Engine ko te putanga pāhihi o te rakau kua ngā utanga mamaoa "Pirika Dzerzhinsky", hangaia i 1931 ki te 1941 i te locomotive tipu Lugansk. I hanga te reira no te mea o nui haere ngā wā e rave rahi te rōrahi o te rerekē haere - ko i te whenua ahumahi. ko Steam Engine o momo 1-4-2. Eaha te auraa? Ko ia te auri peia 4, he Muller me te 2 tautoko i roto i te tāpare mārō. I te IS20-241 tauira i te aroaro ki Fair o te Ao. puta loto whakaaro - tenei locomotive mua o tona wa.

Ko te locomotive katoa-hou

Na roto i te timatanga o te hanga o tenei merekara o te hangarau kua whakapumautia i roto i te locomotives kaha United States mō te pāhihi waka - "Mountain," "Hudson" me "Lokovanna". Ko te taua tātai axial rite ICS, i te kawe utanga American Te Tai Tokerau Berkchir. Ko te mea faufaa rerekē i roto i te tahi mau tuhaa i te locomotive Soviet hangaia mō te taimaha waka mēra me te pāhihi i runga i tawhiti roa, neke i te tere puhoi i runga i ara taimaha pērā i "2a".

tikanga whakahauanga

kihai Steam Engine i haere mai i roto o wahi. tīmata locomotive korohū Soviet ki te whakawhanake ki te 20-doma o te rau tau whakamutunga. Homai te wheako putu i roto i te Kolomna kaupapa tipu locomotive "Mikado" i hanga i roto i te 1929. Otiia kihai i te kaupapa whakatinana, me te i roto i 1931 ka anga ki te waihanga i tētahi locomotive atu kaha. Ko tētahi o nga whakaritenga matua ko te interchangeability mōrahi o ngā wāhanga ki te raupapa engine mamaoa "Pirika Dzerzhinsky". I tua atu, ko te Engine Steam ki te whai te pamu, 50% ki runga ake i roto i te momo steam rakau SU, ranei "whakarei Sormovo" ( "maroke"), whakaputaina i roto i te 1924.

Na nui atu mahere

I roto i te Hui-tanguru, i hoatu te huahua ki te Central Bureau o locomotive mo te hoahoa taipitopito, me i April oti te tātai. nui Whāinga i - te whakahaere i te kaihoahoa ki te kia whakawhiti ki PD e kore anake te rango, kōhua, uehā-pouaka, kakau, me te tahi atu wahi, i hanga e ratou i te reira taea ki te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te puna whakatārewatanga (he pūnaha mō te huri i te Bodywork). I roto i April, te whanaketanga o te taka i te tipu tari hoahoa locomotive i Kolomna, e, ki te whai wāhitanga o te hinonga Izhora i te timatanga o Oketopa 1932 whakaputaina te locomotive tuatahi.

Neke atu i te mahi faahiahia

Na roto i te mutunga o Hakihea tenei tau, i huihui ai te locomotive tuarua. Kei te whakamätauria hoki katoa 1933 tenei tauira i roto i te toru rerewē - tonga, Catherine me Oketopa. Te mana toharite, i whakakitea he locomotive o 2,500 HP, a kotahi i runga i te ara o te 8% i roto i te rohe "Moscow Bologoe" tae i te reira 3400 hp Ko te tau waenga he neke atu i te rua ngā wā (whakaritea 50 anake%) nui te kaha o "whakamaroke". Kua te nui i roto i Europe a kua akina te kōhua (80 kg / m ² • h), i nui noa te record "FD" (65 kg / m ² • h).

Kakahuria iho awa

I te Congress rōpū muri, puritia i roto i te 1934, ko reira he whakatau nui - Steam raupapa Engine ( "Iosif Stalin") i roto i te whai, i kia kia tuarua o nga mahere-tau e rima te rerewē pāhihi matua i roto i te papa o te whenua. Ko Kolomna wheketere kihai i whai mana, rere koutou ki te rere papatipu o taua locomotives. Na roto i te mutunga o 1935, i tukua e ratou e ono anake. Heoi, hanga i roto i te wheketere tipu hou o te 1927-1931 Voroshilov mīhini taea homai te rere o te tuku o te locomotives ki ipurau poraka, me te tapawha papa.

Ahakoa pai, atu ataahua

kotahi hoki anake i roto i te 1936 i tukua ai 3 locomotive. Kua ētahi kōrero whakaritea ki Kolomna pūkaha mamaoa kua pai ake, hei tauira, enei mīhini i te ngawari 6-uehā hei utu o 4-uehā, i vai na i roto i te ono o mua. hei te wai ngawari i haumaru me te ake elongated āhua, e whakapiki i te ahua o te pūkaha me te tereina katoa. A i te tau 1937 i te tipu mā te pāwhiri i runga i te hanga nui-tauine, hua 105 locomotives. Te nuinga o te katoa, 174 mongamonga, i tukua i roto i te tau 1940, i mua i timata te whawhai i roto i 1941, kua 81 locomotive. I oti steam pūkaha whakamutunga o tenei raupapa hanga i roto i Ulan-ude i 1942. locomotives Tapeke "Iosif Stalin" i tukua 649 wae.

tauira whakamātau

I te tau 1937, i hanga te Engine Steam hei whakamātau 20 16. i faired te tauira. titiro koe i te locomotive me whakaae ki te iwi e ui aha, hanga enei mihini mātanga hoki i roto i 1937, i teie nei te whenua hoko i ta ratou faitatau ki waho? Ko te atu na te mea noa i roto i 1930, kua kawea i roto i te rerenga hau i roto i whakamātautau whānui o te pūkaha i roto i te whare kaunuku. Ka rite ki te hua, i kitea te reira i roto i taua whakawhetai ki te kaha o te puka e taea e koe te riro 200-250 hp, ka nui haere tere. Ko te locomotive o tenei puka ki wira kōpae taea te whakawhanake i te reira ki runga ki te 160 km / h, i te wa i nei te record tūturu. Waho, ko ia rawa, rawa rerehua.

kaimahi Soviet

Ko te fare i te mutunga o te locomotive korohū. Ngawari ia te wha i runga i rua bogies. rawa IC locomotive i ki wahia Westinghouse. kia tapiritia ai te reira e ko te kōhua he firebox whanui, i te mea i runga i te anga, me te i American-kāhua haehae tuanui me te ruma ngingiha. whakaaro hangarau semeio Soviet ko te Engine Steam 20 16 nei ngā i na tino kihai i e hāngai ki te rori. Tereina, arahina e taua engines, tuku ki roto i Soviet wā karere. ngā Taipitopito, maiohatia e te hunga mohio, he whānui te wātea.

te tahi mau raraunga

Ka taea e anake tetahi mōhio e te locomotive "Iosif Stalin" i whitu titaha. O enei, i ārahi wha. PD i te pūkaha, rite whakahuatia i runga ake, ka whakanuia e ia i te tātai wira. He rite ki te 133 toni tona papatipu, te papatipu hononga 88 m, tere toharite - 100-115 km / h. E whakahaeretia ēnei locomotives ki superheated mamaoa me te mīhini e rua-puoto kaupae ohie.

Whakapehapeha engineering - IS locomotive - whakaaturia i roto i te toru pane Soviet. He kiriata Soviet rongonui tukua i muri i te pakanga ( "haere te tereina ki te rawhiti"), ko tenei locomotive i te whāiti.