Taumata o te matauranga oraraa totiare

E whakawhanake te nuinga pāpori tikanga Modern i roto i ngā wāhi taketake, me te tono. Ko te taumata taketake o te matauranga oraraa totiare tenei. huaina te taumata tuatahi te atu whānui ariā. I tenei taumata, whakawhanakehia te take taumauri o te whanaketanga me te mahi o te hapori, me te takitahi e whakaritea e te taputapu categorical me te ariā o pāpori, tikanga rangahau o ngā tukanga pāpori me ngā tītohunga, e faatiti'aifarohia pātai āhuatanga me te ake.

Ko reira mārama e kore ko etahi o nga ariā ariā mō te whanaketanga tonu o te matauranga oraraa totiare nui, me hāngai ki runga ki tika, ngā mōhiohio motuhake, te meka e whakatu te mauri o te tukanga o te panoni i roto i te hapori hou. Ko te kupu, whakakiia nga taumata o te matauranga oraraa totiare i tetahi atu - tëtehi. I tenei taumata, i roto i nga tikanga ā, me te tangata e kohia ngā meka, ngā mōhiohio, raraunga, whakaaro o ngä nei e te mau melo o hapori rerekē, me o ratou tukatuka muri, me te tikanga.

rangahau hōhonu e dialectically hono me ngā ariā oraraa totiare whānui, no te mea e kore e tautokona te ariā i ngā meka raima, riro te reira horihori, te ora-kore, a kahore te te mahi e pā ana ki te whakatau ariā, e kore e taea te whakamārama i te ngako o nga ari tupu i roto i te hapori.

Ki te whanaketanga o tikanga ā, me te tangata nui haere ngā whakaritenga mo te otinga i runga i te taumata mahi o raruraru pāpori, ki te hiahia ako me te whakamārama ariā o ari pāpori. Heoi, rangahau taketake kore kua taea e ki te tono ratou taputapu ariā mō te ako o ngā ariā rawa rerekē rite "kāwanatanga", "Fāmilí", "whanonga Deviant", "ekspektatsii" me etahi atu. Ka rite ki te hua, ka anga matou ki te hei maharatanga hapanga i waenganui i ngā tauira ariā, me te rangahau hōhonu.

kihai i taea e ngā taumata o te matauranga oraraa totiare whakamārama maha ari pāpori me ngā tītohunga, ko tenei raruraru i te mutunga faatiti'aifarohia e te hanganga o ano tetahi atu rōpū o ariā, e te hunga kua huaina "ariā taumata waenganui". whakaurua te wā R.Merton. Enei ariā tango te wahi i waenganui i te ariā ariā whānui me ngā mahi hōhonu. I roto i te pūtaiao hou, pāpori me te tangata, hei ratou wahi o te täoro o ngā taumata pūtaiao, me te pararopi i kō atu o te matauranga oraraa totiare.

Scientists, whakapono kaipūtaiao pāpori e te putanga o nga ariā taumata-waenganui homai he maha o ngā painga, te nuinga nui o e taea te whakaaro:

- te kaha ki te hanga i tētahi pūtake ariā kaha mo te ako o te ao ngā o te mahi a te tangata, kahore te whakamahi o cumbersome me ētahi wā rawa matatini: te ariā taketake;

- he pāhekoheko kaha ki te ora mahi o takitahi me ngā rōpū pāpori;

- whai wāhitanga rangahau whakaaturanga mō pūtaiao me tohunga i te tahi atu mara o te matauranga.

Scientists tautuhi te whai ake āhuatanga o oraraa totiare matauranga:

• hinengaro, arā, i roto i te rironga o te mōhiohio hou i runga i te whānui o ao o te ora momo, i runga i nga ara taea o te whanaketanga pāpori;
• mahi, e ngā i roto i te meka e hanga taea reira e kore anake ki te ako i te mooni pāpori, engari kua hoki te kaha whakahaere mohio o nga ture o te whanaketanga pāpori me te tangata;
• whakahaere āhuatanga e taea ai e koe te whakaiti i mānukanuka pāpori i roto i te hapori;
• Māoritanga, arā, i roto i te meka e te raraunga pūtaiao whiwhi (matauranga) Ka taea te whakamahi ki te whakaputa orientations nui, tauira o te whanonga, etahi otaota pai;
• futurological, e ngā i roto i faaineine i te ara ka taea o te whanaketanga o ngā tukanga pāpori me ngā whanaketanga pāpori.