Tereina Double-Decker i Russia: whakaahuatanga, tohutohu, ngā āhuatanga me arotake

E rave rahi o tatou whakaaro e kua puta tata tereina Decker-rua, ki te whakarewatanga o te Moscow ara - Adler. Heoi, kua neke atu i te rau tau, me te hawhe o ratou hītori i roto i to tatou whenua. Kia tīmata a ki te āhuatanga matua o te tikanga transportation whakahoutia.

E rua-papa motokā: ngā matua

Ko te rua-papa, e rua-papa motokā - te ao hou, o te motokā pāhihi tikanga mō nui kaha pāhihi. E whakarato ana i te whakaritenga e rua-taumata tohanga o compartments (tetahi i runga i te tahi atu). Ko te tauira tino māngai ko te TGV Matarua, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Runga anō i ona hoahoa, ka taea e tenei motokā mau 40-70% atu pāhihi. Hoatu e mo te wahi o viaducts, huna, wāhanga ara te uira ki te catenary mau rimarima i titau whāiti te hanganga o te teitei, te kaihoahoa o enei waka haere i runga i katoa o tinihanga: tuku iho te papa tuatahi kei te rite iti rite taea i waenganui i nga hariata, whakaiti i te tiketike o te salons e rua. I roto i te tūruhi tereina Decker-rua, mahi te paparanga o raro he mahi hangarau, no te mea he iti tona tiketike, me te runga - he nui, hāneanea, maha ki matapihi Panoramic. Kei raro ko te āhuatanga whakatairite poto.

Ko te tereina Decker-rua Russian

E whai Russia te tereina Decker-rua? Railways tuku pāhihi wha momo o cars:

• he wehenga (64 hei utu o 36 iwi);
• CB (30 hei utu o 18);
• hariata-compartments kaimahi (50 hei utu o 18-24 iwi);
• wharekai (44-48 tūru mō ngā manuhiri ki te wāhi kai).

tereina Double-Decker ki Russia i te rārangi katoa o ngā āhuatanga:

• mana āhuarangi - whāhauhau me te whakawera;
• hiri me haumaru whakawhitinga ā-waka;
• pūngao-whakaora LED rama;
• E toru ngā wharepaku wairākau, e taea te whakamahi ahakoa o nga pae;
• pikitanga ki anti-pepa , me te ngāwari puringa;
• kawea supply pereoo i roto anake i te locomotive hiko;
• pūnaha whakatere GLONASS me amiorangi kōrero kaimahi motokā;
• pūnaha ake haumaru - titiro ataata, mana uru me te kaimahi haumaru.

Coupe i roto i te rua-motokā

i ngā tereina Double-Decker i Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara me ētahi atu wāhi) i te whai ake tona coupe:

• ruma Paerewa mō te okiokinga me te moe, rama, tepu, whakaata;
• arawhata i runga i te tūranga aranga ki runga;
• whata mō te tueke iti;
• uru ki te wehenga i roto i te kī autō takitahi anake;
• e rua putanga (100 W) mo tohutohutia pūkoro, pona, me te tahi atu hikohiko;
• Stagnation o moenga katoa i roto i te NE me i roto i te wehenga o runga;
• whakaatu LCD takitahi mō te tiro i ngā kōnae pāpāho, ia pāhihi (CB), taringa (coupe, NE).

I tua atu, e tapaea ana ngā pāhihi i te ratonga e whai ake nei: te wai te mв maitai me te pātara ki runga i te ara, rerenga parukore, me te akuaku kai, hoko o taonga, hautaka, tea me te rare.

tereina Double-Decker i Russia: ara

I roto i te tohutohu katoa e whai ake nei i te taumata-rua whakaako Railways whakarite:

• ki utu titeti atu utu e tika ana ki te kaha pāhihi teitei;
• kino iti ki te taiao e tika ana ki te whakamahi o ngā rauemi hou me te hangarau i roto i te hanga o te waka;
• whakairoiro nekehanga whakamarie (Bunk tito - haere mai hohoro).

Kei raro ko nga wāhi i reira rere tereina Decker-rua i roto i Russia.

urupare pai i ngā pāhihi

āhuatanga takatika e kua tohua nga pāhihi, whakamātauria ki te tereina Decker-rua i roto i Russia:

• cosiness, whakamarie;
• waka hou hou;
• utu whaitake;
• whakaiti o te wā haere;
• kaimahi huatau, me te hoa;
• whakamahinga o wharepaku kawe;
• te pūrere wehenga uru;
• free WI-FI;
• kounga tiketike o te kai i roto i te wharekai;
• haumarutanga;
• te mâ;

• wātea mō ngā tāngata hauā;
• conductors mua rite moenga i hanga;
• putanga tika ki te wehenga;
• kaiwhakahaere karanga pātene;
• i runga i te papa runga whakauaua rongo hokohoko haruru;
• pūnaha rangi conditioning;
• rerekē hoki te haere Russian.

