Te pokapū io: te āhuatanga me ngā momo

Ko te pūnaha io whai wāhi matua i roto i te whakarite i te tapatahi o te rauropi, me te tona ture. E kawea ēnei tukanga matatini kikokiko, me te whaiaroaro, tae atu i te CNS (pūnaha io pokapū). E ia he ingoa - te pokapū io. Āhuatanga e te āhuatanga reira e: occlusion, te tauturu pokapū, te auau huringa. Ka ratou me te torutoru ētahi atu e torotoro i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Ko te ariā o te pokapū karere me ona āhuatanga

I mua, kua tāutuhia e matou te mahi matua o te pūnaha io - tuitui. Ko reira taea hoki o te hanganga o te roro, me te ua. Hei tauira, pokapū romahā karere o nei āhuatanga - innervation romahā (inspiratory me expiratory). Kei roto i te wha o te mānawanawa, i roto i te hanganga reticular (medulla oblongata). E ai ki te rangahau i te N. A. Mislavskogo, ngā reira o nga wahi symmetrically whakanohoia kawenga mo te inhalation me launoa.

I roto i te rohe o runga o te pnevmotaksichesky Pons e wehea, e regulates nga wahi kua kiia ake me ngā hanganga o te roro te kawenga mō ngā nekehanga romahā. Ko te kupu, nga āhuatanga whānui o te pokapū karere whakarato ture o nga mahi whaiaroaro o te tinana: mahi Cardiovascular, papī, te whakahātanga me te nakunaku.

Ko te ariā o te localization hihiri o ngā mahi I. P. Pavlova

E ai ki te ariā o te kaiputaiao, he mahi pūpū kaua ohie i roto i te uho me i roto i te ua rohe pahoho. tukanga matatini pērā i mahara, te reo, whakaaro, e pā ana ki etahi wāhi o te roro, me te ko te hua o ngā mahi integrative o tokomaha o ana ngā wāhi. Ko te āhuatanga whaiaroaro o te pokapū karere, me te meinga te hanganga o nga tukanga taketake o te mahi teitei io. I roto i te Neuroscience, i te wāhi kikokiko o te tirohanga, ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha io pokapū, arā, o ngā wāhanga o te neurons afferent me efferent e ka mohiotia rite te pokapū io. E whakaaro ratou he kaiputaiao Russian P. K. Anohin hanga pūnaha mahi (neurons feohi e mahi mahi rite, me e taea kitea i roto i ngā wāhanga ngā o te pūnaha io pokapū).

excitation irradiation

Tonu ki te ako i ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā pokapū karere i roto i te puka o te mutu whakatö o rua tukanga nui e puta i roto i te kiko io - te excitation me inhibition. Kei te karangatia e te reira i irradiation. Ki te mahuetanga te kaha o te faaitoitoraa me te wā o te mana ponana karere nui neurocytes-titaha, me te neurons. ngā ratou te afferent me efferent neurocytes, meinga tonu o arcs pūpū.

A feruri i inhibition (rite rawa pokapū io) i roto i te taipitopito atu. hanganga Reticular o te roro whakarato e rua irradiation me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te pokapū karere. whakamārama Physiology nga take mō te rāhui ārai i te horapa o te excitation ranei. Hei tauira, te aroaro o synapses inhibitory me neurocytes. Ēnei ngā hanganga i mahi tiaki nui, reira whakaiti i te mōrea o overdriving o uaua kōhiwi ahei ki te neke i roto i te huru pakū noa.

I muri whakaaro te irradiation excitation, he mea e tika ana ki te haamana'o i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei o te pana io. E turai te reira anake e centripetal ki neuron turai (mo te dvuhneyronnoy, pewa pūpū). Ki te he matatini atu te pūpū, kua hanga e te roro ua ranei interneurons - ngā pūtau io intercalary. tango ratou i te oaoa o te afferent neurocyte me ka tuku ai ki te pūkaha ngā pūtau io. I roto i te synapses bioelectric ngātere unidirectional rite neke ratou i te membrane presynaptic tuatahi o te pūtau io, ake nei i roto i te kapiti synaptic, a i reira - i roto i te membrane postsynaptic o tetahi neurocyte.

Aofangatuku o ponana karere

tonu tatou ki te ako i te āhuatanga o te pokapū karere. Whaiaroaro o te roro matua me te ua, he te manga tino nui, me te matatini o te rongoā, ako te kawenga o te excitation roto i te kohinga o neurons e mahi mahi noa. kia kia te pae tino e aore mokowā aofangatuku - ratou āhuatanga. I roto i te wā e rua, nga ponana karere ngoikore meinga e akiaki huna ana e tapiritia (ako). arata'i tenei ki te tuku nui o ngā rāpoi ngota o te acetylcholine tetahi neurotransmitter, e mahia ranei te pūmanawa mahi i roto i neurocytes.

auau panoni

E pā ana tēnei wāhanga ki te huringa i roto i te auau excitation, e haere i roto i te neurons complexes CNS. I roto i te tukanga e tohu āhuatanga o pokapū karere - te ngātere auau panoni e kia puta tika ki te tohatoha o te excitation mo te maha neurons tukanga roa e hanga i te wāhi whakapā i runga i tetahi pūtau io (huringa improver). Ki te reira te mea he neuron kotahi i roto i te pūmanawa mahi rite ki te hua o te aofangatuku o excitation pūmanawa postsynaptic - korero e pā ana ki tukupu te auau panoni.

