Vasily te Dark 2: I roto i te rangatiratanga, Haurongo

Moscow Prince Vasily te Pōuri 2 ture i te wa ka āta ka tona kawanatanga te matua o te kāwanatanga Russian kotahi. Hoki te wā o te kingitanga o Rurik kiia ano hoki te whawhai metarahi nui i waenganui ia me ana whanaunga - contenders mo te mana i roto i te Kremlin. Ko tenei pakanga feudal te whakamutunga i roto i te hītori o Russia.

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ko Future Prince Vasili 2 Dark te rima te tama a Basil ahau ko Sophia Vitovtovna. ko tamaiti Maternally he māngai o te whare te faatere Lithuanian. I runga i te mahana o tona mate, ka tonoa Basil ahau papa-i roto i te pukapuka i tona Vytautas i ai ka ui ia ki ki te tiaki i irāmutu kōhungahunga.

Ko nga tama tuatahi e whā o Grand Duke mate i roto i te tamarikitanga taitamarikitanga ranei i auau ka te mate, i mohiotia e i roto i te meatanga rite he "whiu." Ko te kupu, ko te kainga o Basil noho ahau 2 Basil Dark. Mai i te wāhi o te kāwanatanga o tirohanga, ko tika te aroaro o te uri kotahi te tāpiri, no te mea taea reira te rangatira ki te wehe i te mana i waenganui i ana tamariki maha. No te mea o tenei tikanga motuhake kua mate Kievan Rus me maha nga tau i tukua te whenua Vladimir-Suzdal.

Te āhuatanga tōrangapū

Moscow rangatiratanga i rite i tika ki te noho kotahi, no te o tuma ke. Ahakoa te meka e koroua Basil II o Dmitry Donskoy patua te ope Tatar-Mongol i runga i Kulikovo Field i 1380, ti'aturi i runga i te Golden Horde noho Russia. tonu hoki Moscow te pokapū tōrangapū Slavic Siu nui. Ko tōna rangatira ko nga mea e ahei te tu ki runga ki nga khans, ki te kahore i runga i te parekura, ki te awhina o tau hautoa.

Mai i te hauauru, whakawehi nga rangatiratanga Te Tai Rāwhiti Slavic Lithuania. Tae noa 1430 reira Vytautas ture - koroua Basil II. Neke atu i te nga tekau tau, i taea ki te tāpiri ki ona taonga hauauru Russian te wehewehenga o Russia rangatira Lithuanian kawanatanga (Polotsk, Galich, Volyn, Kyiv). A, no te Basil ngaro ahau toku motuhake Smolensk. Lithuania iho te piki arotahi i runga i Katorika Poland e arahina ki te pakanga mooni ki te nuinga Siu ko Moscow. e tika ana ki te taurite te noho tata ana kino, me te pupuri i te rangimarie i roto i to ratou ake āhua Basil II i. whakaaturia Time kua e kore ia i muri tonu.

Papā ki tona matua keke

I roto i te 1425, ka mate a Prince Vasili Dmitrievich, mahue te torona ki te tama tawhito tekau tau. whakaae rangatira Russian tona rangatira tino i roto i Russia. Heoi, ahakoa te tautoko whakahuatia o te tūranga o te Basil iti i rawa wiriwiri. Ko te take anake e kore tetahi tangata i maia ki te pa ki, tona koroua - he kaha Ariki, Lithuanian Vytautas. Otiia ko ia koroheke rawa a mate i roto i 1430.

I aru tenei e te mekameka katoa o ngā i arahina ki te whawhai ture nui. Ko te kaiwero matua o te pakanga ko te Basil II Uncle Yuri Dmitrievich - te tama a te rongonui Dmitry Donskoy. I mua i tona mate, te toa o Mamaia i runga i nga whakarerenga iho waihotia iho ki tana tama whakaotinga e whiwhi. Te ite i te ati o tenei tikanga tuku iho, i iti Dmitry Donskoy i te meka i hoatu Yuri pa iti: Zvenigorod, Galich ko Vyatka Ruza.