āhuatanga kino

E kore e huna i te kanohi o pāhihi me ngā huakore o te auaha taumata-rua:

• Ratonga. Notemea i mua i te kaiwhakahaere e rua pereoo 36-Seater, engari inaianei te taua maha o ngā kaimahi e whakaratohia ana ki te 64 pāhihi.
• Ko te aroaro o pikitanga. Ki te tiki ki te rua o nga patunga witi, he mea e tika ana ki te hinga i te kaupae tika pari.
• ko Kua te whatanga tueke runga runga ake te tomokanga - taea inaianei anake te penapena tueke i roto i ume.
• Wharepaku. tereina Double-rahoraho i roto i ume Russia e toru anake - kotahi mo te pāhihi 21 (hei utu o 18 rite i roto i te wehenga tikanga).
• Seeling. Nā ki te peculiarities o te rail ara Russian he pea kaha wharau i runga i te taumata tuarua. Ko reira haumaru ki te kia i te ara ki te hei i runga i nga pikitanga.

i roto i te āhuatanga hoki tuhia ngā pāhihi e kore e nga tuanui iti whakaritea mana āhuarangi, he kakara kino i roto i waka, conductors pakeke, wahi kuiti ki moe, he whakaritenga kino o matapihi (iti rawa), taupatupatu WI-FI, utu tiketike mo kai, te kounga rawakore, akeake kai i roto i kai mo ST.

Ko te hītori o ngā waka Decker-rua i roto i Russia

Oketopa 30, 2013 i Adler ki Moscow haere ki te hanganga e rua-kōrero o 15 cars Tver Tuhinga Works. I mua e, i roto i August i Mineral wai whakatuwheratia te taupuni Russian tuatahi mō ngā tereina moenga. Ko nga ngā whakarārangitia kore e i te timatanga o te hītori o tereina Decker-rua i roto i to tatou whenua - hanga i te waka taua tuatahi i roto i te tau 1864 i te tipu Kolomna. "Cuckoo" (pera-ka karanga te tereina o ōpaki karanga "ku-ku", i tohua te timatanga o te taraiwa kaupapa o te tereina) shuttled i waenganui Peterhof ko Oranienbaum, wāhanga ara i roto i te rohe Inia noho tangata te pātū.

I roto i te 1905, hua waka taumata-rua i roto i te hariata Tver Tuhinga. Kia ano kua hoatu e ratou ki te mahi i muri i anake 50 tau - te hanga o te waka cruised te GDR i waenganui Belgorod ko Kharkov, Lvov ko Kovel. Kua hanga Leningrad Tuhinga Works i roto i to ratou ahua i te tauira kāinga o te motokā e rua-papa i roto i te 70 '. Ko te papa whenua he compartments coupe moenga, a ko te rua o nga papa, he tūruhi, te mātakitaki - i reira nga nohoanga anake. Kua iti ratou tuku - he katoa o 16 tauira. Ko te tito kōrero moenga haukotia ano ki te tīmata i tō whārangi hou i roto i to tatou ra.

tereina tūmataiti

Korero o innovations i rerewē kāinga, kia tuhia te reira e tata anga ki te rere i te tereina tūmataiti tuatahi i roto i Russia:

• Electric "TransExpress" aronga Moscow - Kaluga. Ko tōna rangatira - "TransGroup" e te hanga o tenei waka i runga i Dimihinskom engineering tipu i te utu o $ 2 miriona. Ia o nga waka he kaiarahi me kaitiaki, na reira e kore amo, e kore e inu waipiro, me te kore e pongere, e kore hoko a kahore e ui mo mea mana. Kotahi tango: waka katoa o tetahi piha - te tuatoru.
• tereina papai tūmataiti "Grand Express" rere haere te ara Moscow - St Petersburg. whakaaro te hanganga kei te ki hei te whakamarie tino i roto i te Russian Federation. I roto i ona ratonga: ecotoilets ki whakawera underfloor, ua, WI-FI, kaitākaro pāpāho, pūnaha āhuarangi, ki te mamao te whakatika i te rama, makawe hiko ki kī autō, karanga pātene waea, ratonga haumarutanga.

• 4. Electric "Severstalrels" Moscow - St Petersburg. tereina whakamarie he i roto i ona hariata hanganga 1 me te piha haapiiraa 2, e rua pae hariata. e ü ana te hanganga ki ngā whakaritenga Pākehā katoa mo te whakamarie, me te haumaru, rite rawa ki te pūnaha mana āhuarangi.

Railways me ngā tūmataiti

E kore e te putanga o pūhui tūmataiti whakakore i te Railways Russian tokitoki. Ko te rangatira anake ake te rakau okeoke e haea reira ranei. I te wa ano utu ratou kai o / e ara w, ratonga mana, te pamu locomotive. Ko te ekenga iti o tangata, ko nga ngā hou e kore e hurihia ai. Ahakoa i reira ko te huru e te Railways whakanohoia i roto i te ringa o kaihokohoko tūmataiti nga wāhi tino pai, engari te tūmanako te whakahaere e tito kāwanatanga-kore, me te taui ara nga Ropu i roto i te heke mai. Aita i maoro a'e, e taea te kite i te maha o innovations i runga i nga Railways Russian - tereina tūmataiti, cars taumata-rua. O te akoranga, e taea te mau hapa e kitea i roto i nga mea katoa, engari e kore e taea e taua te ahunga whakamua i roto i te ao hou, o tetahi o nga puka matamua o waka, engari hari i roto i to tatou whenua.