Hahiraa me pūtahitanga excitation

Ko ratou tukanga kōtuitui o e tohu nga āhuatanga o te pokapū karere. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i te neuron wā kotahi e tango te ngātere i te analyzers ngā receptors mahi ruruku kahuki: ataata, olfactory me kiri-uaua tūtohutanga. I roto i ngā pūtau io, kua tātarihia ratou, ka whakarāpopoto i te moe, bioelectric. Ko te hunga, i roto i te tahuri, whakawhiti ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te reticular roro hanganga. huaina ana tēnei tukanga nui te pūtahitanga.

Heoi, e tango ia neuron ponana kore anake i te tahi atu pūtau, engari ano hoki nga puka synapses ki neurocytes tata. Tenei āhuatanga o ź. whakarato āhuatanga rua te horapa o excitation i te CNS. Ko te kupu, he fakakātoa 'o te karere o te roro me ngā pūtau ua e mahi mahi noa - ko te pokapū karere, nga āhuatanga o e whakaaro tatou. E whakarato ana ture o whēkau me ngā pūnaha o te tinana tangata katoa.

mahi papamuri

āhuatanga whaiaroaro o pokapū karere, tetahi o e pā ana noa, i.e. te hanganga o te papamuri ngātere hiko neurons, hei tauira, te romahā ranei pokapū kūnatu, e tika ana ki te peculiarities o te hanganga iho o te kiko io. Ko reira, e nehenehe o te whaiaro whakatupuranga-o tukanga bioelectric o excitation ara i roto i te ngaro o te tika whakaohooho. Ko reira e tika ana ki te hahiraa me te pūtahitanga o te excitation, whakaaro mua, riro neurocytes ponana i te pokapū karere o te Relations postsynaptic oaoa taua hanganga reticular o te roro.

kia meinga mahi noa e microdoses acetylcholine tomo te neuron i te kapiti synaptic. Pūtahitanga, hahiraa, te mahi papamuri, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te pokapū karere me o ratou āhuatanga whakawhirinaki tika i runga i te taumata pākia i roto i neurocytes me i glia.

excitation Types aofangatuku

i whakaaro ratou i roto i nga mahi o ahau M. Sechenova, ko wai whakamatauria e taea pūpū meinga e rave rahi ngoikore (huna ana) whakaohooho, e maha nui he i te pokapū io. Ko te āhuatanga o ona pūtau, ara te awhina pokapū me occlusion, a ka kia whakaaro e tatou atu.

Ki te whakaongaonga tukutahi o nga tukanga centripetal he nui atu te moni tauhanga o tōpana whakaohooho mahi i runga i ia o enei muka te whakautu. mohiotia ana tēnei taonga te rite te tanga pokapū. Ki te nga nanamu mahi pessimal, ahakoa o ratou kaha me te auautanga, ai te hekenga i roto i te whakautu - he occlusion. Ko reira te kōaro o te aofangatuku o te taonga excitation me te whakaiti i te kaha o ponana karere. Ko te kupu, nga āhuatanga o pokapū karere - te occlusion te tauturu pokapū - whakawhirinaki i runga i te hanganga o te taputapu synaptic titoa o te paepae (pokapū) rohe me te subthreshold (piringa) awhi.

Ngenge o te kiko manavasii o tona tūranga

Ko te whaiaroaro o te pokapū io, kua ako te whakamāramatanga, momo me ngā āhuatanga mua me complexes tūturu i roto i neurons e kia oti ki te kore tatou i whakaaro he mea pēnei i te rohirohi. pokapū io takoha ki te tika i roto i ano raupapa tonu o ngātere, whakarato i te āhuatanga pūpū o te pūnaha pokapū io. Ka rite ki te hua o ngā tukanga pūkoro kaha kawea atu i roto i te tinana o te neuron me glia i roto i, i reira he he haaputuputuraa o ururua pūkoro paitini. Ko te ino o te supply toto ki te complexes io ai hoki te hekenga i roto i to ratou mahi e tika ana ki te hē o te hāora, me te kūhuka. Tona takoha ki te whanaketanga o te rohirohi e te hanga tuu hoki pokapū io hoapā pūtau - synapses e tere whakaiti i te tuku o neurotransmitters i roto i te kapiti synaptic.

Ko te Genesis o te pokapū io

Complexes neurocytes tūnga i roto i te pūnaha io pokapū, me te kua he wāhi tuitui i te mahi o te rauropi, mamae huringa kikokiko, me te whaiaroaro. E faataa ratou e te matatini te whakanui ake o te mahi whaiaroaro, me te hinengaro e puta i roto i te ora o te tangata. Ko te huringa tino nui e pa ana i te āhuatanga tau o nga āhuatanga o nga pokapū io, kite tatou i roto i te whanaketanga o taua tukanga nui rite bipedalism, kupu, me te whakaaro e te wehe Homo sapiens i te tahi atu mau melo o te piha haapiiraa o whāngote. Hei tauira, puta hanganga kupu i roto i te tau tuatahi e toru o te ora. Te riroraa i te kongahu matatini o reflexes makatuunga, kua hanga e te reira i runga i te pūtake o whakaohooho ka mohio proprioceptors uaua o te arero, ngutu, me aho waiata o te paeoro me uaua romahā. Na roto i te mutunga o te toru o nga tau o te ora o te tamaiti e ratou katoa mai tahi ki te pūnaha mahi, e ngā te kirinuku o te whenua e takoto ana i te turanga o nga gyrus frontal iho. Kua karangatia e te reira i te wāhi o Broca.

I roto i te hanganga o te mahi kupu he wāhi, me te rohe o te gyrus pae tino pai (pokapū o Wernicke). Ko te oaoa i te mau hopearaa karere o te taputapu kupu tomo te pūkaha, pokapū ataata, me te māna o te uho haaparuparu, te wahi i hanga ai te pokapū kupu.