noho tamariki o te rangatira mate i roto i te rangimarie me te tauturu i te tahi e te tahi atu. Heoi, i mohiotia Yuri mo tona hao me te aroha o te mana. I roto i te hinaaro o tona papa, i ia ki te whiwhi katoa o Muscovy i te hui o te mate taimi halá, o tona tuakana Basil I. Ko e a e rima tama, te whakaotinga o ratou, ka riro i te rangatira o te Kremlin i 1425.

tenei wa katoa, Yuri Dmitrievich noho minimis Zvenigorod rangatira. whakahaere Moscow rangatira ki te tiaki i to ratou ahua, me te whakapiki ake i te reira e tika ana ki te meka i te whakaturengia ngā te tikanga o te riiwhi, rite ki nei haere te torona i papa ki te tama matamua, bypassing teina teina. I roto i te rau tau XV, he āhua hou tenei tukanga. (Ka mau ie kēkē mua i runga i nga irāmutu) I mua ki taua, i Russia, kia rite ki te kaha o riro tūranga matua ure, te matau o te tūranga matua ranei.

O te akoranga, ko Yuri he kaitautoko o te tikanga tawhito, mai tukua ratou ki a ia hei te rangatira tika i roto i Moscow. I tua atu, i tautokona ana mana rara i te hinaaro o tona papa. Ki te tango koe i te tuakiri ngā me, i roto i te rangatiratanga Moscow i raro Basil II fehangahangai e rua ngā pūnaha o tupu, tetahi o te nama ki te tahi i te tahi atu. Yuri i tatari tika mo ha faingamālie ki te whakapuaki io ratou take. Ki te mate o Vytautas, te aroaro o tenei faingamālie ki a ia.

Ko te marae i roto i te Horde

I roto i khans te Mongol ture tukuna tapanga ki te tohutohu i, i hoatu te Rurikovich tika tenei ranei e torona noho. Ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore e tenei iho pokanoa ki te tauatanga noa, te kore e kore te te kaitono maia iwi mohoao. i whiua e te meka e i runga i to ratou kainga tupu ki te patu i mano tini toto whakatau mana'o o Khan.

riro Dmitry Donskoy uri tonu tapanga ki kingi, a ka utua takoha, ahakoa te meka i timata ano nga Mongols ki mamae i tona ake te ngangare. I roto i te 1431, ka haere te tupu 2 Basil Dark ki te Golden Horde, ki te tiki i to ratou whakaaetanga ki te poari. Tukutahi ki reira i roto i te koraha peia Yuri Dmitrievich. Ua hinaaro ia ki te whakamatau ki te Khan e whai tika atu ki te torona atu tona iramutu.

faaoti te Ariki o te Golden Horde Ulugh Muhammad i manakohia o Vasily. tukua Yuri tona mate tuatahi, engari e kore e haere ki te Päkehä. I roto i te mau parau mohio ia "teina nui" o tona irāmutu, a hoki ana ki tona kainga Māori, ki te tatari mo te faingamālie hou ki te patu. He to tatou hītori maha tauira o teka, a i roto i tenei tikanga, e kore te mea nui rerekē tokomaha o hono to'utangatá, me matua i Yuri Dmitrievich. I te wa ano wahia e ia tona kupu whakaari, me te Basil. I te marae o Khan i korero ai ia ia matua keke ki te homai utu i roto i te pa o Dmitrov, engari kihai i mahia e pera.

Ko te timatanga o te totohe

I roto i te 1433, Prince waru tau tawhito o Moscow takaro te marena. Basil II ko tana wahine ko Maria - te tamahine o te rangatira o te motuhake Yaroslava Borovskogo (ano i Moscow whare). I karangatia nga whakanui whanaunga maha ki te rangatira, tae atu ki ngā tamariki Yuri Dmitrievich (kihai i whakaatu ake ia, engari noho i roto i tona Galicia). Dmitriy Shemyaka ko Vasily Diagon tonu ka whai wāhi nui i roto i te pakanga kaiākiri. I a ratou i te manuhiri o te Duke Grand. I roto i te waenganui o te take marena. kite Mother Basil II Sofia Vitovtovna ki whitiki Basil Koos e mahara i no ki Dmitry Donskoy, a ka tahaetia e te kotiro. haea ia atu te wahi o te kakahu te tamaiti, i meinga he tautohe nui i waenganui i whanaunga. haere atu tonu tama whara Yuri Dmitrievich, a haere ana ki tona papa ki runga ki te ara takakinotanga i Yaroslavl. Ko te wāhanga ki te whitiki tahaetia ka te taonga o te pakiwaitara, me te kaupapa rongonui i roto i te kōrero.

