Taupori me tikanga tauanga o te rangahau. Ko te ako o te iranga o te tikanga taupori-tauanga?

Tauira o te tupu o ngā āhuatanga rerekē i roto i te tinana tangata tūhura te peka o te koiora - iranga tangata. he whanaunga tata te reira ki te Pātukitukinga, rongoā, te taiao, me te e hangaia ki te whakaoti i te raruraru o te kite me te tātaritanga wawe o pathologies, meinga e hape i roto i te puna ira o ngā taupori tangata - pūira, iranga, me te irakētanga genomic. Taupori me tikanga tauanga, ko tetahi o te ahua tino kï o te kite me te matapae o syndromes - tuku mate tangata, ako ai, a ka kia oti rawa ki tenei tuhinga.

Āhuatanga o te tikanga tono

Genetics Medical i roto i tona mahi haere ki ngā momo o te tangata taputapu rangahau pūira, te tuhi raraunga o te pūtaiao tangohia, tatauranga, me te rongoā haumanu. Ko kahore aituā te pūtake ariā o te iranga taupori me ona ture i whakatakoto ki te awhina o tātari pāngarau. whakamahia taupori-tauanga tikanga te kore anake ki te tāutu i abnormalities ira, engari ano hoki ki te whakatau i te auau o te takanga o ira tukulotoa enei disorders rite te huru ngoikore iraruarite, me (atu noa), e kore iraruakē faaite mai te puka tohuāhua.

Ko te ariā o te taupori

Hei tāuta i te tauira pāngarau o te tohatoha o ngā āhuatanga tuku motuhake i roto i te puna ira, haere iranga ki te ariā o te taupori tangata. He aha ngā tikanga e te nuinga i roto i te tono i te pūtaiao hou ki te ako i te reira? He aha e te toru tino nui:

1. tikanga Taupori-tauanga.

2. Genealogical.

3. Twin.

I raro i te puna ira mahino ngā tohuira o te iwi katoa e noho ana i roto i te wahi i homai. kia te taupori o te whenua katoa tenei, he iwi ngā ranei rōpū tangata e ora nui i roto i te noho wehe, hei tauira, ngaro noho o te kainga i roto i nga maunga o Afghanistan te iwi i roto i te uru raau Amazon ranei.

Ko te kiripuaki tohuira o te taupori tomo te huinga o ira katoa me tohu waho o ona takitahi. Taupori me tikanga tauanga o te rangahau tono ki te ako o e rua abnormalities katea, me te hunga e whai he puka whakapapa taa ê o te whakaatu.

puta te rōpū tuatahi rite ki te hua o-a teratogens. Ko te tahi atu rōpū ngā he rārangi whānui o kōhikohiko, e pūnahanaha tuhia i roto i te utuafare ngā, iwi, iwi, hoki o te wā, he wā ka makona ratou roa. Hei tauira, polydactyly, matapo, hemophilia. Hei ako i te huarahi o te tuku o pathological āhuatanga tuku te whakahaere enei mate populjatsionno whakamahia tikanga tauanga.

Āhuatanga e pa ana i te ahua o te mate ki te predisposition ira

whakamatauria Medicine āhua multifactorial (e rua ira, me te taiao) pathologies e faaite mai ratou i roto i te maha o te maha whakatupuranga tangata. tātari ira titau o takawhita, momo ahau mate huka, huangō, tuakoi, me ētahi atu mate ki predisposition tuku he ako o nga mano o tenei hapu.

I roto i te iranga tauanga ia take populjatsionno taea ki te kitea te taumata o tauhohe tangata rōpū o te pānga o ngā āhuatanga taiao (radiation microelement hanganga o inu wai, āhuarangi) me te whakatau i te tini o ira e tautuhi reira tikanga ko.

E pā ana mate tangata ki heterogeneity ira o te taupori

He aha ngā hua homai he tātaritanga whakatairite o te rōpū iwi rerekē e noho i roto i te āhuatanga taiao taua? Rerekē i roto i te whakautu ki taua taupori take abiotic rite he tohu o to ratou heterogeneity ira.

Kua whakaaturia haumanu, te utuafare, me te taupori tikanga tauanga mo te ako o te iranga tangata e te taumata o te whakakitenga o te mate i roto i te mau utuafare he rite ki tona auau o tupu i roto i te taupori. E whakamahia ratou i roto i te ako o te rūmātiki ira predisposition, mate pāwera, me te rite i roto i te rangahau haumanu o te taupori pāngia e te mate multifactorial: sclerosis maha, Alzheimer o, autism.

tika Mathematical o tupu

I mua i whakaaro nga iranga ngā o taupori tangata, ako matou tona anga ariā aroaro i roto i te puka o te ture pāngarau. Ko tōna ngako ko e whai ake: Ka taea te tātai te auau o ngā tohuira rite ki tetahi o nga ira mā te whakamahi i te whārite o te moni tapawha o ngā tau e rua. Heoi, me kia feunga nui tenei taupori, e kore e taea e te mea ira tere, me te kōwhiringa tūturu ope, me te kahui puta māhorahora.

Hoatu tikanga taupori-tauanga mō te ako iranga tangata me nga hua o ngā kitenga haumanu, he reira taea ki te matapae i te auau o te faaiteraa tohuāhua o ira hapa, me te tūponotanga o ia i te tamaiti ki te māuiuitanga.

Me pēhea te ki te tātai i te tūponotanga o te mate

Tenei ko te tauira o te tupu o te phenylketonuria - mate ira, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te tiri takahi waikawa amino faufaa phenylalanine. I roto i te taupori o tangata Pākehā rerekē ira takanga auau f ko 1: 10,000 tūroro e iraruarite ff tohuira ngoikore.

Mā te whakamahi i te kaha taupori-tatauranga tikanga, me tātaitanga pāngarau, he reira taea ki te whakaturia te auautanga o te ira rerekē. Ko reira rite ki te 0.01. Na ka faaite te tūponotanga o huaira i te tohuāhua, he 0.99. No reira, te kawe o te ira ngoikore, he te tohuira FF, riro 0.02. Ko, i roto i tenei taupori āhua 2% o te iwi i noho i roto i to ratou tohuira ira ngoikore mō phenylketonuria.

Ka rite ki kite tatou, whakamahia te tikanga taupori-tauanga ki te tātai i te auautanga ira taupori panmictic kawenga mō te faaiteraa o pathologies tuku.

Āhuatanga o ngā taupori tangata

Ko te whanaketanga o te ao tangata, hanga he taxon koiora, e taea te māngai rite te whanaketanga o ngā hapori takitahi, o te wā he wā roa e noho ana i roto i te taiao tikanga ōrite. ngā ratou tawhā climatogeographic rite, he ara kotahi o te kai, tukumate noa.

whai wāhi tenei katoa ki te whakatōpū i roto i te puna ira o ngā taupori o ngā rōpū o ngā irarā noa me takirua i roto i nga tīmatanga o anthropogenesis ko te pūtake mo te mahi o ngā momo tuku o te rerekētanga me te kōwhiringa tūturu.

Ko te ako o iranga o te taupori me te tikanga tauanga inaianei? Tuatahi o te katoa, te reira pānga i runga i akina atu e te genome tangata wehe o te mau faaipoiporaa e pā ana tata, kinonga taiao. arahina ratou ki te poka wai ira o te tangata paunatia iho e ira rerekē ka meinga te hanga o te kōrero hauora-ira o te whatunga whānui hangaia ki te tāutu i predisposition ira ki te whakakitenga o tini o nga mate.