ka ko te kupu whawhai Domestic te take i titiro Zvenigorod Prince ki te tīmata i te whawhai nui ki tona iramutu. Ako e pā ana ki te mea i pa i te hakari, ka huihuia e ia te ope pono ka haere ki Moscow. rangatira Russian kotahi ano rite ki te riringi i te toto o ratou kaupapa, mo te whakaaro ki o ngā ngākau nuitanga whaiaro.

Ko te ope o te Duke Grand o Moscow, i pakaru Yuri i te taha o te Klyazma. Aita i maoro roa ka mau toku matua keke me te whakapaipai. riro Basil utu i roto i Kolomna, te wahi, i roto i te meka, mutu ake i roto i te whakarau. I te pae hopea, rite Yuri tona moe e pā ana ki te torona o tona papa. Heoi, pa tonu te hiahiatia, i hanga e ia te maha o ngā hape mate. haere New Prince ki tukituki ki te boyars Moscow, ko tona mana i roto i te pa, ko te tino nui. Tautoko mō tenei piha haapiiraa, me to ratou moni ka he huanga tino nui o te kaha.

A, no te kitenga o te kāhui Moscow i timata ona rangatira hou ki te kotēhia i te iwi tawhito i tari, me te whakakapi ratou ki to ratou ake ngā kaitono, rere pinepine o kaitautoko matua ki a Kolomna. ko taratahi Yuri a ka hatepea atu i te ope a te whakapaipai. Na ka whakaritea e ia ki te haere ki te ao ki tona irāmutu, a whakaae ki te hoki a ia ki te torona i muri i te marama ruarua o te kingitanga.

Otiia kihai a Basil nui whakaaro ki tona matua keke. Hoki i te pane, ka anga ia tāmitanga hāngai ki te hunga boyars e tautoko George i roto i tona kerēme ki te kaha. hanga Hoariri te taua hape, e kore e tango ki pūkete te wheako pouri o tona hoariri. Na ka kauwhautia Vasili nga tama a Yuri whawhai. I patua ano te Duke Grand tata ana Rostov. ka ano tona matua keke kawana o Moscow. Heoi, ara i te marama torutoru i muri i tetahi atu reshuffle mate Yuri (Pipiri 5, 1434). I roto i te pane, i reira nga hau tamau e i kawa ia e tetahi o ana tangata. I raro i te i pai ai o George, ka Duke tana tama matamua Basil Diagon.

Matahao Basil i roto i Moscow

te kingitanga katoa o Yuri i Moscow Vasily 2 i runga i te oma, whawhai i momoho ki ana tama. A ka korerotia Diagon tona teina Shemyaka e ia inaianei kingi i roto i Moscow, e kore kua Dmitry whakaae tenei huringa. i hanga e ia te rongo ki a Basil, i runga i nei, ki te angitu, riro te whakakotahitanga Shemyaka Uglich me Rzhev. Na nga rangatira e rua, i mua hoariri, piri te ope ki te pei i roto i o te tama mātāmua a Moscow, Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo.

Matahao Basil, te ako o te huarahi o nga hoia hoariri rere te whakapaipai i roto i Novgorod, i muri tango ki a ia taonga o tona papa. proknyazhil ia i roto i Moscow marama kotahi noa te raumati i roto i 1434. I roto i te oma-whakaraua ki te tango i te moni huihui i te ope, a haere ana ki a ia ki te taha o Kostroma. I te tuatahi, i patua ia i te awa Kotorosl tata Yaroslavl, a ka ano i te Battle o awa chereh i Mei 1436. i horo Vasily e tona i'oa, me te barbarously whakamatapotia. Ko reira hoki o tona wharanga, i tapaina a ia Squint. ka mate te Prince mua i roto i te whare herehere i roto i te 1448.

War ki Kazan Khanate

I etahi wa i roto i Russia i te rangimarie. Grand Prince o Moskovskiy Vasily II i ngana ana ki te karo whawhai ki ona hoa, heoi kihai ia i manuïa. Meinga toto hou ko te Khanate o Kazan. Na roto i tenei wa, i wehea te kotahi Zolotaya Orda ki te maha ulus motuhake. Ko te nui rawa, me te tino kaha te Kazan Khanate. patua Tatars kaihokohoko Russian me fokotu'u ngā haerenga ki te wāhi rohe.

I roto i 1445 i waenganui i nga rangatira Slavic me Kazan Khan Mahmoud whawhai tuwhera tangoro. Hōngongoi 7 tata Suzdal whawhai ka mau wahi, i roto i nei te kapa Russian i tukua e te hinga kuru. tangohia te herehere i Michael hoki ratau ko tona whanaunga, Vasily te Dark 2. I roto i te kingitanga o tenei rangatira (1425-1462) i ki tonu o wā ka ia tino ngaro te mana. Here a inaianei, he i roto i te whakarau o te Khan, i tapahia poto ia atu i ngā kaupapa i te kāinga.

Tatars purutia

I noho Basil purutia ki te Tatars, ko ia te rangatira o Moscow Dmitry Shemyaka - rua nga tama a te mutunga o Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo. I roto i tenei wa, riro ia maha kaitautoko i roto i te pane. Na tohe ana Vasily tukua Kazan Khan haere noa ia. Heoi, i ia ki te haina i te kirimana-iu tetahi i roto i hoatu nei ki a ia ki te utu i te herenga nui, me te, tae noa kino, ki te hoatu i etahi o ona pa ki te Tatars i kai.

meinga tenei i te poipoi o te riri i roto i Russia. Ahakoa te amuamu o te iwi maha i roto i te whenua, ka anga ahau ki te kingi i roto i Moscow Vasily te Dark 2 ano. kihai i taea e ātetenga Kaupapahere Horde engari arahi ki nunu'a fakatupu 'auha. I tua atu, ka haere mai te rangatira ki te Kremlin arahina e ngā hōia a Khan, i i homai ki a ia i nga Tatars, ki toe te torona mo te tino.

Dmitry Shemyaka i muri i hoki mai ki tona hoariri mutu Uglich. Tino hohoro timata reira ki hipi ki te kaitautoko Moscow, i roto nei i rangatira me kaihokohoko, pouri ki te whanonga o Basil. Ki te to ratou awhina, whakaritea Uglich rangatira he tukipoto, i muri i timata ano ki te kingi i roto i te Kremlin.

I tua atu, i haina ia i te tautoko o etahi o nga rangatira, e i mawehe mua i te pakanga. I roto ia ratou a Mozhajskij rangatira Ivan A. ko Boris Tverskoy. Ua tauturu rua enei rangatira Shemyaka teka he kaiherehere Vasily i te rohe tapu o te Tokotoru-Herekiu pakiki. February 16, 1446 i whakamatapotia e ia. Te kohuru i whakatikaia e te meka i haere Basil ki te mahi ki te huihui whakarihariha. I tua atu, ka kotahi whakahau ia ki te matapo te hoariri. Ko te kupu utu Shemyaka te whakarau o tona tuakana Vasiliya Kosogo.

i muri i kanapa

I muri i tenei wāhanga, whakahekea te wa whakamutunga i 2 Basil Dark. I roto i te poto, kua tapiritia tona whakarau fakamamahi ana kaitautoko i roto i te feaa kāhui. Kanapa rite ki te korerorero i roto i te nuinga o nga rangatira o te Moscow State, kua riro nei hoariri te kahui ka Shemyaka. ka tango ahau painga o Vasily te Dark 2. Te aha ka Dark tona īngoa, e matau ana tatou i nga meatanga e whakamārama tenei matapo epithet. Ahakoa te wharanga, noho kaha te rangatira. Tana tama Ivan (i muri Ivan Iii) ka ona kanohi, me taringa, te āwhina i roto i ngā take katoa āhua.

Na roto i te tikanga i tū Shemyaka Vasily me tana wahine i roto i Uglich. Mariya Yaroslavna, rite tana tane, e kore e ngaro ngakau. A, no te timata te rangatira whakahekea e hoki paopao kaitautoko i te mahere ki te hopu Moscow. I roto i te Hakihea ka mau 1446 Basil ki te ope te whakapaipai, i tupu te reira i te wa, i te atu Dmitry Shemyaka. Na te rangatira i te pae hopea ki tona matenga whakapumautia i roto i te Kremlin.

Kua mohiotia to tatou hītori he rota o te totohe. More maha atu i te kore mutu ratou i roto i te ngātahitia, me te wikitoria oti o tetahi o nga rōpū. I roto i te waenganui o te rautau XV, tupu te mea ano. huihuia Shemyaka he ope, ka rite ki te haere tonu te whawhai ki te Duke Grand. He tau torutoru i muri i te hokinga mai o Basil i roto i Moscow, January 27, 1450, i reira ko he whawhai o Galich, e whakaaro hītori te whawhai kaiakiri whakamutunga i roto i Russia. i tukua e Shemyaka hinga herekore, me te hohoro rere ki Novgorod. Kei te maha ka tenei pa he wahapu ano ia mo whakarau i te whare Rurik. kihai i noho puta Shemyaka, a ka mate ia o mau tumu tūturu i roto i te 1453. Heoi, ko reira taea e i kawa puku ia i āpiha Basil. Ko te kupu mutu te totohe ā-whakamutunga i roto i Russia. Mai reira, kihai i nga rangatira o te kōwae i te tikanga ranei te hao ki te pato'ii te mana pokapū.

Te rangimarie ki a Poland me Lithuania

I te kuao tau, Prince Vasily te Dark 2 kihai i rerekē ngarahu. kihai i tohungia e ia ana kaupapa i roto i te hui o te whawhai, me te maha hanga hape rautaki, hei te toto take. Kanapa nui ke tona huru. riro ia haehaa, marino, a pea noa whakaaro nui. I te pae hopea whāngai i roto i Moscow, ka mau ake Vasily te rangimarie pūrere ki ona hoa tata.

Ko te ati nui ko te Kingi o Poland me Grand Duke o Lithuania Casimir IV. I roto i 1449 i waenganui i te rangatira i whakawhiwhia te reira i te kirimana i roto i i mohio e ratou nga rohe whakapumautia a korerotia e kore ki te tautoko i te kāinga o te hoa whakataetae. Kazimierz, me te Basil, fehangahangai te riri o te pakanga kaiākiri. Tona hoariri matua ko Mihail Sigizmundovich, te ti'aturi i runga i te wahi Siu o te hapori Lithuanian.

Ko te kirimana ki te Republic o Novgorod

tonu muri poari Basil 2 Dark i roto i te tikanga ano. Nā ki te meka i maru Shemyaka Novgorod, i kitea te Republic ano i roto i te noho wehe, i, i raro i te kirimana, e tautokona ana e te kingi Polish. Ki te mate o te rangatira tutu tae i roto i Moscow karere ki te whakakore i te rāhui hokohoko me ētahi atu rongoā Prince, no te mea o e riro te ora tangata nui atu uaua.

mutu te 1456 tiriti o yazhelbitsy i waenganui o te rōpū. noaa e ia te tūranga o te pononga o te käwanatanga Novgorod i Moscow. whakapumautia te tuhinga ano de haamamae te tūranga ārahi o te Duke Grand i Russia. I muri mai, i whakamahia te kawenata i tama Ivan III a Basil ki uru atu nga pa taonga me te mata raki katoa o Moscow.

Hua o te Poari

Ko te tau whakamutunga o te ora Vasiliy Temny tū i roto i te rangimarie whanaunga, me te ata. mate ia i roto i te 1462 i te mate kohi me te maimoatanga tano ore o tenei whiu. ko 47 nga tau, 37 o nei ko ia (ki wehenga) te rangatira o Moscow ia.

whakahaere Basil ki te whakakore fiefdoms iti i roto i ona mana. fakamamafa'i ia ti'aturiraa i runga i Moscow ki ētahi atu whenua Russian. A, no te puritia reira he hui ecclesial nui. Na roto i te tikanga o te Prince Pihopa o Metropolitan Hona i pōtitia. Tenei hui ko te timatanga o te mutunga i runga i te Ekalesia Moscow o Constantinople rānei. I roto i 1453 tangohia te whakapaipai Byzantine i te taha o nga Turkey, i muri i nei te pokapū tūturu o Ofotokisií oho ki Moscow.